手术室护士的职业危害与防范

目的：探讨手术室工作中的不良因素对手术室护士造成的自射危害及针对这些危害所采取的防护措施，使手术室护士在绿色环境中以最佳的精神状态来工作，以便更好地服务于病人。方法：手术室护士通过学习科学知识，按照“绿色医院”的建院标准，采取了有效的方法及自我防护措施。结果：通过对手术室危害因素的防范措施的实施，减轻了护理人员来自心理，生理及社会等各方面带来的危害，使她们在繁忙的工作中，享有乐趣，从业务水平，技术操作和个人思想上都有了大幅度的提高，同时，也提高了工作效率。结论：消除了工作中的多种不良因素，使手术室护士在工作中心理处于最佳状态，轻松、圆满地完成了本职工作。     

两种中药合剂对悬吊大鼠生理防护效应的初步观察

目的：观察两种中药合剂对模拟失重大鼠血液循环，肌肉、骨骼系统的影响。方法：比较4组大鼠（对照组，悬吊组，中药1组，中药2组，n=15)在30d实验后血循环，肌肉，骨骼系统各项生理指标的变化。结果：两种中药合剂具有明显改善模拟失重鼠血循环的作用，对骨骼和肌肉系统也有一定的改善作用。结论：中药作为失重的防护措施是可行的，应进一步研究。     

提高老年疗养员生活质量的措施探讨

目的探讨健康干预对老年人生活质量的影响。方法在15天的疗养期内,通过各种干预措施对老年疗养员的生活习惯,心理问题等进行合理的干预。结果老年疗养员的健康状况、日常生活习惯、社会交往、心理状况均有明显的改善。结论疗养院护士应充分认识提高老年人生活质量的重要性,不断学习新的服务模式,建立完善的服务体系,改善老年人不良的生活习惯和心理问题,提高生活质量。     

护士工作压力源的分析及对策

护士受心理、生理及社会因素的影响而产生的压力，直接影响到对患者的护理质量；必须通过各种有效的方法，解除或减轻压力，保障护理人员的身心健康，更好的提高工作效率。2004年9月我院对200名护理人员进行了工作压力源的调查。并采取了相应的措施，现介绍如下：     

固尔苏治疗新生儿肺透明膜病（附36例疗效观察）

目的：观察固尔苏治疗新生儿肺透明膜病（HMD）的疗效和探讨其相应的护理措施。方法：对36例生后确诊为新生儿肺透明膜病的患儿使用固尔苏，观察治疗前后患儿临床症状及血气，肺氧合指标和呼吸机参数的变化，并采取相应的护理措施。结果：患儿用药后缺氧症状明显改善，氧合指标均较用药前明显改善。结论：固尔苏能快速、有效地改善新生儿肺透明膜病患儿的肺功能及临床症状，用药过程中严格无菌操作，注意呼吸道管理及体位护理，适时调整呼吸机参数是减少感染及并发症的重要措施。     

综合内科护士的心理健康状况分析

本文对小型医院综合内科护士心理状况的影响因素与对策进行了分析。认为综合内科护士心理状况与工作责任重、繁忙，防护措施不力，经常接受垂危和死亡刺激及工作环境嘈杂，缺乏心理培训等因素有关，应采取针对性管理措施为之减压，以提高护士身心健康的同时提高护理质量。     

急性心肌梗塞重组链激酶早期溶栓血液流变学研究

目的：观察急性心肌梗塞重组链酶早期静脉溶栓前后血液流变学变化，探讨其探讨变化规律，为临床诊断，治疗提供依据。方法：对36例急笥心肌梗塞患早期重组链激酶溶栓，分别于溶栓开始前，溶栓治疗后3小时采血样进行血液流变学检查。结果：急性心肌梗塞患的各项血流变学指标晚均明显异常，重组链激酶早期静脉栓后各项血液流变指标均明显改善，尤以纤维蛋白原，血小板聚集率，凝血酶原时间，红细胞刚性指数为。结论：重组链激酶在急性心肌硬塞早期静脉栓治疗方面，能明显改善血液流变学各项异常指标，对缩小梗塞面积，恢复心肌灌注，减少并发症，防止梗塞后心绞痛及再梗塞的发生，改善预后具有十分重要的作用。     

动态绩效管理在护理管理中的应用

目的探讨适合护理工作特点的管理模式。方法采用护士长、医生、病人综合评价与护士工作量自评相结合的方法,制定考评细则,根据各项工作落实情况动态调整各项目的分值,每月汇总一次,综合考察护士的整体素质和行为表现。结果实行动态绩效管理后,护士工作的积极性和主动性明显提高,各项护理质量指标均显著升高。结论在护理工作中实行动态绩效管理,有利于提高护理质量和护士素质。     

汶川抗震救灾卫生防疫措施与体会

目的总结抗震救灾中卫生防疫工作措施，为应对特大自然灾害防疫工作环节总结经验，提供借鉴。方法根据汶川地震灾区卫生防疫工作实践，进行回顾性总结分析。结果总结出几条防疫措施。结论对于突发事件的卫生防疫工作采取各项预防措施都是有效和必要的，对今后应对各种突发事件的卫生防疫工作具有借鉴意义。     

助产士与普通外科护士心理健康状况比较

目的了解助产士心理健康状况,寻找影响助产士健康状况的因素。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS),对35名助产士和47名普通外科病房护士进行调查分析。结果助产士群体中SDS均值为48.03±9.45,高于普通外科病房护士的44.12±9.79(P<0.01);抑郁症状发生率41.5%,高于普通外科病房护士的27.3%(P<0.05)。结论助产士抑郁症状发生率明显高于普通外科病房护理人员;产房工作特点和工作环境是影响护士心理健康的主要原因。     

四肢战伤高发生率、高伤残率特点及致残原因分析

 目的 分析四肢战伤发生率高、伤残率高的特点及其致残原因,提出战时四肢伤救治的措施。方法 以国内外既往十余次战争中发生的四肢战伤资料为研究对象,应用文献调研、专家咨询、统计描述、逻辑学归纳等方法,研究既往战争中四肢战伤发生率高、死亡率低、伤残率高的特点。结果 提出了减少四肢战伤伤残率的卫勤措施,包括强化火线抢救的时效性、早期进行伤道清创等。结论 有助于降低四肢战伤的致残率,恢复部队战斗力具有参考价值。     

汶川地震伤员不同救治时期伤口感染情况分析

目的 探讨如何降低地震灾害后伤员伤口感染率及伤肢截肢率. 方法 分析汶川地震后前方、后方医院收治伤员592例的伤口感染情况及治疗效果. 结果 伤后8 h以内送达前方医院的伤员,开放性伤口感染率为30.7%.伤后8 h以后送达前方医院者,开放性伤口感染率为79.9%.其中因气性坏疽截肢1例(0.17%),其他严重感染截肢5例(1.2%).闭合性损伤行择期手术后伤口感染率为7.1%.送达后方医院的伤员,开放性伤口均已在现场急救时或前方医院早期行清创、抗感染等治疗,其伤口感染率为50.8%,无截肢或在前方医院已经截肢.闭合性损伤者,行择期手术后伤口感染率为0.前、后方医院伤口感染主要细菌种类为粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌等常见细菌.混合感染者多于单细菌感染,G-菌感染者多于G+菌感染.大部分感染伤口经敏感抗生素治疗后,感染得到有效控制. 结论 地震后开放性损伤伤员的伤口感染率高,因严重感染导致的截肢率高,在不同救治时期,均应该尽快彻底清创、早期抗感染后行外固定治疗,减少内固定.闭合性损伤伤员在前方医院择期手术后感染率明显高于后方医院.因此,在生命征平稳时应尽量送到后方医院治疗,可降低伤口感染率.     

Postprocedure clinical management for the interventional radiologist

Interventional procedures for oncology patients are being used more frequently in the front line and palliative setting. It is important that interventional radiologists familiarize themselves with some of the frequently encountered symptoms and potential complications and develop guidelines to help manage and sometimes prevent these complications from occurring. Unfortunately, there is not much data to support various supportive measures specifically for the post-procedural patient. However, by extrapolating the information available for the management of systemic chemotherapy patients, as well as discussing the steps that can be taken to avoid certain complications like acute renal failure, we as oncologists and interventional radiologists can better care for this unique and often complicated patient population.     

Army personnel satisfaction in different settings of primary health care clinics

PURPOSE: To analyze patient satisfaction in Israeli Defense Forces primary care clinics (PCCs), and to compare different satisfaction indices that best correlate with general satisfaction index. METHODS: Large-scale patient satisfaction survey throughout all PCCs, classified as active front clinics, training schools clinics, and home front clinics. RESULTS: Participants (5,103) filled out standardized questionnaires. Patients in active front clinics were more satisfied with their PCCs than in the other two settings. Patients showed the highest satisfaction level in the environment questions and the lowest satisfaction level in the accessibility questions. In training school clinics and home front clinics, accessibility questions were most important, whereas in active front clinics, health outcome questions prevailed. CONCLUSIONS: Overall patient satisfaction is the highest in active front clinics, lower in training school clinics, and lowest in home front clinics. Accessibility is the most important factor in patient satisfaction in training school and home front units, and is less important in active front units.     

Battle fatigue intervention: a vital role for nursing.

From both a strategic military point of view and in terms of the potential for long-term psychiatric disability, the impact of battle fatigue is extremely significant. Using the basic management principles of Brevity, Immediacy, Centrality, Expectancy, Proximity, and Simplicity, all members of the health team can provide successful intervention, returning as many as 80% of battle fatigue casualties to combat. These intervention techniques can be mastered by members of all specialties, not just mental health providers. With its health education mission, professional nursing has the distinct opportunity to take a leading role in educating, not just the medics and corpsmen who will most likely be the first to encounter battle fatigue casualties, but the line community as well. It is the line commanders who can institute preventive measures to minimize the risk of battle fatigue as well as recognize early signs and initiate intervention. This paper examines the many aspects of battle fatigue from contributing factors to management principles to prevention to assist professional nurses in understanding and carrying out their role.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前心理干预护理的效果评价

目的探讨手术室对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者实施心理干预的效果。方法将130例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为实验组与对照组各65例。对照组由病房护士提供常规的心理护理。实验组除接受常规的心理护理外,术前由手术室护士提供有针对性的心理干预。比较两组患者干预前后的焦虑值、心率、血压及对手术麻醉相关知识的认知程度。结果实验组焦虑值、心率、血压显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,对手术麻醉相关知识的认知程度也明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论手术室术前心理干预可缓解患者焦虑情绪,稳定血压和心率,提高患者对手术麻醉相关知识的认知程度,手术室心理干预效果优于常规心理护理。     

Correlations between physiological parameters and performance in elite ten-pin bowlers.

The increasing acceptance of ten-pin bowling as a sport, as well as the keen competition amongst bowlers, necessitates the identification of performance indicators to aid training. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if age, height, weight, aerobic power index, bowling grip strength, 10-RM leg press performance, and the sit-and-reach distance correlated with bowling performance in 42 elite bowlers (26 males and 16 females). At the same time, the physiological profiles of bowlers classified as heavy ball strokers, heavy ball crankers, and light ball spinners were compared. The results showed that for the male bowlers, none of the parameters correlated with performance, while for the female bowlers, the only parameter that correlated with performance was the aerobic power index. Bowlers using the three different releases had similar anthropometric and physiological profiles. The implications from this study are that bowlers of diverse age and build can be equally competitive in the sport; that aerobic capacity (as reflected by the aerobic power index) may, to a certain extent, contribute to bowling performance; and that strength and flexibility measures do not seem to be useful performance indicators amongst elite bowlers.     

The normal and abnormal genu of the corpus callosum: an evolutionary,embryologic, anatomic,and MR analysis.

PURPOSETo define the normal and abnormal genu of the corpus callosum by examining its evolution and embryology and by analyzing its normal and abnormal appearance on MR images.METHODSA reference line was drawn from the mamillary body through the anterior commissure and corpus callosum-the MAC line. This line was used to evaluate the genu in adult mammal brains, in human fetal brains, on MR images of 1800 patients with normal corpora callosi, and on MR images of 113 patients with callosal anomalies.RESULTSIn primates, increased frontal lobe size is associated with an anteriorly shifted genu. In human fetal development, the anterior body of the corpus callosum develops before the definitive genu. The normal human genu always projects in front of the MAC line. In none of the 113 patients with callosal anomalies was there only a normal genu.CONCLUSIONSThe human corpus callosum develops bidirectionally, not from front to back. The MAC line is a useful frame of reference to study the evolution and embryology of the genu and to distinguish the normal from the abnormal genu of the human corpus callosum.     

Physiological arousal among women veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

The purpose of this study was to assess baseline physiological arousal in women veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nonresearch setting. Heart rate, blood pressure, sublingual temperature, and weight were obtained from a retrospective chart review of the medical records of 92 women veterans with and without a diagnosis of PTSD who were seen in an outpatient Veterans Affairs medical center. Women veterans with PTSD had statistically significantly higher mean baseline heart rates compared with women veterans without PTSD. The two groups did not differ statistically in blood pressure measures, sublingual temperature, or body mass index. Based on our analyses, this difference is not likely to be an artifact of age, race, body mass index, smoking status, or medication. The mean resting heart rate of women with PTSD was 83.9 beats per minute; it was 77.5 beats per minute in those without PTSD. This elevation in heart rate among women veterans with PTSD suggests an increase in baseline physiological arousal compared with women veterans without PTSD. Faster resting heart rate has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension and a greater incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in non-PTSD samples. Further research is needed to determine the physiological effects of PTSD in women.     

表面肌电信号的复杂度特征研究

目的 电子运动神经系统本质上是一个高度非线性的动力学系统，尝试提取肌电信号的非线性动力学信息作用信号的特征。方法 采用一种算法简单、适合短数据运算的复杂度算法，提取双通道表面肌电信号的复杂信息来反映运动神经系统运动的复杂程度。结果 比较了４种闪臂动作信号的复杂度人有很好的分离性。结论 该算法能够满足实时处理的要求，作为一种新的肌电信号量化特性，复杂度指标为生理与病理分析、运动模式分类提供了新的思路