杀虫剂对长江中下游地区水稻害虫田间防效

[目的]针对水稻害虫抗药性上升、化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2015年在长江中下游地区开展了具有不同作用机理的杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果研究。[结果]吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺对稻飞虱的防效较好,药后5、10 d的防效分别为80.3%、78.6%、81.9%和90.4%、86.0%、91.1%;异丙威、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫胺腈对白背飞虱防效明显优于褐飞虱,药后5、10 d的防效分别为90.7%、79.3%、92.6%和93.5%、98.3%、98.3%;毒死蜱、噻嗪酮对稻飞虱(褐飞虱、白背飞虱)防效较差,均低于79.2%。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效较好,药后21 d防效为80%以上;沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀虫单对二化螟残虫防效较差,防效为43.2%~72.7%;与氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效相比,有机磷类杀虫剂毒死蜱、三唑磷、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀螟丹、昆虫生长调节剂甲氧虫酰肼的防效有明显的差异,这可能与当地用药习惯和二化螟抗药性有关。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、缩氨基脲类杀虫剂茚虫威对稻纵卷叶螟保叶效果较好,药后14 d都在85%以上,有机磷类杀虫剂稻丰散保叶效果较差。[结论]建议水稻主要害虫防治,轮换使用吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺防治稻飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、乙酰甲胺磷防治二化螟,轮换使用双酰胺类、茚虫威防治稻纵卷叶螟。     

水稻病虫害防治优选哪些药剂?

正防治水稻二化螟、大螟,优先采用苏云金杆菌、金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421,化学药剂可选用氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、甲氧虫酰肼。防治稻飞虱,种子处理和带药移栽应用吡虫啉、噻虫嗪(不选用吡蚜酮,延缓其抗性发展);喷雾选用金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421、醚菊酯、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮。防治稻纵卷叶螟,优先选用苏云金杆菌、甘     

不同杀虫剂防治水稻褐飞虱田间药效评价

2013年对褐飞虱进行6种杀虫剂田间防治效果评价。结果表明:施药后5 d和10 d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC、20%呋虫胺SG、25%噻虫嗪WG、50%吡蚜酮WG对褐飞虱的防效分别为77.9%~90.9%和77.0%~90.5%,20%异丙威EC、25%噻嗪酮WP的防效分别为40.1%~65.9%和20.6%~49.9%。22%氟啶虫胺腈SC、20%呋虫胺SG、25%噻虫嗪WG、50%吡蚜酮WG防效较好。建议在实践中,轮换使用噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治褐飞虱。     

烯啶虫胺等13种杀虫剂对褐飞虱的室内毒力测定与评价

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了烯啶虫胺等13种药剂对褐飞虱的室内毒力。结果表明,属于超高效的杀虫剂有烯啶虫胺、氟虫腈、噻嗪酮,对3龄若虫5d的LC50分别为0.13、0.19、0.29mg/L;属于高效的药剂有吡虫啉、氯噻啉、阿维菌素、甲维盐、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、二嗪磷,对3龄若虫的LC50介于1～10mg/L之间;属于有效的药剂有毒死蜱、异丙威、吡蚜酮,对3龄若虫5d的LC50分别为14.68、22.13、28.07mg/L。根据药剂类型、作用方式、作用机制等,建议防治稻飞虱时首选烯啶虫胺、噻嗪酮、吡蚜酮等药剂。     

几种新烟碱类杀虫剂对褐飞虱的防效及用药技术研究

田间试验表明．10％烯啶虫胺AS、25％噻虫嗪WG和10％氯噻啉WP等三种新烟碱类杀虫剂防治五代褐飞虱,10％烯啶虫胺AS表现出良好的速效性和持效性,药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在83．3％～100％,25％噻虫嗪WG速效性较差但持效性理想．药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在55．9％～90％,10％氯噻啉WP防效不佳。对褐飞虱的防治技术进行了探讨,提出了褐飞虱的防治应贯彻“治前控后”的策略,做好药剂的交替使用,延缓褐飞虱抗药性的产生。     

几种药剂防治褐飞虱效果比较

选择毒死蜱、噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、氟虫腈等6种药剂进行了防治褐飞虱田间试验,结果表明,当前,氟虫腈、毒死蜱(高含量)、噻虫嗪和噻嗪酮对水稻褐飞虱防治效果较好,药后7～10d,平均校正防治效果达到81.9%～92.7%;褐飞虱对吡虫啉产生了极高抗药性,防治效果显著下降。     

烯啶虫胺和氯噻啉复配对褐飞虱的增效作用及田间防效

[目的]探究烯啶虫胺与氯噻啉复配的可行性，并明确其复配后对褐飞虱的增效作用及田间防效。[方法]室内测定烯啶虫胺、氯噻啉及其复配剂对褐飞虱3龄若虫的活性水平并进行田间防效试验。[结果]当烯啶虫胺与氯噻啉之间的有效成分配比为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1时，都表现为增效作用，且最佳配比为2∶1，共毒系数(CTC)达到159.61。田间防效试验表明：烯啶虫胺·氯噻啉(2∶1)混剂施药后7 d防效高达94.75%，明显优于50%烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂(79.12%)、40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂(70.73%)和3%啶虫脒微乳剂(70.54%)3种对照药剂。[结论]烯啶虫胺与氯噻啉按照2∶1进行复配具有明显的增效作用，并具有更好的田间防治效果。     

几种杀虫剂及其混剂对褐飞虱的毒力测定

采用药膜法测定了8种常用杀虫单剂及5种杀虫混剂对褐飞虱4龄若虫的室内毒力。结果表明:8种单剂对褐飞虱的毒力顺序为毒死蜱吡虫啉哒螨灵灭多威烯啶虫胺联苯菊酯啶虫脒吡蚜酮。5种混剂中,哒螨灵+吡虫啉1.5∶1、2∶1和哒螨灵+烯啶虫胺1.5∶1表现为增效作用,其中以哒螨灵+吡虫啉1.5∶1毒力最高;哒螨灵+吡虫啉1∶1、哒螨灵+啶虫脒、哒螨灵+烯啶虫胺1∶1、2∶1表现为相加作用;其它混剂表现为拮抗作用,其中哒螨灵+吡蚜酮1.5∶1毒力最低。     

氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验结果表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱的防效分别为89.3%、82.2%、83.4%,对灰飞虱的防效分别为90.1%、85.4%、86.2%.药后15 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、1.8%阿维菌素EC 1 500 mL/hm2和1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500 mL/hm2对稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为97.7%、87.2%、97.5%、98.1%,杀虫效果分别为98.8%、89.8%、100%、100%.示范试验表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2和48%毒死蜱EC 1200 mL/hm2对稻飞虱的防效分别为78.4%和76.9%;对纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为84%和80.7%,杀虫效果分别为87.6%和80.4%.阿维菌素·毒死蜱和毒死蜱可作为氟虫腈兼治稻飞虱和纵卷叶螟的替代药剂,吡蚜酮可作为氟虫腈防治稻飞虱的替代药剂,阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐可作为氟虫腈防治稻纵卷叶螟的替代药剂.并就几种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

先正达的Virtako在印度尼西亚表现出良好的性能

据先正达公司报道，该公司的杀虫剂Virtako（杜邦的氯虫酰胺＋噻虫嗪）自向印尼农民推广以来已受到了广泛的好评，在过去4个月里实现销售额为4500万美元。Virtako主要用于防治亚洲稻田中的害虫，它能对水稻叶片提供“安全、长效的保护”有效的防控辊（稻纵卷叶螟）、条纹螟虫（二化螟）和稻飞虱（褐飞虱）。     

Preparation of high peel strength and high anti-aging epoxy adhesive that used for bonding aluminum alloy without surface treatment

In the case of bonding of aluminum alloy, surface pretreatment have been widely adopted for adherends so as to achieve superior adhesive performance. However, the strict surface treatment of the aluminum alloy cannot be implemented without special equipment and the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and aging resistance of the common adhesives cannot meet the demand without surface treatment. Here, acrylic oligomer modified by carboxyl terminated organosilicon and nano alumina were used to modify an epoxy formulation based on a classical DGEBA monomer to produce a high peel strength epoxy adhesive that can be used without surface pretreatment. The peel strength and the shear strength of the adhesive could reach 7.18?N/cm and 18.75?MPa, respectively, and could be well maintained under ?70?°C and 100?°C. The novel adhesive also has good heat aging resistance, water resistance and artificial seawater resistance. SEM and XPS were used to investigate mechanism of aging resistance of modified adhesives without surface treatment.     

Development of a paté formulation basis on rainbow trout discards

An optimized formulation of pate was developed using rainbow trout discard with the employment ofTaguchi methodology, taking into account that the health-promoting benefits of this resource makes it a viable alternative as a functional foods to help consumers to get a healthy lifestyle. The optimization process utilizing Taguchi methodology was carried out in two phases. First, an orthogonal array L(8)2(7) with seven independent variables was chosen to select the control factors with a significant effect on the sensory quality (SQ). As a result, the following independent variables were selected: merkén pepper, sodium chloride, vegetal lard and margarine. In the second stage the L(9)3(4) orthogonal array was used. Data were analysed using differences between average values of factors according working levels, and also ANOVA, summing up that merken pepper, sodium chloride and margarine showed a significant effect (p > 0.05) on the SQ. Best combination turned to be: merkén 0.7%, sodium chloride 1.3%, vegetal lard 5.2% and margarine 5.2%. Among the chemical characteristics highlighted protein 13.8%, lipid 10.21%, caloric density 175 Kcal/100 g and cholesterol 46 mg/100 g. Shelf life study during a period of time of 6 weeks at 5 degrees C expressed as mesophyl aerobic count (MAC) and peroxide index were 1.6E+0.4 ufc/g and 8.44 meg O2/Kg respectively, both characteristics lower than the maximum limits allowed for chilean regulations. Concerning to the acceptability of the optimized product the hedonic test showed 91% approval and also 87% of consumers would be well disposed to buy this product.     

端-NCO支化聚酯/聚醚改性EP底涂剂制备及性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、支化聚酯/聚醚多元醇等为主要原料,制备了端-NCO支化聚酯/聚醚;然后以此为环氧树脂(EP)的增韧改性剂,制备端-NCO支化聚酯/聚醚改性EP底涂剂。研究了R值[即R=n(-NCO)/n(-OH)]、硅烷偶联剂用量等对该底涂剂的粘接性能、表干时间、耐水性能和冲击性能等影响。结果表明:当R值为2.0、w(硅烷偶联剂)=2%时,该底涂剂的综合性能相对最好;此时底涂剂的表干时间(3.0 min)相对最短、底涂剂与基材之间的粘接强度(>3 MPa)相对最高且耐水性能(浸水后粘接强度降幅仅为4.68%)相对最好。     

非保护胶体稳定醋叔丙乳液及其乳胶漆耐擦洗性能的研究

通过乳液聚合法,使用叔碳酸乙烯酯类及丙烯酸酯类单体对醋酸乙烯酯进行改性共聚,以改善醋酸乙烯酯聚合物的缺点。在聚合过程中不使用传统的保护胶体,而采用乳化剂稳定技术制备了一种小粒径的醋叔丙(醋酸乙烯酯/叔碳酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸酯)乳液,并研究了其用于内墙高PVC(颜料体积浓度)乳胶漆时单体组成、乳液粒径、功能单体等因素对耐擦洗性能的影响。结果表明成功地开发了一种小粒径非保护胶体稳定的醋叔丙乳液,可以满足高PVC经济环保内墙乳胶漆乳液高耐擦洗性能要求。     

A fracture analysis of cathodic delamination at polyurea/steel interfaces

A fracture mechanics approach to accelerated life testing of cathodic delamination between steel and polyurea is presented. This required the hyperelastic behavior of the polyurea to be described by the Marlow model based on uniaxial tension and plane strain compression tests. Time-dependence was also considered but could be neglected if proper test protocols were followed in cathodic delamination tests using a strip blister specimen. The variation of J-integral with specimen geometry and loading parameter was obtained, which allowed the resistance to cathodic delamination to be expressed in terms the J-integral and the crack speeds obtained from the tests at several temperatures. The approach established that both temperature and stress can be used to accelerate the cathodic delamination, thereby providing a quantitative and rational basis for conducting accelerated testing. In addition, the discriminating nature of the approach for design purposes was exemplified by quantitatively establishing differences in the delamination resistance of three surface treatments.     

二段硫化对聚丙烯酸酯橡胶结构与性能的影响

用Ｘ射线能量分散谱仪研究了活性氯型聚丙烯酸酯橡胶（ＡＣＭ）在二段硫化过程中氯元素和硫元素质量分数的变化及二段硫化条件对ＡＣＭ的物理性能、耐热老化性、耐热油老化性、压缩永久变形性的影响。结果表明：二段硫化过程中，橡胶中氯质量分数不断减小，硫质量分数先升后降，交联键中的多硫键转变为双硫键、单硫键或碳碳键，交联结构趋于稳定；二段硫化可改善体系的耐热性、耐热油性及耐压缩永久变形性。     

利用综合热分析仪研究橱柜用亚克力板材的耐热性

采用ZRY-2P型高温综合热分析仪,选用动态模式,对两个厂家的九种橱柜用亚克力板材在50～600℃下进行了热分解测试.结果表明添加剂的增加会改善亚克力板材耐热性,各个厂家的板材中的添加剂种类有所不同,同一厂家的不同饭材,添加剂也会有所不同,九种板材中耐热性最差在159.2℃开始分解,对于普通厨房可以使用,但应避免与高温...     

Drag resistance of ship hulls: effects of surface roughness of newly applied fouling control coatings,coating water absorption,and welding seams

Fouling control coatings (FCCs) and irregularities (e.g., welding seams) on ship hull surfaces have significant effects on the overall drag performance of ships. In this work, skin frictions of four newly applied FCCs were compared using a pilot-scale rotary setup. Particular attention was given to the effects of coating water absorption on skin friction. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of welding seam height and density (number of welding seams per five meters of ship side) on drag resistance, a new flexible rotor was designed and used for experimentation. It was found, under the conditions selected, that a so-called fouling release (FR) coating caused approximately 5.6% less skin friction (torque) over time than traditional biocide-based antifouling (AF) coatings at a tangential speed of 12 knots. Furthermore, results of immersion experiments and supporting “standard” water absorption experiments showed that water absorption of the FR coating did not result in any significant impacts on skin friction. On the other hand, water absorption was found to actually lower the skin friction of AF coatings. This may be attributed to a smoothening of the coating surface. The effects of welding seam height and density on drag resistance were found to be substantial when welding seam height is above 5 mm, especially at high tangential speeds (above 15 knots). Using an interpolation approach, the pilot-scale welding seam drag data could be used to estimate the drag resistance at approximated full-scale conditions, equivalent to about one welding seam per five meters of ship side. It was shown, in this case, that the contribution of welding seams to ship skin friction could very well be less significant than those of FCCs when the welding seam height is below 5 mm, a representative value for full-scale welding seam height.     

双组分聚氨酯涂料用改性醇酸树脂的研究

采用不同改性的短油度醇酸树脂作甲组分,异氰酸酯预聚物作乙组分,配制双组分聚氨酯涂料,探讨甲组分对双组分聚氨酯涂料性能的影响。结果表明,椰子油改性短油度醇酸树脂,颜色水白、耐黄变性能和丰满度好,可以作为高档的亮光清面漆、耐黄变的面漆用树脂;蓖麻油改性短油度醇酸树脂,颜色较深、丰满度较好、干燥速度慢及柔韧性好,可以作为普通的亮光面漆用树脂;豆油改性短油度醇酸树脂,干燥速度较快,应用于底漆和哑光面漆;合成脂肪酸改性短油度醇酸树脂,颜色水白、流平好、干燥速度慢、丰满度高及硬度高,可以作为高档的亮光面漆用树脂。     

耐水性木材用脲醛粘合剂的研究

研究了改进胶合板用脲醛粘合剂的耐水性的方法。针对脲醛粘合剂耐水性低的原因,提出在胶液中添加碱性物质——耐水添加剂,可显著改善胶合板的耐水性,几种添加剂并用,胶合板可达一级耐水板的水平。