固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定饮用水中苯胺和联苯胺

用Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取小柱富集水中的苯胺和联苯胺，以2%氨水-甲醇混合溶液为洗脱液，采用高效液相色谱法DAD检测器在285 nm波长下测定。苯胺和联苯胺分别在0 mg/L～100 mg/L和0 mg/L～10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好，检出限分别为0.3 μg/L和0.1 μg/L，饮用水加标平行测定6次的RSD分别为0.9%和0.3%，回收率分别为98.3%～99.1%和97.6%～102%。     

测定双酚A的流动注射化学发光法研究

在鲁米诺-高碘酸钾化学发光体系中加入双酚A,可以抑制该体系的化学发光,据此建立了双酚A的流动注射化学发光监测分析新方法。该法的线性范围为6 0×10-6～1 0×10-3g L,检测限为1 3×10-7g L。方法可用于水体中双酚A的测定。     

番红花红T紫外分光光度法测定微量亚硝酸盐氮

1实验方法 :于 2 5ml比色管中加 5μg亚硝酸盐氮标准使用液 ( 5.0 μg/ml)、2 .0 ml1 .0× 1 0 -3mol/L 番红花红 T、4 .0 ml2 .0 mol/L 缓冲溶液( H2 SO4) ,用水定容 ,摇匀。放置 1 0 min,用 1 cm比色皿以试剂空白为参比在 365nm处测吸光度 ,吸光值至少在 1 h内保持恒定。 2变异系数 0 .59%～ 1 .35% ,加标回收率 98.2 %～ 1 0 0 .4 %。 3亚硝酸盐氮在 0～ 1 0 .0 μg/2 5ml内符合比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数 3.1× 1 0 4L/mol· cm,回归方程y=0 .0 2 67c 0 .0 0 2 ,相关系数 r=0 .9992 ,结果满意。番红花红T紫外分光光度法测定微量亚…     

液液萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水中甲萘威和阿特拉津

用二氯甲烷萃取水中的甲萘威和阿特拉津，经旋转蒸发和氮吹富集浓缩后，采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器在222 nm波长下测定。甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.100 mg/L～5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好，检出限分别为0.031 μg/L和0.027 μg/L，空白水样加标平均回收率为78.5%～91.7%，平行测定3次的RSD＜5%。     

深圳主要河流中雌激素污染调查

调查了深圳市10条主要河流雌激素污染现状,结果表明,双酚A在深圳市河流中28个监测点中27个点有检出,检出率96.4％,质量浓度为未检出～6.042 μg/L;17β雌二醇(E2)在深圳市河流中28个监测点中8个点有检出,检出率28.6％,质量浓度为未检出～0.011 6μg/L,能检出的17β雌二醇(E2)值大都在0.001 5μg/L～0.003 9 μg/L之间;雌三醇(E3)仅在1个监测点(新洲河河口)有检出,对壬基酚均未检出.     

液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类

制作了半挥发性有机物中流量采样装置,使用超细玻璃纤维滤膜采样,反相液相色谱法测定环境空气中酞酸酯类,并对样品净化方式、目标化合物在气相和颗粒物上的分布规律及采样器的捕集效率进行了试验.方法在0.50 mg/L～50.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好,当浓缩体积为1.0 mL、采样体积为144 m3时,目标化合物的检出限为0.4×10-3 μg/m3～6.0×10-3 μg/m3;当采样体积为6 m3时,检出限为0.008 μg/m3～0.145 μg/m3.     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中低含量锡

试验了集恒温平台石墨炉 (STPF)于一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正 ,最大功率升温 ,钯作为基体改进剂和峰面积积分 (A -s)测定废水中低含量锡的新方法。测定结果表明 ,锡含量在 0 μg/L～ 10 0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检测限 (3σ) 3 5× 10 -11g ,特征量为 9 1× 10 -11g ,相对标准差小于 6 % ,回收率在 91%～ 10 7%之间     

5NO_2-BPAIP分光光度法快速测定作物中痕量铜

研究了新显色剂 2 - [3- (5 -硝基苯并异噻唑 )偶氮 ]- 6 -异丙基苯酚 (5NO2 -BPAIP)与铜的显色反应 ,在pH为 7 5的氯化铵一氨水体系中 ,显色反应灵敏 ,配合物的最大吸收波长为 6 40nm ,摩尔吸光系数为 2 83× 10 5。铜含量在 0 μg/ 5 0mL～ 13 0 μg/ 5 0mL范围内符合比尔定律 ,方法简便、快速、选择性好 ,是目前光度法测铜的最灵敏的方法之一 ,用于作物中测定痕量铜 ,结果令人较为满意。     

大气颗粒物中铁含量的测定——4,7-二苯基—1,10菲咯啉分光光度法

4.7—二苯基—1.10—菲咯啉(简称B.P.)与亚铁离子反应生成红色络合物,此络合物颜色与亚铁离子存在的量成正比,在0～40μg(25mI)范围内遵守朗伯—比尔定律,最大吸收波长为535nm。显色最佳pH值范围为3～6,此法的摩尔吸光系数ε=2.24×10~4l/mol.cm,较邻二氮菲的摩尔吸光系数高一倍,最低检测限0.020μg/ml,当采样体积为8.6m~3时,最低检出浓度为2.3×10~(-5)mg/m~3     

气动进样原子荧光法测定环境水样中痕量汞和砷

以硼氢化钾作为还原剂原子荧光法测定环境水样中的汞和砷,配合以气动进样,方法简单、试剂用量少、灵敏度高.测汞时KBH4-KOH浓度为0.01%～0.0005%,样品中王水浓度3%(v/v),检测限为5.8×10-3μg/L;测砷时KBH4-KOH浓度为2.6%～1.0%,样品中盐酸浓度5%(v/v),检测限为4.9μg/L.     

河流沉积物中有机污染物的分析研究进展

总结了近年来河流沉积物中有机污染物的研究进展 ,集中评述了国内有关沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分析研究现状 ,包括样品采集、样品前处理和样品分析 ,并对今后河流、湖泊及水库沉积物中污染物的分析工作作了展望     

Trends in Nitrogen Transport in Swedish Rivers

Concern about nitrogen loads in marine environments has drawn attention to the existence and possible causes of long-term trends in nitrogen transport in rivers. The present study was based on data from the Swedish environmental monitoring programme for surface water quality; the continuity of these data is internationally unique. A recently developed semiparametric method was employed to study the development of relationships between runoff and river transport of nitrogen since 1971; the observed relationships were then used to produce time series of flow-normalised transports for 66 sites in 39 river basins. Subsequent statistical analyses of flow-normalised data revealed only few significant downward trends (p 0.05) during the time period 1971–1994, and the most pronounced of these downward trends were caused by reduced point emissions of nitrogen. The number of significant upward trends was substantially larger (15 for total-N and 18 for NO₃-N). Closer examination of obtained results revealed the following: (i) the most pronounced upward trends were present downstream of lakes, and (ii) observed increases in nitrogen transport coincided in time and space with reduced point emissions of phosphorus or organic matter. This indicated that changes in the retention of nitrogen in lakes were responsible for the upward nitrogen trends. The hypothesis that nitrogen saturation of forest soils has caused a general increase in the riverine export of nitrogen from forested catchments in Sweden was not confirmed. Neither did the results indicate that improved agricultural practices have reduced the export of nitrogen from agricultural catchments.     

Fluoride in groundwater in selected villages in Eritrea (North East Africa)

A study was undertaken to estimate fluoride content in thegroundwater in certain parts of rural Eritrea, North-East Africa,along the River Anseba. Standard procedure was adopted for fluoride detection. Results indicate elevated concentration offluoride in groundwater. The highest concentration was found tobe 3.73 mg L^-1, well above the safety level for consumption.Geological basis for the high concentration of high fluoride hasbeen established; it is presumed to be the pegmatite intrusion hosted by a granitic batholith. Extensive dental fluorosis has been observed in the population exposed to drinking water of highfluoride content.     

丽水市空气中Pb污染调查

为调查丽水市空气中Pb污染现状，在机动车相对集中的市区布设5个测点，测点高度1．2m；监测周期为1a，每星期采样1d或2d，每天采集1个样，每次采样6h；监测项目为TSP、Pb；评价标准采用GB3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》。结果表明，丽水市各测点空气中Pb最大的季均值、年均值均未超标；常规测点和交通路口测点之间TSP、Pb质量浓度值均存在显著的差异性。     

Organochlorines and Mercury in Waterfowl Harvested in Canada

Samples of breast muscle from 32 species of waterfowl collected from 123 sites across Canada were analyzed for chlorobenzenes (CBz), chlordane-related compounds (CHL), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), DDT, mirex, dieldrin, PCBs and mercury. ΣDDT, ΣCBz and ΣPCB were the compounds most frequently found above trace levels. ΣHCH and ΣMirex were detected the least often. Mercury was detected in all of the mergansers, over 50% of dabbling, bay and sea ducks, and in less than 2% of the geese analysed. The highest levels of contaminants were generally found in birds feeding at higher trophic levels such as sea ducks and mergansers. With the exception of a few samples of mergansers and long-tailed ducks from eastern Canada, which contained ΣPCB concentrations of 1.0–2.4 mg kg⁻¹, ΣPCB levels were less than 1 mg kg⁻¹ wet weight. Only one merganser from eastern Canada had a ΣDDT concentration (2.6 mg kg⁻¹ ww) which was greater than 1 mg kg⁻¹ ww. The highest ΣCHL (0.10 mg kg⁻¹ ww) was also found in mergansers from eastern Canada. Levels of total mercury in breast muscle were either low (< 1 mg kg⁻¹ ww) or below detection limits with the exception of a few samples of mergansers from eastern Canada which contained mercury concentrations of 1.0–1.5 mg kg⁻¹ ww. Health Canada determined that the organochlorine and mercury levels found in samples of breast muscle of ducks and geese analysed in this study did not pose a health hazard to human consumers and therefore these waterfowl were safe to eat.     

兰州市冬季和春季PM2.5金属元素浓度水平与分布

为了解兰州市大气PM2.5中金属元素的污染水平和分布,于2013年冬季和春季在兰州市区4个在线监测点进行PM2.5样品采集,利用ICP-MS分析金属元素浓度。结果表明,Pb、B元素含量高于200 ng/m3,V、Fe元素含量在100~200 ng/m3,其余元素含量低于100 ng/m3,其中Pb含量最高,平均含量达到373.8 ng/m3.各监测点元素含量在冬季和春季各有不同,整体上是冬季高于春季。金属元素在兰州市区的空间分布与兰州市工业排放和气象因素有关,工业排放为主导因素。     

中国1998年度环境质量状况

对我国１９９８年度的环境空气质量，酸雨，主要流域水质，近岸域海水水质，地下水水位与水质，城市声环境、射环境质量，典型区域生态环境的状况进行了综述了与分析，指出了我国的环境污染问题主要是城市空气污染，地面水体污染和城市噪声污染。     

Characteristic Air Temperature Distributions Observed in Summer and Winter in Urban Area in Japan

The air temperature distributions in August (summer) and December (winter) were measured in an approximately 15 × 15-km urban area in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, in order to study the spatial distribution of the air temperature and to propose effective measures against the heat island phenomenon. The air temperature was measured mainly by using thermometer shelters installed in an elementary school and a junior high school. The characteristic air temperature distribution depended on the season. The air temperature was higher inland than in the coastal region in August but was higher in the coastal region in December. The air temperature index indicated that the area where higher air temperatures would most likely appear was 5 to 10 km inland from the coast in August and around the coast in December. The seasonal air temperature distribution was presumably due to the strength of solar radiation and anthropogenic exhaust heat.     

天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的分布特征

采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对天津市空气颗粒物中15种酞酸酯(PAEs)夏季和冬季的浓度进行了分析测定,研究了酞酸酯污染水平的季节变化,不同季节酞酸酯的功能区差异,15种酞酸酯在颗粒物中的分布特征,以及DBP和DEHP在夏冬两季中的污染特点,分析了产生上述结果的原因,基本说明了天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的污染状况和特点。     

Pesticides residues in vegetables in and around Delhi

This article presents the development of a multiresidue method forthe estimation of 30 insecticides, 15 organochlorineinsecticides and 6 organophosphorus insecticides, 9 syntheticpyrethriods and 2 herbicides and their quantificationin vegetables. The monitoring study indicates that though allthe vegetable samples were contaminated with pesticides, only31% of the samples contained pesticides above the prescribedtolerance limit.