杨梅素固体分散体的制备以及体外溶出试验

目的运用固体分散技术制备杨梅素固体分散体并提高其体外溶出速率。方法选用PEG6000和PVPK30为载体,采用溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备杨梅素固体分散体,采用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定,并进行溶解度、体外溶出试验。结果两种载体的固体分散体均能增加药物的溶解度和溶出速率,杨梅素在载体中以高度分散状态存在。结论以PVPK30为载体的杨梅素固体分散体体外溶解度和溶出速率明显提高。杨梅素固体分散体能显著提高杨梅素的溶出速率。     

橙皮苷固体分散体的制备及其表征

目的:制备橙皮苷固体分散体(HD-SD),改善溶解度。方法:以体外溶出度为指标,通过单因素试验,筛选最优质的制备工艺;建立体外溶出度测定方法,测定HD-SD的体外溶出度;利用HPLC测定HD-SD中橙皮苷的含量;考察固体分散体系的制备方法、载体种类、溶剂种类、药物-载体质量比例对HD-SD制备工艺的影响,并进行验证。通过以上实验考察,可以得到HD-SD的最佳制备工艺。结果:以溶剂-熔融法,采用无水乙醇作为溶剂,羟丙基β环糊精为载体,药载比为1:3,制备HD-SD。此工艺制备的HD-SD在PH7.4磷酸缓冲液中溶出效果最佳。可以得出以羟丙基β环糊精为载体材料,橙皮苷与载体质量比为1:3制备成的橙皮苷固体分散体系能够改善其溶解度,提高生物利用率。结论:以羟丙基β环糊精为载体材料制备成橙皮苷固体分散体可以改善其溶解性能,加快其溶出速率。     

米非司酮固体分散体的制备及性质研究

目的:增加米非司酮的溶解度和体外溶出速率,为阴道环的成功制备奠定基础。方法:以PVPK30为载体,采用溶剂法制备米非司酮固体分散体。考察其体外溶出特性,并采用差示扫描量热法、红外光谱法和粉末X-射线衍射法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果:固体分散体大大提高了米非司酮的溶出速率,最佳比例为1∶3。药物在分散体中以无定型状态存在。结论:溶剂法制备的固体分散体可显著提高药物的溶出速率,从而提高了阴道环中药物的释放量。     

微管蛋白抑制剂SUD-35固体分散体的制备、鉴定及初步体外药效学研究

目的将难溶性微管蛋白抑制剂SUD-35制备成固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及溶出速率。方法以聚乙二醇6000为载体,溶剂-熔融法制备SUD-35固体分散体。采用差示扫描量热分析与X-射线衍射观察药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行溶解度和体外溶出度研究。采用MTT法对SUD-35固体分散体对小鼠白血病L1210细胞药效进行测定。结果 SUD-35固体分散体中SUD-35的溶解度和溶出速率相对原料药和物理混合物均有明显提高,差示扫描量热分析与X-射线衍射结果显示SUD-35以无定型状态存在于固体分散体中,细胞药效结果显示SUD-35固体分散体对小鼠白血病L1210细胞增殖抑制率强于SUD-35纯药。结论聚乙二醇6000为载体制备SUD-35固体分散体,可显著提高SUD-35的溶解度及溶出速率。     

蒙花苷固体分散体的制备及其性质研究

目的 将蒙花苷制备成固体分散体,提高其体外溶出度。方法 分别以不同辅料为载体,采用溶剂法、熔融法或溶剂–熔融法制备蒙花苷固体分散体,以蒙花苷的体外溶出度为指标,考察蒙花苷固体分散体的最佳处方和制备工艺。并采用差示热分析法和X射线粉末衍射法对蒙花苷固体分散体物相进行表征。结果 蒙花苷与聚乙二醇6000质量比为1∶9,采用熔融法制备的固体分散体的体外溶出最好。结论 以聚乙二醇6000为载体制备的蒙花苷固体分散体可以显著提高蒙花苷的体外溶出度,且以过饱和的固态溶液或无定型状态均匀分布在载体中。     

普罗布考固体分散体的制备及体内评价

普罗布考分别以PEG6000、PEG12000和PVP为载体,以不同配比、采用溶剂-熔融法或溶剂法制备固体分散体。结果表明,以PVP为载体制备的固体分散体(药物-PVP,1∶5)体外溶出效果较好,并进行了家兔体内生物利用度试验和大鼠在体肠回流试验。计算得固体分散体对原药的相对生物利用度约558%,其肠吸收与原药有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

盐酸溴己新固体分散体制备及体外溶出实验

目的制备盐酸溴己新（BH）固体分散体并研究其体外溶出度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为载体,采用喷雾干燥法制备难溶性药物盐酸溴己新固体分散体,并进行体外溶出实验。结果制备成的固体分散体能显著提高盐酸溴己新的体外溶出速率,PVPk-15载体的固体分散体溶出较PVPk-30载体的固体分散体快。随着PVPk-15载体比例增加,固体分散体的溶出先增大后减小,BH-PVPk-15为1∶5时的固体分散体具有良好的体外速释作用。结论将盐酸溴己新制成固体分散体能明显提高其溶解度及体外释放速率。     

卡维地洛固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出度的测定

目的 :制备卡维地洛固体分散体 ,提高其溶解度和溶速率。方法 :以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)、聚乙二醇 -6000(PEG -6000)为载体 ,以溶剂法和熔融法制备固体分散体 ,并进行体外溶出度研究。结果 :载体比例越大 ,药物溶出愈快 ;载体比例愈小 ,差异愈显著。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG -6000的固体分散体。结论 :本试验所制卡维地洛固体分散体能加速体外溶出 ,提高生物利用度 ,可用于制备高效制剂     

姜黄素固体分散体的制备和溶出度考察

目的通过姜黄素固体分散体的制备,提高姜黄素的体外溶出度。方法采用溶剂法和熔融法制备固体分散体,考察不同载体的姜黄素固体分散体的性状及体外溶出度实验,筛选并优化处方和工艺。固体分散体的形成通过X-射线衍射及DSC分析证实。结果姜黄素与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone,PVP)-K29/32用溶剂法制备的固体分散体的体外溶出最好,最优处方中姜黄素与PVP-K29/32的质量比为1∶6,最优处方中姜黄素在溶出介质人工胃液中30 min累积溶出质量高达98%。结论制备成姜黄素固体分散体可以显著提高姜黄素的体外溶出度。     

固体分散体技术改善吴茱萸次碱溶出特性的研究

目的:制备吴茱萸次碱(Rut)固体分散体,提高Rut体外溶出度.方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为载体,采用溶剂-共沉淀法,制备含不同辅助载体的Rut固体分散体;采用差示热分析和X-射线衍射分析对固体分散体进行物相鉴别,并进行体外溶出度试验;考察载体用量、载体中表面活性剂的加入和不同溶出介质对药物溶出特性的影响.结果:Rut以微晶形式存在于固体分散体中;其中,以微粉硅胶和乳糖为辅助载体制备的Rut-PVP-微粉硅胶(1∶2∶1)和Rut-PVP-乳糖(1∶2∶2)固体分散体,其累积溶出度较其物理混合物提高了约6倍.结论:Rut-PVP-微粉硅胶(1∶2∶1)和Rut-PVP-乳糖(1∶2∶2)固体分散体可显著提高药物的溶出速度和程度.     

A novel surface-attached carvedilol solid dispersion with enhanced solubility and dissolution

A novel surface-attached, spray-dried solid dispersion containing poorly water-soluble carvedilol (CV) without any change in the crystallinity was prepared using water, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and Tween 80. The solid dispersion was optimized by investigating the effects of the weight ratios of Tween 80/PVP K30 and carrier/drug on the aqueous solubility of CV. The optimum solid dispersion consisted of a relatively low carrier to drug weight ratio: the weight ratio of CV/PVP K30/Tween 80 was 12/4/2. Unlike conventional methods of solid dispersion preparation, this method yielded CV-loaded solid dispersion with no change in the crystallinity of the drug as was evident from SEM, DSC and XRD. It was demonstrated that the solid dispersions prepared had hydrophilic carriers attached to the surface of the drug, thus changing it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic form without changing the crystalline form. The optimized solid dispersion improved the drug solubility and dissolution rate by about 11,500-fold and twofold, respectively. It was further suggested that this method of solid dispersion preparation is better than conventional methods in terms of environmental and industrial standpoints. Thus, it was concluded that CV-loaded solid dispersion prepared using this method would be of use for delivering poorly water-soluble CV with enhanced solubility and dissolution, but without crystalline changes.     

格列喹酮固体分散体的制备及溶出度测定

目的:制备格列喹酮固体分散体并考察其体外溶出性。方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG)为载体,溶剂熔融法和溶剂法制备格列喹酮固体分散体,并与原料药比较体外溶出度。结果:载体比例越大,药物溶出愈快。载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出行为总体优于载体为PEG者。格列喹酮-PVP固体分散体(1∶7)10min内体外溶出度达到70%以上,优于格列喹酮原料药。结论:成功制备了格列喹酮固体分散体。     

Poly(2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline) as an Alternative to Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) in Solid Dispersions for Solubility and Dissolution Rate Enhancement of Drugs

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX), a biocompatible polymer considered as pseudopolypeptide, was introduced as a potential alternative to the commonly used polymer, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) for the preparation of solid dispersion with a poorly soluble drug. Glipizide (GPZ), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II model drug, was selected for solubility and dissolution rate study. GPZ-polymer solid dispersions and physical mixtures were characterized and investigated by X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The impact of polymers on crystal nucleation kinetics was studied, and PEOX exhibited strong inhibitory effect compared with PVP. Solubility and dissolution behavior of the prepared solid dispersions and their physical blends were in vitro examined and evaluated. A significant enhancement in GPZ solubility was obtained with PEOX compared with the pure drug and solid dispersion with PVP. A big improvement in the intrinsic dissolution rate (45 times) and dissolved amount of GPZ (58 times) was achieved with PEOX in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid, against comparable enhancement observed with PEOX and PVP in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Lower molecular weight of PEOX-5K (5000 g/mol) was found to be superior to higher molecular weight PEOX-50K (50,000 g/mol) in the improvement of dissolution behavior. The findings of this study with GPZ as a model drug introduce lower molecular weight PEOX as a promising polymeric carrier toward better oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

卡维地洛固体分散体的初步研制

目的:制备卡维地洛固体分散体并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的混合物(2∶1、1∶2)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法和共沉淀法制备载体与药物不同比例的固体分散体并比较其体外溶出度。结果:药物溶出度随载体比例增加而增加;载体与药物比例越小,固体分散体与药物原料粉之间溶出度差异越显著;PEG∶PVP(1∶2)所制分散体体外溶出行为较优,以3、10、30、60min时溶出百分率进行比较,固体分散体是药物原料粉的3～8倍。结论:所制卡维地洛固体分散体能增加药物体外溶出度。     

Development of raloxifene-solid dispersion with improved oral bioavailability via spray-drying technique

The purpose of this study was to develop a raloxifene-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced dissolution rate and bioavailability via spray-drying technique. Solid dispersions of raloxifene (RXF) were prepared with PVP K30 at weight ratios of 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8 using a spray-drying method, and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and solubility and dissolution tests. The bioavailability of the solid dispersion in rats was also evaluated compared to those of RXF powder and commercial product. Results showed that the RXF-loaded solid dispersion was in amorphous form with increased solubility and dissolution rate. The absorption of RXF from solid dispersion resulted in approximately 2.6-fold enhanced bioavailability compared to pure drug. Moreover, RXF-loaded solid dispersion gave similar AUC, C_max and T_max values to the commercial product, suggesting that it was bioequivalent to the commercial product in rats. These findings suggest that an amorphous solid dispersion of RXF could be a viable option for enhancing the oral bioavailability of RXF.     

Enhanced solubility and permeability of exemestane solid dispersion powders for improved oral delivery

The aim of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility of exemestane (EXM), by solid dispersion (SD) technique using PEG 6000 as a carrier. Phase solubility studies were conducted with PEG 6000 and PEG 20000 to evaluate the effect of carriers on aqueous solubility of EXM. The aqueous solubility of EXM was favoured with PEG 6000 compared to PEG 20000. SDs of EXM using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) as carrier were prepared in different drug to carrier ratios. Solid-state characterization indicated decrease in crystallinity of the drug. The in vitro dissolution rate of EXM was enhanced from both SDs and tablet formulations prepared using SD compared to pure EXM. The in situ permeability studies investigated using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique in rats revealed increase in effective intestinal permeability (P_eff, cm/s) by 4.45 folds with SDs. Thus, EXM-PEG 6000 SDs showed improved solubility and permeability.     

丹参酮ⅡA固体分散体制备工艺研究

目的研究减压干燥法制备丹参酮ⅡA-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30（PVPK30）固体分散体的最佳工艺。方法采用减压干燥法制备,正交试验优化,以丹参酮ⅡA为检测指标,用高效液相色谱法进行体外溶出度的测定。结果制备丹参酮ⅡA-PVPK30固体分散体的最佳工艺为用5倍量的载体、4倍量的粮食酒精溶解,减压干燥1h。丹参酮ⅡA的体外溶出百分比为60.1%。结论用减压干燥法成功制备了丹参酮ⅡA-PVPK30固体分散体,该固体分散体对丹参酮ⅡA有很好的增溶效果。     

Effect of physiochemical variables on phase solubility and dissolution behavior of indomethacin solid dispersion system

To study the influence of temperature and pH on solubility and dissolution behavior of indomethacin solid dispersions were prepared using several classes of hydrophilic carriers. Investigations on dissolution of indomethacin in binary system are reported earlier. However the phase solubility and dissolution behavior at different pH and temperature left void. The present investigation includes: phase solubility study at various pH; preparation of solid dispersion by solvent evaporation, melting and kneading method; characterization of various blends by dissolution study, and solid state studies to ensure interaction of drug with carrier. The binding between drug and carriers (PVP K30, βCD and PEG) was explained by thermodynamic parameters as calculated from phase solubility study. Indomethacin in association with PVP K30 showed very high apparent binding constant (Ka) and Gibb’s free energy change (?G) in comparison to other blends. The ternary system (drug:βCD:PVP K30, 1:5:1) showed better dissolution of about 80.97 and 99 % at pH 7.2 after 5 and 30 min respectively. At higher proportion of carrier (1:9) in binary solid dispersion of drug and PVP K30, drug dissolution was 96.23 and 97.85 % after 5 and 30 min respectively. This raised solubility of indomethacin would be helpful in designing a dosage form.     

The Twofold Advantage of the Amorphous Form as an Oral Drug Delivery Practice for Lipophilic Compounds: Increased Apparent Solubility and Drug Flux Through the Intestinal Membrane

The purposes of this study were to assess the efficiency of different nifedipine amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in achieving and maintaining supersaturation and to investigate the solubility–permeability interplay when increasing the apparent solubility via ASD formulations. Spray-dried ASDs of nifedipine in three different hydrophilic polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS), copovidone, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The ability of these formulations to achieve and maintain supersaturation over 24 h was assessed. Then, nifedipine’s apparent intestinal permeability was investigated as a function of increasing supersaturation in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay model and in the single-pass rat intestinal perfusion model. The efficiency of the different ASDs to achieve and maintain supersaturation of nifedipine was found to be highly polymer dependent; while a dispersion in HPMC-AS enabled supersaturation 20× that of the crystalline aqueous solubility, a dispersion in copovidone enabled 10×, and PVP allowed supersaturation of only 5× that of the crystalline solubility. Nifedipine flux across the intestine from supersaturated solutions was increased, and the apparent intestinal permeability was constant, irrespective of the degree of supersaturation or the polymer being used. In conclusion, while with other solubility-enabling approaches (e.g., surfactants, cyclodextrins, cosolvents), it is not enough to increase the apparent solubility, but to strike the optimal solubility–permeability balance, which limits the chances for successful drug delivery, the amorphous form emerges as a more advantageous strategy, in which higher apparent solubility (i.e., supersaturation) will be readily translated into higher drug flux and overall absorption.