前庭诱发肌源性电位临床研究现状与展望

 前庭诱发肌源性电位与前庭功能的关系逐步被发现并应用于临床检查,并在一部分前庭功能障碍疾病,如梅尼埃病、良性阵发性位置性眩晕、前庭神经炎等病中发挥了协助诊断及评估病情的作用。本文主要概述前庭诱发肌源性电位的历史、原理、方法及其临床应用。     

同步检测眼性和颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位的可行性研究

目的 探讨同步检测眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP)和颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP)的可行性.方法 对20例正常人及23例梅尼埃病患者分别进行oVEMP和cVEMP同步检测和单独检测,两种检测方式所用仪器和坐姿相同,检测参数设置相同,分别比较两种检测方式下两组对象oVEMP和cVEMP的振幅、潜伏期、波间期及双侧耳不对称比.结果 正常人左、右耳的oVEMP及cVEMP的引出率、振幅、潜伏期、波间期与不对称比在两种形式同步检测与各方式单独检测之间无显著差异;两种方式同步检测时梅尼埃病患者的患耳及对侧耳的oVEMP及cVEMP引出率、振幅、潜伏期、波间期及不对称比与各方式单独检测的结果也无显著差异.结论 对正常人和梅尼埃病患者,oVEMP和cVEMP检测可同步进行,但检测参数应与单独检测时设置一致.     

梅尼埃病眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位的临床研究

目的通过对梅尼埃病(Meniere disease,MD)患者眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular vestibular-evoked myogen-ic potential,o VEMP)结果进行分析,进一步探讨梅尼埃病患者o VEMP的临床特征。方法对66例梅尼埃病患者及27例年龄、性别与之匹配的健康人进行o VEMP测试,分析对比oVEMP的引出率及各参数指标。结果 oVEMP在病例组患侧的引出率为41.7%、健侧为55%,对照组为100%;患侧与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),患侧、健侧与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病例组患侧、健侧及对照组间o VEMP的振幅及不对称比均有统计学差异(P<0.05),然各波潜伏期相比无统计学意义。整体来讲,梅尼埃病患者oVEMP引出率随听力学分期升高而呈逐渐下降趋势。结论梅尼埃病患者无论健侧还是患侧,其oVEMP异常均较显著,且以患侧变化显著,提示MD患者的椭圆囊功能受损,oVEMP可用于评估MD患者椭圆囊功能,且进一步对其诊疗作出指导。     

年龄因素对直流电刺激诱发的前庭诱发肌源性电位的影响

目的 评估年龄因素对直流电刺激(GVS)诱发的颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP)和眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)的影响。 方法 选择健康志愿者61名(122耳)作为研究对象,22~81岁,平均(45.0±13.8)岁。按年龄分为20~40岁组(26例,52耳)、41~60岁组(24例,48耳)以及>60岁组(11例,22耳),分别记录GVS-cVEMP和GVS-oVEMP。计算GVS-c/oVEMP在不同年龄段的引出率、阈值、潜伏期、振幅、振幅不对称比(interaural amplitude asymmetryratio,IAR),采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果 GVS-cVEMP在20~40岁、41~60岁、>60岁年龄段的引出率分别为96.15%、89.58%和95.45%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GVS-oVEMP在20~40岁、41~60岁、>60岁年龄段的引出率分别为98.07%、91.67%和72.13%,随着年龄增长逐渐降低(P<0.05)。从参数分析来看,cVEMP的引出率、阈值、p1潜伏期、n1潜伏期、振幅和振幅不对称比在不同年龄组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着年龄增大,oVEMP的引出率下降、阈值增高、振幅减小(P<0.05),其他参数年龄组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 随着年龄的增长,周围前庭系统的功能降低,有可能会对直流电刺激诱发的VEMP产生影响。     

眼性前庭诱发肌源电位影响因素的研究进展

眼性前庭诱发肌源电位是气导声刺激或骨导振动刺激人体前庭感受器(椭圆囊)或直流电刺激前庭上神经,于对侧眼下斜肌表面记录到的短潜伏期电位变化,是临床评价椭圆囊和/或前庭上神经通路功能的常用手段.国内外研究发现,oVEMP除存在个体间差异外,也会受测试方法、参数设置等因素影响.本文在前人研究结论基础上,对oVEMP常见影响因...     

原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者前庭诱发肌源性电位检测的意义

目的：探讨检测眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）对单侧原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）患者进行可能发病部位的定位诊断价值。方法：对52例单侧原发性BP-PV患者（BPPV组）和38例正常人（对照组）分别进行气导短纯音诱发的oVEMP和cVEMP检测,分析两种反射的引出率、潜伏期、振幅等数据。结果;BPPV组患侧oVEMP的引出率为46．15％,cVEMP的引出率为67．31％;其健侧oVEMP的引出率为48．08％,cVEMP的引出率为65．38％。对照组左侧oVEMP的引出率84．21％,cVEMP的引出率92．11％;右侧oVEMP的引出率为81．58％,cVEMP的引出率为94．74％。对照组双侧cVEMP和oVEMP的P1、N1潜伏期及N1-P1振幅值差异均无统计学意义。BPPV组和对照组cVEMP和oVEMP耳间振幅比及不对称率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：单侧原发性BPPV患者双侧前庭耳石器传导通路功能受损状况,可以通过oVEMP和cVEMP检测进行客观评估,并且oVEMP的异常率比cVEMP高。     

眼肌和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位在外周性前庭传导通路疾病诊断中的应用

目的:观察外周性前庭损害患者眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP)的引出情况并探讨其临床诊断价值。方法:选择2011-03-2012-03期间在我院临床诊断为外周前庭损害,并接受门诊和(或)住院治疗的患者13例(14耳),进行双耳气导短纯音诱发的oVEMP和cVEMP检测,观察两种电位的引出情况,分析前庭上成分(椭圆/前庭上神经传入通路)和前庭下成分(球囊/前庭下神经传入通路)机能受损的状况。结果:13例(14耳,双侧1例)外周性眩晕患者包括:耳带状疱疹3例(3耳),听神经瘤3例(4耳),Ⅶ+Ⅷ颅神经牵拉伤1例(1耳),前庭神经炎2例(2耳),梅尼埃病3例(3耳),单侧内听道发育不全1例(1耳)。总体oVEMP正常引出2耳(正常引出率为14.3%),cVEMP正常引出3耳(正常引出率21.4%)。结论:外周性眩晕患者前庭耳石器及其传导通路机能受损的情况可以通过临床oVEMP和cVEMP检测进行客观评价,其表现形式根据病变波及的范围与程度不同各异。     

小型猪肌源性诱发前庭电位的检测

目的探索小型猪肌源性诱发前庭电位(Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential,VEMP)的最佳检测方法。方法选取正常成年的雌性小型巴马香猪,以3%戊巴比妥钠+速眠新Ⅱ进行麻醉之后,用自制装置进行固定,1000Hz强短声诱发颈部伸肌肌源性电位和咬肌肌源性电位,并记录其波形;结果颈部伸肌诱发肌源性电位,第一个正向波P的潜伏期7.65±0.64ms,振幅1.66±0.34uv,80dBSPL的引出率为75%;咬肌诱发肌源性电位,第一个正向波P的潜伏期7.60±0.78ms,振幅1.31±0.28uv,80dBSPL的引出率为66%。结论小型猪颈部伸肌和咬肌在强声下诱发的肌源性电位潜伏期和阈值均一致;颈部伸肌部位所记录到的VEMF波幅稍高于咬肌部位记录到波幅;但相比之下,咬肌位置表浅,便于定位,肌肉组织发达,肌紧张性强,更易于肌源性诱发电位的记录。     

前庭诱发肌源电位在听神经瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨前庭诱发肌源电位在听神经瘤临床诊断中的价值。方法选取听神经瘤患者(AN)26名为研究对象,听力正常健康人30名作为对照组,两组对象均接受眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(o VEMP)测试和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP),分析对比两组之间oVEMPs和cVEMP的引出率及各参数指标。结果与对照组相比,听神经瘤组cVEMP和oVEMP的引出率较低,cVEMP的振幅减小,c VEMP和o VEMP的幅度比和不对称比(AR)增大,oVEMP的n10潜伏期较长,cVEMP和oVEMP结果与瘤体大小、听力损失程度无明显相关性。结论 c VEMP和oVEMP检测对听神经瘤的诊断有一定参考价值;引出率较低、VEMP振幅减小可能有助于听神经瘤筛查和诊断;cVEMP和oVEMP易于操作且稳定性高,联合检查可提高听神经瘤的检出率。     

眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位临床检测技术专家共识

前庭诱发肌源性电位是一项用于客观评价前庭耳石器及前庭神经传导通路的检测技术。相对于比较成熟的颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位而言,眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位在刺激类型、电极导联方式等方面还存在诸多需要达成共识的关键环节。为促进国内规范的实验室检查标准,实现标准化的眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位记录和结果分析,特制订本检查记录和结果判读的临床检测技术专家共识,其内容主要包括眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位的基本概念、刺激和记录参数、观测指标以及结果判读和临床应用等关键环节。     

量化的胸锁乳突肌表面肌电对颈部前庭诱发肌源性电位的影响

目的 测试不同头位状态下的胸锁乳突肌肌电和颈部前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP),分析胸锁乳突肌表面肌电与cVEMP各参数之间的关系,探讨量化后的胸锁乳突肌表面肌电对cVEMP的影响.方法 选取无耳疾史、听力和前庭功能正常、经cVEMP测试波形分化良好的健康青年人30名(60耳),分别记录在不同向对侧偏向头位(与矢状位呈90°、60°、45°和30°)下的胸锁乳突肌表面肌电和cVEMP,分析量化后的表面肌电与cVEMP振幅和潜伏期之间的关系,并进行统计学分析.结果 cVEMP的P1和N1的总体潜伏期分别为(12.50±2.39)ms和(19.79±3.16)ms,不同头位下的差异无统计学意义(F值分别为0.86和0.52,P值分别为0.46和0.67).不同头位下的胸锁乳突肌表面肌电差异具有统计学意义(F=146.63,P＜0.01),cVEMP的P1-N1振幅随头位及胸锁乳突肌表面肌电的变化而变化,差异亦具有统计学意义(F=55.47,P＜0.01).将多次不同肌电下记录到的cVEMP振幅与胸锁乳突肌表面肌电进行线性拟合模型检验,拟合函数为Y=0.769X(r2 =0.591,校正r2=9.590).结论 cVEMP的潜伏期与胸锁乳突肌肌电大小无关,而cVEMP振幅与胸锁乳突肌表面肌电存在明显的正线性相关.选择合适的头位记录cVEMP,特别是量化肌电与振幅的关系,将有利于增强cVEMP临床应用的敏感性和准确性.     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位临床应用

前庭诱发的肌源性电位（Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials，VEMP）可用于评价球囊功能及其对称性。本文总结VEMP在神经耳科学中的应用情况。首先建立VEMP的临床适用的检查方法，这些方法包括：刺激声的选择、刺激强度及给声方式，建立VEMP在振幅、阈值、潜伏期和耳间潜伏期的正常值。临床上常用于：梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤、前半规管裂综合征和听神经病的诊断定位。VEMP的振幅变化较大．潜伏期的变化较大，而阈值较稳定。梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤可以出现振幅的异常或引不出；梅尼埃病、迟发性膜迷路积水和听神经瘤可见振幅和潜伏期异常。听神经瘤还可见耳间潜伏期延长。听神经病主要表现为振幅的异常，振幅减低或引不出。VEMP是一种稳定的肌源性电位，双侧声刺激较为适宜。VEMP的阈值检查主要用于压力或声音敏感性眩晕；耳间潜伏期的异常主要见于桥一小脑角占位病变：振幅和潜伏期的异常一般没有特异性．可见于累及前庭下神经的病变。     

前庭诱发肌源性电位对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值

目的　探讨前庭诱发肌源性电位（VEMP）对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值。方法　回顾分析我科眩晕门诊18例前庭下神经炎的临床资料,尤其是VEMP检测结果。结果　18例患者中,15例表现为旋转性眩晕,3例为平衡障碍,所有患者纯音测听、冷热试验及眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）正常而颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）异常。其中14例cVEMP检查不能引出,4例振幅低下。3个月后复诊10例患者症状消失,复查cVEMP 9例恢复正常,1例振幅低下;半年复诊18例患者症状全部消失,复查cVEMP只有2例振幅低下,其余均恢复正常。结论　VEMP检查对前庭下神经炎的精准诊断及判断预后有重要临床价值,值得临床推广。     

Age-related differences in parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials

Conclusions. The statistically significant correlations between vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) parameters and age may be due to hair cell loss of the otolith organ and/or to degenerative changes of the vestibular neural pathway. These findings indicate that age should be taken into account when interpreting VEMP results. It is also important to determine a standard method for performing VEMP and a universal index for comparison among laboratories. Objectives. VEMP, which measures the surface electric potential from the cervical muscle evoked by sufficiently loud sounds, is a useful tool to evaluate vestibule-colic reflex function. We have assayed the effect of age on VEMP results. Subjects and methods. After excluding subjects with a previous history of dizziness, middle ear pathology, or other inner ear symptoms, a total of 97 healthy volunteers (194ears) were included. All VEMP parameters were analyzed to find differences related to side and gender, as well as the relationship between age and each VEMP parameter. Results. Age was correlated with all VEMP parameters. Latency of p13, n23 showed a negative correlation and amplitude of p13-n23 showed a positive correlation with age. Differences between the right and left sides were not significant.     

Novel method for recording vestibular evoked myogenic potential: minimally invasive recording on neck extensor muscles

OBJECTIVES: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) has been used to test vestibulocollic reflex. However, VEMP is not stable on elderly patients because of their weak muscular strength. In this study, we tried to record VEMP on median neck extensor muscles with weak muscular contraction STUDY DESIGN: We recorded VEMP from normal subjects and patients by novel and conventional methods. METHOD: Thirty-one normal subjects and 56 patients with vertigo or hearing loss were tested in a seated or prone position without muscular tension. The different electrodes were placed on the median surface at the palpable bottom of the occipital bone. RESULTS: Our response showed a clear negative peak at 13 ms on normal subjects, with reversed polarity compared with VEMP on the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This potential is defined as VEMP caused by the proper latencies, dependency of the strength on sound stimulation, and independence of hearing ability. In the cases of acoustic neurinoma, onset latencies were prolonged or nonexistent. The responses on neck extensor muscles could not be recorded on some elderly patients. CONCLUSION: This new method of recording VEMP is less invasive and suitable for elderly patients.     

骨导刺激与气导刺激的眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位对比研究

目的探索利用骨导耳机振子、激振器输出振动直接刺激颅骨记录眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(bone conducted ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,BC-oVEMP),为BC-oVEMP的临床应用提供最理想的振动刺激参数;比较骨导振动刺激和气导声刺激引出电位波形的参数差异。方法2017年3-5月,选取空军军医大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科招募的健康志愿者共20名,其中男10名,女10名,年龄20~25(22.05±2.01)岁。声学分析仪采集骨导耳机振子、激振器的输出振动刺激的信号频谱和瞬态波形,依据国际标准计算得到输出的振动作用力的峰值等效力值(peak-to-peak equivalent force level,peFL)。分析选择可以获得稳定骨导振动刺激的最优参数。20名志愿者同时接受最大输出强度的气导声刺激、振动力刺激,记录双侧oVEMP波形及N1潜伏期、P1潜伏期、振幅等参数。数据采用SPSS 24.0统计学软件分析,正态分布两组间数值方差齐采用t检验,不齐则采用校正t检验。偏态分布两组间数值比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果不同频率的原始声刺激信号经声学分析仪记录到输出振动刺激的时域波形图、频谱图,输出振动的峰值频率与原始声信号频率一致。相同的原始信号强度时,500 Hz信号对应的频谱图输出峰值最高。原始声刺激参数频率相同时激振器的输出振动刺激的峰值等效力值随刺激声强度增加而增加,相同强度时激振器的输出振动刺激的峰值等效力值随频率增加而减小;以500 Hz短纯音输出的峰值等效力值最大,为139.8 dB peFL;同时大于相同原始声刺激信号时通过骨导耳机振子输出的峰值等效力值130 dB peFL。40耳中5耳在气导声刺激下未记录到对侧oVEMP电位波,即气导刺激和骨岛刺激的N1-P1波引出率分别为87.5%(35/40)和100%(35/40)。气导声刺激和骨导振动刺激N1的潜伏期分别为(11.33±1.05)ms和(10.14±0.38)ms,P1潜伏期分别为(16.24±1.56)ms和(15.65±1.19)ms,波间期分别为(4.59±1.26)ms和(5.55±0.81)ms,左右耳对称性系数分别为12.22%[5.5%,21.85%]和8.74%[3.37%,14.08%],振幅分别为3.07[2.05,4.43]μV和11.96[7.42,14.75]μV;N1潜伏期、P1潜伏期、波间期、振幅值差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论500 Hz短纯音原始刺激经激振器获得振动输出能最大,优于B-81骨导耳机振子;与传统气导声刺激相比,BC-oVEMP的引出率更高,波形幅度更大,更稳定可靠,更具临床应用价值。     

Properties of binaural vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited with air-conducted and bone-conducted tone bursts

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of monaural and binaural stimulation on unilaterally-measured vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) magnitude and latency. The subjects were eighteen normal-hearing adults with no history of vestibular disease. Monaural VEMPs were acquired with air-conducted (AC) and bone-conducted (BC) 500 Hz tone bursts presented at 95 dB nHL and 70 dB nHL, respectively. These stimuli were simultaneously paired with 95 dB nHL contralateral tone bursts at 250, 500, 750, or 1000 Hz during acquisition of binaural VEMPs. Results indicated that AC-VEMP relative magnitudes decreased in each of the binaural conditions compared to the monaural condition. However, no changes in relative magnitude between conditions occurred for BC-VEMPs. Similar latencies were observed for monaural and binaural VEMPs. Differences in bilateral interaction seen between the AC-VEMP and BC-VEMP conditions are consistent with modification of sound transmission through the ear during presentations of binaural sound.     

Clinical application of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy newborns

OBJECTIVE: Auditory and vestibular functions have critical importance in infancy because they may affect motor and mental development. We aimed to determine the normal values of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) parameters to provide a reference for further research regarding the early diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction in newborns. METHODS: Twenty-four term newborns (12 girls, 12 boys), with birth weights greater than 2500 g and Apgar scores higher than 7 at 1 min, were studied. Tympanometry, auditory-evoked brainstem responses, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, and VEMP recordings were assessed in all subjects during fourth week after birth. RESULTS: All newborns passed the audiologic evaluation, and biphasic waveforms of the VEMP were obtained in all 48 tested ears. Mean latencies of p13, n23, and p13-n23 intervals were 13.7+/-1.1, 20.5+/-1.6, and 7.1+/-2.1 ms, respectively. The mean amplitude value was 22.6+/-18.4 microV. There were no significant differences in latency values or amplitudes with regard to sex or side of ear tested in newborns. CONCLUSIONS: VEMP may easily be used for early evaluation of vestibular dysfunction in newborns. Because results may differ owing to test techniques and age, every laboratory should have its own normal values.