有机磷农药的遗传毒性研究

有机磷农药目前已广泛用于农业生产。由于发现有些有机磷农药品种能诱发突变,其诱变性已引起普遍关注。本综述了有机磷农药的基本情况及其遗传毒性的研究现状、化学结构与诱变性的关系以及产生诱变性的可能分子机制。     

有机磷农药在细菌回变试验中的诱变性及其与结构的关系

采用Ａｍｅｓ试验和大肠杆菌回变试验，对１９种有机磷农药进行了诱变性研究，并分析了５９种有机磷农药化学结构与诱变性的关系。     

有机磷农药遗传毒性研究进展

有机磷农药是我国使用的一大类农药,大量研究表明有机磷农药具有潜在的遗传毒性.本文综述了近年来有机磷农药遗传毒性的实验室和人群监测资料,有机磷农药的诱变性与结构的关系,代谢转化及人群基因多态性对诱变性的影响,诱变性的可能机制和监测诱变性的生物标志物.     

急性氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂诊断标准的研究

急性氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂诊断标准的研究中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生职业病研究所（北京市南纬路，１０００５０）张寿林，黄金祥，丁茂柏氨基甲酸酯是继有机磷和有机氯后发展起来的一类新型农药。结构通式为Ｒ＿２Ｏ－ＣＯＮＨ－Ｒ＿１，Ｒ＿１为甲基、Ｒ＿２为芳香烃、脂肪...     

有机磷农药中毒患者心脏效应的观察

目的　研究有机磷农药中毒与心脏损害的关系,更好地改善临床治疗。方法　对９２ 例有机磷农药中毒病例进行系统分析。结果　发现患者心电图异常发生率高,改变呈多样,且与中毒程度相关,存在剂量反应关系;心电图的异常与肺水肿的发生无关;心电图异常者中心肌酶谱改变的比例较高（ＯＲ＝ ５ ．７９） 。结论　有机磷农药中毒患者的心电图异常可能是原发直接性的,是有机磷农药对心肌细胞直接损伤的结果。     

巢式PCR检测新生儿先天畸形心脏组织中的B19—DNA的研究

为探讨人微小病毒Ｂ１９感染与先天性心脏病病因学的关系。用巢式聚合酶链反应技术，检测１１例新生儿先天性心脏病心脏心肌标本中的Ｂ１９病毒ＤＮＡ，并取曲同期１１例先天畸形死亡患儿的心肌组织作对照，同时作ＣＭＶ，ＨＳＶ，ＴＯＸ的ＰＣＲ检测。结果：病例组中Ｂ１９ ＤＮＡ阳性２例，ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性１例，ＴＯＸ，ＨＳＶ均阴性，对照组中，１例ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性，其余各病原体均阴性。     

美国THMP·TRONIC型PCR仪的性能及应用

美国ＴＨＭＰ·ＴＲＯＮＩＣ型ＰＣＲ仪的性能及应用浙江省义乌市人民医院设备科吕群随着现代生命科学技术的进步，多聚酶链式反应（简称ＰＣＲ）技术在近几年得到了很大发展．ＰＣＲ技术是一种体外扩增特异ＤＮＡ片段的技术，其原理是在模板ＤＮＡ、引物和四种脱氧核糖苷...     

先天性心脏病患儿弓形体感染的初步研究

目的 探索先天性心脏病与弓形体感染的关系。方法 对３７例先心病患儿及３０例健康儿童的外周血进行酶联免疫吸附试验检测ＴＯＸ－ｌｇＧ,ＴＯＸ－ｌｇＭ,对其中２０例ＴＯＸ－ＩｇＧ阳性者的心肌组织采用ＰＣＲ检测ＴＯＸ－ＤＮＡ。结果 先心病组３７例,ＴＯＸ－ＩｇＧ阳性２０例,阳性率５４．１％;对照组３０例,ＴＯＸ－ＩｇＧ阳性７例,阳性率２３％,两组差异有显著性。     

黄刺玫果汁的抗氧化作用及对大鼠血液流变学的影响

以ＳＤ大鼠为试验对象，研究了黄刺玫果汁（ＲＸＧ）对大鼠血液中过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的影响。结果表明，ＲＸＧ试验组的血浆ＬＰＯ含量显著减少，而ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性远高于其它对照组。用与ＲＸＧ中的维生素和微量元素含量相等的维－微合剂做对照试验，未见明显的抗氧化效应。血流变学试验显示ＲＸＧ可以降低高切变率下的全血粘度，提高红细胞的变形能力。     

TTV在性病高危人群中的感染状况（附166例报告）

为调查性病高危人群中输血传播病毒（ＴＴＶ）的感染状况，我们在ＴＴＶＯＲＦ１保守区设计引诱的，建立巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ），检测１６６例性病高危人群和９０例普通体检人群血清中ＴＴＶＤＮＡ。发现本组性病高然人群中有３４例ＴＴＶＤＮＡ阳性，阳性率为２０．５％，而普通体检人群的阳性率为４．４％（Ｐ〈０．００５）。显示性病高危人群亦是ＴＴＶ感染的高危人群性接触是获得ＴＴＶ感染的重要途径之一。     

Management and Employee Agreement on Reports of Organizational Policies and Practices Important in Return to Work Following Carpal Tunnel Surgery

This studys purpose was to assess the agreement between management and employee ratings of organizational policies and practices (OPP) involved in the return to work process following carpal tunnel surgery. As a part of the prospective community-based Maine Carpal Tunnel II Study, 65 manager and employee pairs completed a questionnaire tapping four OPP dimensions: people oriented culture, safety climate, ergonomic practices, and disability management. It was hypothesized that managers and employees would agree on their assessment of the four OPPs and a composite organizational support index. Agreement was assessed using Lins concordance correlation coefficient. Employee and manager ratings were similar for the organizational support index (rho_c = 0.14, p = 0.08), and people oriented culture (rho_c = 0.25, p = 0.01) but not the other three OPPs. In larger companies (> 450 employees), ratings were also similar for safety climate (rho_c = 0.24, p = 0.09), disability management (rho_c = 0.22, p = 0.07) and ergonomic practices (rho_c = 0.35, p = 0.02). In unionized companies there was agreement for safety climate (rho = 0.44, p = 0.02), disability management (rho_c = 0.41, p = 0.01) and ergonomic practices (rho_c = 0.40, p = 0.06). These preliminary results suggest employees can report on certain OPPs and that an employee questionnaire can be used to assess organizational support. Given recent evidence that employee ratings of OPPs are predictive of injury/illness incidence, work disability and return-to-work outcomes, further research is needed to confirm these findings.     

The relationship between organizational policies and practices and work limitations among hospital patient care workers

Objective

We examined relationships between organizational policies and practices (OPPs) (safety practices, ergonomic practices, and people‐oriented culture) and work limitations in a sample of hospital workers.

Methods

We used the 6‐item Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) to assess workers’ perceptions of health‐related work limitations. Self‐reported OPPs and the WLQ were collected from workers in Boston, Massachusetts (n = 1277). We conducted random‐intercept multi‐level logistic regression models for each OPP using stepwise selection of covariates.

Results

As the unit‐average ergonomic practice score increased by one, the odds of a worker reporting work limitations decreased by approximately 39% (P‐value = 0.018), adjusted for job title, age, and body mass index. A similar relationship existed for people‐oriented culture (P‐value = 0.038). The association between safety practices and work limitations was similar, but not statistically significant.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the importance of workplace OPPs. OPPs that promote positive and supportive environments and that foster improvements in ergonomics may help reduce work limitations.

     

巯基乙酸的经皮毒性及诱变性研究

本文从急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和诱变性三个方面探讨了巯基乙酸的经皮毒效应。其大、小鼠经皮LD_(50)分别为926mg/kg和1210mg/kg;大鼠90天经皮染毒,试验组BUN含量高于对照组,光镜下,试验组睾丸的组织学结构有明显改变;枯草杆菌DNA重组试验、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变分析试验均获得阳性结果。     

绵阳市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量调查

[目的]了解绵阳市蔬菜中16种有机磷农药残留量及其分布规律,为制定切实有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户购买蔬菜样品,采用气相色谱法进行分析。[结果]蔬菜中有机磷农药残留超标率为30.7%,其中鲜豆类超标率为50%。16种农药中以甲基对硫磷超标率最高,为22%。3种不同来源蔬菜中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]绵阳市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留合格率不高,相关部门应采取切实有效的措施进行监督和检测。     

Sublethal genotoxicity and cell alterations by organophosphorus pesticides in MCF-7 cells: implications for environmentally relevant concentrations

Organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) toxicity is believed to be mediated through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Given their widespread distribution in aquatic systems and their ability to undergo chemical transformation, their environmental impacts at sublethal concentrations in nontarget organisms have become an important question. We conducted a number of mammalian-cell genotoxic and gene expression assays and examined cellular biochemical changes that followed low-dose exposure of MCF-7 cells to fenitrothion, diazinon, and the aqueous degradate of diazinon, 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMP). After exposure to the OPPs at low concentrations (10(-12) M to 10(-8) M), greater than twofold elevations in micronucleus formation were noted in MCF-7 cell cultures that went on to exhibit greater than 75% clonogenic survival; these levels of chromosomal damage were comparable to those induced by 10(-6) M benzo[a]pyrene, a known genotoxic agent. At this low concentration range, a fenitrothion-induced twofold elevation in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (CYP1A1) gene expressions was observed. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) of derived infrared (IR) spectra of vehicle control (nonexposed) and OPP-exposed cells highlighted that both fenitrothion and diazinon induced marked biochemical alterations in the lipid, protein, and DNA/RNA absorbance regions. Our findings demonstrate that the two OPP parent chemicals and IMP degradate can mediate a number of toxic effects or cellular alterations at very low concentrations. These are independent of just selective inhibition of AChE, with potential consequences for nontarget organisms exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations. Further assays on relevant aquatic organism cell lines are now recommended to understand the mechanistic low-dose toxicity of these chemicals present in aquatic systems.     

黄浦江上游水源水致突变性研究

运用Ａｍｅｓ试验、非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）试验研究了黄浦江上游水源水的致突变性。结果发现淀峰采样点水样致突变性为阴性，大桥采样点水样致突变性为弱阳性，临江采样点水样致突变性为阳性。提示黄浦江自来水取水口上移至大桥是必需的。     

Workplace Organizational Policies and Practices in Ontario Educational Facilities

BACKGROUND: Workplace organizational policies and practices (OPPs) play a pivotal role in managing injury and disability. This study identifies the workplace OPPs in Ontario's education sector. METHODS: OPPs were examined using a cross-sectional survey with 157 participants. The relationship among the type of school, workplace OPPs and injury and disability outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: Mean subscale scores (potential range 1-5) varied from 3.1 (SD, 1.0) to 4.2 (SD, 0.6) for all schools. Private schools scored lowest on measures of disability prevention, disability management, and corporate culture. Ergonomic practices and return to work initiatives were achieved less frequently than other OPPs for all schools. Higher scores on safety diligence were associated with lower injury and disability incidence (proportion of variance explained ranged from 10 to 23%). Higher scores on people-oriented culture were associated with lower disability incidence and duration (proportion of variance explained ranged from 7 to 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Public schools engage more often in workplace OPPs than private schools. Improved achievements on safety diligence and people-oriented culture practices predict reduced injury and disability outcomes.