软磁合金粉末特性对金属软磁粉芯的影响

软磁合金粉末作为制备金属软磁粉芯的原材料,是决定磁粉芯性能的关键因素之一。本文综述了软磁合金粉末的合金成分、形貌、粒度以及粉末纯度对软磁粉芯性能的影响。分析结果表明,铁硅铝磁粉芯具有最佳性价比,采用气雾化法生产的球形粉末具有最佳的软磁特性,软磁粉末越细,纯度越高,所制备的磁粉芯软磁性能越好。     

功率对EIGA制备3D打印用TC4合金粉末特性的影响

与传统的雾化制粉技术不同,电极感应熔炼气体雾化(EIGA)技术是采用预合金棒料为电极,无坩埚感应加热,熔化后直接滴落雾化区被惰性气体雾化的技术.该技术由于在熔炼过程中液态金属与坩埚不接触,有效地减少了钛合金粉末中的夹杂物,改善了合金粉末的质量.本文利用自主设计制造的EIGA制粉设备,采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析手段,研究了不同功率参数对雾化制备TC4合金粉末的粒度分布、组织形貌、空心球等的影响.研究表明:EIGA法制备的TC4合金粉末整体球形度均较好,空心球缺陷较少,空心球率低于3%.熔炼功率较低时,粗颗粒粉末较多,且存在一定比例不规则的棒形和哑铃状粉末颗粒;当功率提高到62 k W时,细粉比例明显提高,不规则形状的粉末颗粒基本消失.随着功率的升高,粉末中的氧含量呈增加趋势,但仍基本保持在0.08%~0.10%较低范围内.功率为56 k W时,粉末松装密度最好,为2.686 g/cm3,松装密度比为60.63%,符合激光3D打印用TC4钛合金粉末松装密度比要求.     

熔炼功率对EIGA制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末特性的影响

基于电极感应熔炼惰性气体雾化(EIGA)技术制备Ti-6Al-4V钛合金粉末,采用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试分析手段研究熔炼功率对粉末粒径分布及形貌的影响规律。结果表明:在实验参数范围内,EIGA技术制备的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金粉末,具有粒径细小、流动性好、松装密度大、球形度高等特点,适用于3D打印技术;随着熔炼功率的增大,粉末的中值粒径存在细化的趋势,但当功率增大到33 kW时,粉末中值粒径相对增大;球形度下降,并且粉末中卫星球比例也明显增大。从粉末松装密度、流动性、球形度、粒度、形貌等综合因素考虑,适合Ti-6Al-4V钛合金粉末制备的熔炼功率为30 kW。     

PREP法制备球形CuAl10 Fe3铜合金粉末的性能表征

采用等离子旋转电极雾化技术制备球形Cu Al10Fe3铜合金粉末,利用激光粒度分析仪、ON分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪和纳米压痕仪对Cu Al10Fe3铜合金粉末的粒径分布、氧氮含量、微观形貌、组织物相及纳米硬度和弹性模量特性进行表征。结果表明,Cu Al10Fe3粉末的体积平均粒径(D_(50))为74μm,松装密度、振实密度和流动性分别为4.45 g/cm~3、4.6 g/cm~3、16.3 s/50 g;其平均氧、氮含量分别为0.024%和0.004%,其中氧含量随Cu Al10Fe3粉末粒度的减小而增大,氮含量则基本保持一致。XRD分析表明,Cu Al10Fe3粉末主要由α相、马氏体β'相和少量的富铁K相组成。大粒径粉末的表面形貌为快速凝固形成的花瓣状胞状树枝晶。随着粉末粒度的减小,表面形貌由胞状树枝晶向平面晶转变,截面形貌则由大块胞晶向细条状晶转变,且小粒径颗粒截面组织明显细化,纳米硬度和弹性模量也增大。     

高频感应熔化金属丝气雾化制备球形钛粉

提出了新型低成本球形钛粉气雾化制备技术——高频感应熔化金属丝气体雾化技术(Wire induction heating-gas atomization,WIGA),研究了雾化气体压力、熔体温度、送料速度对粉末性能的影响。结果表明:所制钛粉末的形貌为球形,球形度较高,粉末表面存在少量"卫星球"颗粒,占比约为1%;提高雾化压力、熔体温度和降低送丝速度均使粉末平均粒径D50减小。实验所得最佳雾化参数为:雾化气体压力4.0 MPa,熔体温度2 000℃,送料速度0.8m/min,在此条件下得到的钛粉末平均粒径为41.8μm。     

氢化脱氢法制备Nb‒Si基超高温合金粉末的研究

目的 为了获得低成本、短流程制备的增材制造用Nb?Si基超高温合金粉末,采用氢化脱氢法制备了Nb?16Si?24Ti?2Hf?2Cr?0.3Sc(原子数分数)合金粉末。方法 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪及氧氮氢分析仪等对不同氢化脱氢工艺参数条件下所制备粉末的形貌、相组成、粒度、氢氧含量进行了表征。结果 正交实验结果表明,氢化时间、氢化压力和氢化温度3个参数中,氢化温度对吸氢、吸氧量的影响最大;在粉末破碎效果差异不大的前提下,氢化温度200 ℃、氢化压力3 MPa、氢化时间1.5 h时,粉末中氧含量最小,氢化组织为Nb固溶体相NbSS、NbHx相、Nb5Si3相及Nb2O5相。在600、700、800 ℃条件下分别对氢化粉末真空脱氢2 h后,粉末中均无残存的NbHx相,其中,700 ℃/2 h的脱氢条件下Nb?Si基合金粉末氧含量最低。结论 经过200 ℃/3 MPa/1.5 h氢化和700 ℃/2 h真空脱氢后制备的Nb?Si基合金粉末具有较低的氢氧含量,粉末形貌为等轴状,该粉末已用于激光熔覆增材技术,成功制备出Nb?Si基合金块体材料。     

混Si粉电火花腐蚀制备中空Ni粉的研究

研究了混Si粉电火花腐蚀和普通电火花腐蚀,在不同峰值电流下制备的Ni粉的组成、表观形貌、粒度累积分布和松装密度.结果表明,两种方法制备的粉末除微量的NiO外,主要是Ni,粉末的粒度累积分布相差不大.但混Si粉电火花腐蚀制备的Ni粉空心粉末所占比例比普通电火花腐蚀制备的大.探讨了Si粉对电火花腐蚀制备中空粉末的影响机理.     

喷雾干燥YPSZ纳米结构热喷涂粉末材料制备及表征

YPSZ纳米结构粉末材料的研究是热喷涂制备YPSZ纳米结构涂层必须首先进行研究的问题。本文采用喷雾干燥方法制备适合于热等离子体喷涂的YPSZ纳米结构粉末原料,同时采用等离子体喷涂制备涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜分析晶粒大小、颗粒形貌,X射线衍射分析相组成,对喷雾干燥后粉末进行热重-差热分析,测定粉末的松装密度、振实密度及流动性。结果表明制备的YPSZ粉末材料具有实心、流动性好、松装密度高、振实密度高、球形度高、单斜相少等优点,采用热等离子体喷涂沉积制备YPSZ纳米结构涂层。     

EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TA15钛合金粉末

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化(EIGA)法制备了激光3D打印用TA15钛合金粉末,研究了熔炼功率对粉末收得率、粒径分布、粉末形貌、松装密度和流动性等特征的影响。结果表明,随着感应熔炼功率增大,粉末收得率和平均粒径减小,当熔炼功率为65kW时,粉末收得率超过62%,中值粒径D_(50)小于100μm,松装密度为2.731g/cm3,流动性为22.46s/50g。对粒径50~180μm的粉末采用激光3D打印,激光直接沉积成形的TA15钛合金样品表面无宏观裂纹和气孔等缺陷,金相组织为细晶网篮组织,制备的TA15钛合金粉末具有良好的可打印性。     

过热度对无铅焊锡雾化粉末特性的影响

利用自行设计的超音速雾化制粉装置,研究了合金过热度对SnAgCu系无铅焊锡粉末有效雾化率、粒度分布、球形度及含氧量的影响.结果表明:随着合金过热度升高,粉末粒度有明显变细趋势,粉末氧含量随着过热度的升高而急剧增大;在其他条件不变,过热度为150℃时,雾化粉末的有效雾化率最高,且球形度较好.与SnPb雾化粉末相比,Sn3Ag2.8Cu无铅焊锡粉末具有较低的含氧量和较高的有效雾化率;Sn3Ag2.8CuCe具有较高的氧含量,有效雾化率高于SnPb,低于Sn3Ag2.8Cu.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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