犊牛肉生产现状及其分级体系

本文阐述了犊牛肉生产现状及其对我国牛肉产业的意义,介绍了犊牛肉分级研究现状,并为我国相关领域研究给出了建议。     

荷兰犊牛肉生产与技术考察报告

该文介绍了赴荷兰进行犊牛肉生产与技术考察了解到的荷兰犊牛肉发展历吏、生产与技术现状，分析了我国犊牛肉生产、技术研究与荷兰存在的差距、发展犊牛内的重要性与发展优势．提出了加强国际合作与原创性技术研究等推动我国犊牛肉发展的建议。     

欧盟犊牛福利养殖措施及犊牛肉分级标准

犊牛肉为高档肉品,深受欧美一些国家消费者青睐。本文介绍了欧盟国家为保障犊牛的基本福利采取的福利养殖措施以及犊牛肉分级标准。欧盟先进的养殖措施及分级标准对于有效利用我国丰富的犊牛资源,发展犊牛肉产业具有一定的参考价值。     

国内外犊牛肉分级体系分析

介绍了美国、欧盟和加拿大的犊牛分级体系,并对建立我国的犊牛肉分级标准提出了自己的设想.犊牛分级体系对于提高国内奶公牛犊资源利用率,实现犊牛肉的规模化生产和解决目前国内犊牛肉质量不一致等方面具有重要意义.     

国内外犊牛肉发展现状

简要介绍犊牛肉的分类，国内外犊牛业发展的概况。通过对我国养牛业的分析，阐明我国发展犊牛产业的优势。     

澳大利亚牛肉安全、品质控制技术和销售策略及对我国牛肉工业的启示

澳大利亚是世界上畜牧业最为发达的国家之一,本文深入剖析了澳大利亚牛肉产业的发展历程、现状和遇到的问题,系统总结了牛肉生产过程中的食品安全和食用品质控制措施,以及澳大利亚牛肉工业和政府为将澳大利亚牛肉推向世界市场所采用的方法手段。通过总结牛肉产业发达国家的成功经验、牛肉安全、品质控制技术和销售策略,为我国牛肉产业发展提供思路,保证我国牛肉产业的可持续发展。     

法国肉牛业发展经验

近年来我国牛肉生产和消费量增长巨大,肉牛产业发展迅速。如何适应各地生产条件、减少环境污染,并形成可持续发展的生产模式成为肉牛产业发展的关键。法国肉牛生产历史悠久,其肉牛存栏量和牛肉产量目前在欧洲排名第一,肉牛产业有许多经验值得借鉴。本文回顾了法国近几十年来肉牛产业的演变和现状,介绍了法国肉牛业的发展亮点,并结合中国肉牛业发展现状讨论了值得我们借鉴的法国经验。     

我国优质烹调牛肉生产的现状与发展趋向

十余年来的实践表明,生产优质牛肉是高效利用牛肉生产资源,促进肉类生产发展的可行生产方式,备受业内人士的关注.本文简介了我国优质烹调牛肉生产的发展现状,并探讨了它的发展趋向.     

牛肉分级标准及分级技术发展概况综述

我国肉牛业起步较晚,肉质较差,高档牛肉的生产无法满足国内市场日益增长的需求。我国尚未真正实施统一的牛肉等级评价体系,无法形成以质论价、优质优价的优良市场机制,制约我国肉牛产业发展。而肉牛产业发达国家很早就开始推行牛肉分级制度,各自拥有一套适合本国肉牛业发展的牛肉等级评价体系,是各国肉牛产业发展的重要保障。本文在对肉牛业发达国家的牛肉分级标准和先进牛肉自动分级技术进行概述的基础上,针对我国牛肉分级标准和分级技术的研究发展现状,提出适合我国国情的牛肉分级研究及开展分级工作的建议。     

北京市区流通领域生鲜牛肉及制品市场调查报告

为摸清我国牛肉生产流通领域分割现状,促进牛肉产业的进一步发展,我们对北京市进行了为期近1个月的市场调查。结果发现,我国存在牛肉分割方法不统一,命名混乱,地区间价格差异大,食用方法不清等问题并给出了几种牛肉增值途径。     

我国羊肉加工业的现状及发展趋势

我国是羊肉生产大国,但不是加工强国。本文在分析我国肉羊产业及羊肉加工业发展现状的基础上,提出了我国羊肉加工业的未来发展趋势,并在借鉴国外发达国家羊肉加工业和我国在猪肉、牛肉加工业方面取得的成功经验的基础上,提出了加快我国羊肉加工业发展的对策建议。     

优质牛肉屠宰加工技术进展

阐述了国内外牛肉屠宰加工业的现状,综合概括了国内外优质肉牛屠宰加工技术和贮藏保鲜技术,并结合国内行业发展趋势,提出牛肉屠宰加工业的发展思路。     

Exploring farmers' attitudes and determinants of dairy calf welfare in an expanding dairy sector

The 2015 European Union milk quota abolition initiated considerable expansion in the dairy sector in many European Union countries, most significantly in Ireland. However, this major production increase also had wider societal implications, such as negative environmental and animal welfare consequences. In this article, we used survey data of 441 Irish dairy farmers to assess farmers' attitudes toward the welfare of farmed animals and dairy calves, as well as the reputation of the Irish dairy sector. We also explored how expansion, breeding, calf management, and farmer characteristics relate to calf welfare outcomes (i.e., calf mortality, calf export, and premature culling). In relation to attitudes, farmers expressed a general concern toward animal welfare, while views toward dairy calves and industry reputation were mixed. We used Ward's linkage hierarchical cluster analysis to group farmers based on their attitudes. The cluster analysis revealed 3 distinct groups relating to high, medium, and low animal welfare concern. Herd expansion was negatively associated with being in a higher animal welfare concern cluster, whereas beef trait–focused breeding was positively associated with it. In relation to dairy calf welfare outcomes, our econometric analyses based on multiple regression and binary choice models revealed that expansion was positively associated with calf mortality, whereas improved breeding and calf management factors had a negative association. In addition, being in the high animal welfare concern cluster was negatively associated with calf mortality. Furthermore, breeding decisions were significantly associated with whether calves were exported, and being in the high animal welfare concern cluster was negatively associated with the probability that calves were sent for live export. Finally, farmers' breeding and calf management decisions were associated with premature culling of calves. Overall, this article revealed strategies worth promoting to improve dairy calf welfare, such as beef trait–focused breeding leading to greater dairy-beef integration.     

中国培育品种牛肉品质特性比较分析

培育牛种在我国肉牛产业中发挥着重要的作用,目前对中国培育品种牛肉品质总体情况进行研究的文章未见报道.了解培育品种牛肉的肉质总体状况,对我国牛种的选育、合理开发利用牛种以及保障牛肉品质有重要的参考作用.本文对目前国内关于培育品种牛肉品质的研究进行总结发现我国培育品种牛肉肉质较差,结合我国的牛肉生产现状以及肉牛产业的发展趋势提出了几点建议:牛种的选育应把握牛肉的消费结构和方向,从肉质角度分析牛种所对应的市场并实施肉类口感保证系统(PACCP)体系确保牛肉品质.     

中国牛肉干加工技术及产业发展现状

美国是世界最大的牛肉生产国和牛肉消费国,中国位居第三。中国牛肉干消费量全世界排名第四,牛肉干出口量近4万吨。本文综述了中国牛肉产业的发展现状、牛肉干加工技术、HACCP体系在牛肉干生产中的应用、食品添加剂的应用及贮藏期牛肉干品质变化等最新研究进展,并对中国牛肉干产业未来发展做了展望。     

Invited review: Use of assisted reproduction techniques to accelerate genetic gain and increase value of beef production in dairy herds

The contribution of the calf enterprise to the profit of the dairy farm is generally considered small, with beef bull selection on dairy farms often not considered a high priority. However, this is likely to change in the future as the rapid rate of expansion of the dairy herd in some countries is set to plateau and improvements in dairy herd fertility combine to reduce the proportion of dairy breed calves required on dairy farms. This presents the opportunity to increase the proportion of beef breed calves born, increasing both the value of calf sales and the marketability of the calves. Beef embryos could become a new breeding tool for dairies as producers need to reassess their breeding policy as a consequence of welfare concerns and poor calf prices. Assisted reproductive technologies can contribute to accelerated genetic gain by allowing an increased number of offspring to be produced from genetically elite dams. There are the following 3 general classes of donor females of interest to an integrated dairy-beef system: (1) elite dairy dams, from which oocytes are recovered from live females using ovum pick-up and fertilized in vitro with semen from elite dairy bulls; (2) elite beef dams, where the oocytes are recovered from live females using ovum pick-up and fertilized with semen from elite beef bulls; and (3) commercial beef dams (≥50% beef genetics), where ovaries are collected from the abattoir postslaughter, and oocytes are fertilized with semen from elite beef bulls that are suitable for use on dairy cows (resulting embryo with ≥75% beef genetics). The expected benefits of these collective developments include accelerated genetic gain for milk and beef production in addition to transformation of the dairy herd calf crop to a combination of good genetic merit dairy female calves and premium-quality beef calves. The aim of this review is to describe how these technologies can be harnessed to intensively select for genetic improvement in both dairy breed and beef breed bulls suitable for use in the dairy herd.     

丰都县肉牛产业发展现状

重庆市丰都县位于三峡库区,水源充足、牧草资源丰富,素有黄牛养殖传统.该县拥有亚洲单体养殖规模最大的标准化1.5万头肉牛育肥场,具有全国最大的肉牛养殖基础.目前,丰都县正全力打造“中国肉牛之乡”,并以肉牛作为农民万元增收的主导产业,促进地方经济发展.本文主要对丰都县肉牛产业链的发展现状作综合阐述.