珠海发电厂三菱700 MW汽轮机启动过程及应力分析

珠海发电厂第一期1号、2号机组采用日本三菱700MW凝汽式汽轮机，借助于先进的监控系统和管理经验，在不增加机组的寿命损耗的前提下，可明显在缩短启动时间。鉴此，介绍了机组的启动特性，结合某次实际冷态启动过程，利用有限元方法校核计算了高中压转子热应力，其中有限元模型的边界上的换热系数综合使用了各国普遍推荐的经验公式，形成灰色区间曲线。     

浅析广西第一台大型火电机组的整套调整试验

本文通过广西第一台大型火电机组的整套启动调试，分析和总结了我区火电建设整套启动调试的正反两个方面的经验，希望给今后的大型机组启动调试工作给予一种借鉴的参考资料。     

200MW机组快速启动中高压胀差控制

汽轮机高压胀差控制问题是国产200MW机组实现安全快速启动的主要制约因素。在总结200MW机组华能淮阴发电厂实际运行经验及对机组寿命损耗与高压胀差进行理论分析的基础上，阐述了机组启动中采用合理开停调门改变调节级蒸汽温升速率及适时合理安排升负荷时机的技术方法，达到了有效控制高压胀差和机组安全快速启动的目的。     

有限元数值建模技术在汽轮机启动特性优化中的应用

运用三维有限元数值建模和仿真计算方法,研究25MW抽凝汽轮机温度、应力及热膨胀分布,查明汽缸膨胀不畅是机组启动特性差的主要原因,通过实施3段抽汽管道增设大拉杆波纹补偿器等技术改造,消除了启动过程振动大的问题,优化了机组启动特性,机组启动时间缩短6 h。     

200MW机组汽封改造后的启动磨合探讨

通过分析某电厂200MW机组新型汽封的启动特性,结合机组改造后首次启动的经验和特点,提出了200MW机组汽封换型改造后首次启动的新汽封磨合方案,实现在保证机组安全和节能长效性的前提下尽快启动。     

1000MW超超临界机组设计运行优化

依据国内某百万机组设计及运行优化方案并结合仿真机进行了同类型机组的优化及启动特性研究。在总结国内同类型先进机组的设计及运行经验的基础上,针对该机组进行了设计优化和运行优化同时对该类型机组进行了机组启动特性研究。分析结果对同类机组的启动特性研究有重要的意义,即对百万机组的设计优化及运行优化可有效降低机组煤耗,提高机组经济性。     

300 MW汽轮发电机组启动上水方式优化方案及分析

针对300 MW机组传统的上水方式存在的问题进行了分析,对机组启动上水进行了运行方式的优化研究,提出了一种机组冷态启动无凝结水泵、电泵,热态启动无电泵上水优化方案。经过几年多次启动的经验和分析计算表明,可以提高整个启动过程中的可靠性和经济性。     

清江公司水布垭水电站2号机组设备缺陷问题及分析

介绍了水布垭水电站2号机组首次启动及定子扫膛过程,进行了事故初步分析,描述了2号机组再次启动及发电机定子烧损过程,得出了机组设备缺陷结论。为防止类似问题的发生提供了经验数据。     

电动调速给水泵组安装工艺

常熟电厂3#机组电动调速给水泵组自试运至机组移交生产，运行良好，油温正常，各轴瓦最大振动为0.01mm，启动一次成功，文章主要介绍了3#机组电动调速给水泵组的安装工艺及技术要求，为今后其他电厂的安装运行提供了经验。     

300MW直接空冷机组凝汽器防冻及冬季启动

直接空冷凝汽器的冬季防冻对电厂的安全运行具有特别重要的意义。结合机组安全过冬的运行经验和漳山公司机组实际情况以及当地气温条件，制定了冬季启动措施，执行情况良好。     

宝钢电厂0号与3号发电机无功分配分析

根据宝钢电厂0号和3号发电机无功调差试验数据，计算两机调差特性，分析了发电机无功分配与机组容量不相配的问题，为此提出了对于并列运行的发电机在并列点调差系数应相等的要求，将两机AVR调差系数都设定为5％的对策，同时建议适当提高0号机电力系统稳定器PSS的增益。     

300MW机组冷态启动的优化

机组的优化启动,是火电厂提高经济效益最直接有效措施之一,电力体制改革的实施。使得火电厂更加重视自身的发电成本,实现机组的快速启停可以降低电厂的发电成本,提高电厂的经济性。     

Axial-flux modular permanent-magnet generator with a toroidalwinding for wind-turbine applications

Permanent-magnet (PM) generators have been used for wind turbines for many years. Many small wind-turbine manufacturers use direct-drive PM generators. For wind turbine-generators, the design philosophy must cover the following characteristics: low cost, light weight, low speed, high torque and variable-speed generation. The generator is easy to manufacture and the design can be scaled up for a larger size without major retooling. A modular PM generator with axial flux direction was chosen. The permanent magnet used is NdFeB or ferrite magnet with flux guide to focus flux density in the air gap. Each unit module of the generator may consist of one, two, or more phases. Each generator can be expanded to two or more unit modules. Each unit module is built from simple modular poles. The stator winding is formed like a torus. Thus, the assembly process is simplified and the winding insertion in the slot is less tedious. The authors built a prototype of one unit module and performed preliminary tests in their laboratory. Follow-up tests will be conducted in their laboratory to improve the design     

水电机组闭环开机控制策略与仿真研究

本文提出一种新型的闭环开机控制策略,该策略通过机组的频率跟踪给定的期望特性,实现闭环开机,缩短开机过程的时间。该策略用软件实现,能适应不同机组参数变化的要求。这     

直流锅炉启动过程中热回收能力的分析与计算

今后越来越多的火电机组将要承担温态启动和热态启动的调峰任务,因此启动过程中回收热量的能力将直接影响火电机组的运行经济性。该评议对直流锅炉启动过程中热回收能力作了分析,建立了计算热回收能力的数学模型,并对模型进行了实验验证。在此基础上对300MW,600MW直流锅炉启动系统的热回收能力作了定量计算,详细分析了直流锅炉启动系统滑压启动时分离器水位控制旁路阀前疏水压力、疏水流量等参数变化时除氧器水箱的压力变化速率,压力飞升曲线的热回收能力。理论分析和实验都说明,直流锅炉启动系统的热回能力主要取决于启动分离器和除氧器水的工作压力以及除氧器水箱的容积。该分析对直流锅炉启动旁路系统的设计与计算具有一定的参考价值。     

A study of a unit commitment problem with transmission constraints

Unit commitment problem is an optimization problem to determine the start‐up and shut‐down schedule of thermal units while satisfying various constraints, for example, generation‐demand balance, unit minimum up/down time, system reserve, and so on. Since this problem involves a large number of 0–1 type variables that represent up/down status of the unit and continuous variables expressing generation output, it is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem to solve. The study at present concerns the method for requiring the suboptimum solution efficiently. Unit commitment method widely used solves the problem without consideration of voltage, reactive power, and transmission constraints. In this paper, we will propose a solution of unit commitment with voltage and transmission constraints, based on the unit decommitment procedure (UDP) method, heuristic method, and optimal power flow (OPF). In this method, initial unit status will be determined from random numbers and the feasibility will be checked for minimum start‐up/shut‐down time and demand‐generation balance. If the solution is infeasible, the initial solution will be regenerated until a feasible solution can be found. Next, OPF is applied for each time period with the temporary unit status. Then, the units that have less contribution to the cost are detected and will be shut down based on the unit decommitment rules. This process will be repeated until suboptimal solution is obtained. The proposed method has been applied to the IEEE 118‐bus test system with 36 generating units with successful result. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 36–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10187     

基于历史数据的火电机组老化性能研究

针对火电机组运行过程中存在的设备老化问题,定义了老化性能参数,再通过历史数据确定相对煤质下单位负荷磨煤机电流随时间的变化关系,研究了磨煤机系统性能退化基数和老化性能系数,进而通过对其它辅机设备的相似分析,得出机组的整体老化性能系数.     

A solution method of unit commitment by artificial neural networks

The authors explore the possibility of applying the Hopfield neural network to combinatorial optimization problems in power systems, in particular to unit commitment. A large number of inequality constraints included in unit commitment can be handled by dedicated neural networks. As an exact mapping of the problem onto the neural network is impossible with the state of the art, a two-step solution method was developed. First, generators to be stored up at each period are determined by the network, and then their outputs are adjusted by a conventional algorithm. The proposed neural network could solve a large-scale unit commitment problem with 30 generators over 24 periods, and results obtained were very encouraging     

600MW发电机组出口装设断路器的分析

着重从技术、经济及可靠性等方面分析我国６００ＭＷ机组发电机出口装设断路器的优缺点，为今后国内６００ＭＷ机组单元制接线方案设计提供参考。