辐射诱发细胞内活性氧增高与DNA氧化损伤研究

用60 Coγ射线照射人支气管上皮细胞 (BEP2D)。细胞内过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )和超氧阴离子(O2 · - )分别用分子探针 2’ ,7’ -二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐 (DCFH -DA)和氢化乙锭 (HE)进行标记 ,并通过流式细胞仪测定荧光产物 2’ ,7’ -二氯荧光黄 (DCF)和溴乙锭 (EB)荧光强度进行相对定量分析。DNA氧化损伤产物 8-羟基脱氧鸟嘌呤 (OH8dG)含量用高压液相色谱结合电化学方法 (HPLC-ECD)测定。结果表明 ,60Coγ射线诱发BEP2D细胞内活性氧 (ROS)水平和OH8dG含量均显著增高 ,并有良好的剂量效应关系。进一步分析显示 ,60 Coγ射线照射诱发BEP2D细胞内ROS增高与DNA氧化损伤产物OH8dG含量呈明显正相关 ,提示辐射对细胞的损伤效应可能与其诱发细胞内ROS增高及其对DNA氧化损伤机制有关     

~(60)Coγ射线照射离体人外周血诱发淋巴细胞染色体畸变与剂量的关系

在离体标准条件下,人外周血淋巴细胞受~(60)Coγ射线照射,细胞培养51～53小时,显微镜下检查记录照射后第一次有丝分裂中期的染色体畸变。实验表明,在24.4～292.8拉德范围内,剂量率为48.8拉德/分的~(60)COγ射线诱发双着丝点体和着丝点环的剂量-效应关系,可拟以二次多项式:Y=(1.28±0.22)×10~(-4)D+(4.08±0.60)×10~(-6)D~2;而在0-24.2拉德范围内,剂量率为17.5拉德/小时,双着丝点体的剂量-效应是直线关系,Y=(1.36±0.29)×10~(-4)D。     

低剂量氚β射线和~(60)Coγ射线诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变及相对生物效应的研究

介绍了用氚β射线和~(60)COγ射线离体照射G_0期人淋巴细胞诱发染色体畸变的剂量效应关系(剂量范围为0-0.5Gy)。实验表明:无论是氚β射线还是~(60)Coγ射线所诱发的淋巴细胞染色体畸变均以染色体型畸变为主,诱发的双着丝粒体与剂量的关系均适合以Y=a+bD模式来表示。以~(60)Coγ射线为参考辐射,以淋巴细胞染色体畸变为生物终点,测得氚的RBE值为2。     

闪烁剂量仪对宇宙射线的相对灵敏度及其对测量天然贯穿辐射水平影响的估计

本文分析了用电流法或脉冲高度积分法的闪烁剂量仪对宇宙射线的相对灵敏度K_γ/k_c(K_γ、k_c分别为仪器对γ射线和宇宙射线的刻度因子)。给出了不同K_γ/K_c值下,由大水面上响应值 R_w、宇宙射线剂量率 D_c 及其屏蔽因子μ的偏差对测量室外(或室内)天然贯穿辐射剂量 D(或 D_(?))和有效剂量当量率 H_E(或(?))的偏差影响的估计公式。对室外γ辐射剂量率D_γ=4.0×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),D_c=3.0×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),H_E=5.8×10~(-8)Sv·h(-1),μ=0.9和仪器本底R_0=0.2×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)情况下,在k_γ/k_c=0.8时,R_w 和 D_c 偏差为10%,其对 D 和 H_B 所致偏差分别不大于1%和2.5%;当μ的偏差为10%,其对(?)和(?)的偏差分别不大于1%和2.5%。     

一个邻近效应超导体及其超导电性

在高Tc单相Y_1BaCu_3O_(7_δ)大块超导体的实验研究中,利用仔细的DC磁化测量,第一次实验上发现了一个高T_c邻近效应超导体,并研究了它的超导电性,其临界参量用注脚a表示。这些参量为: T_(ea)=84.7K;H_(cla)(0)=15.6Oe;H_(ea)(0)=108.1Oe; H_(c2a)(0)=372.2Oe;λ(0)=2.3× 10~(-5)cm;ξ(0)=9.4×10~(-6)cm; k=2.44;γ=2.6×10~(-8)J/(cm~3·K~2);2/K_BTc=3.56; 结果表明,邻近效应超导体是一个Ⅱ类超导体,且是一个弱耦合的BCS超导体。     

BPS型TE-TE球形空腔电离室在15MeV中子场测量的修正因子

我所研制了BPS型TE-TE球形空腔电离室。本工作测量了这些电离室的基本性能。饱和特性的测量结果表明,在~(60)Co光子场中Q_B/Q_V与V~(-2)之间,关系是线性的,相关系数极接近于1,由此得出了饱和修正因子。对于15MeV中子和~(60)Co光子确定了自由空气比释动能的壁厚修正因子,各自为(0.6±0.9)·10~(-2)mm~(-1)和(0.49±0.35)·10~(-2)mm~(-1)当射线入射角度范围在0-120°范围时,室响应相对变化对于~(60)Coγ射线不大于0. 5％,而对于15 MeV中子大约为1％。还研究测定了自由空气照射电离室在光子场与中子场中柄散射的影响,测量和计算了用TE气体和空气分别作为工作气体时电离室读数之比值,结果相符。     

稀土、铀、钍苦味酸盐与喹哪啶酸氮氧化物配合物的合成与表征

研究了稀土、铀、钍苦味酸盐与喹哪啶酸氮氧化物的配合作用,合成了组成为Ln_2(Pie)_3·(ANO)_3·3H_2O(Ln=La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Er、Y;Pic为苦味酸根离子;ANO-为喹哪啶酸氮氧化物阴离子)、UO_2(ANO)_2和Th(Pic)·(ANO)_3·5H_2O的固态配合物,并对配合物的组成,红外、紫外光谱,热稳定性,X射线衍射物相分析及摩尔电导等性质进行了测试和表征。     

0.8 MeV单能中子照射洋葱萌发种子后在根尖细胞中诱发微核的相对生物效能

通过由加速器产生的0.8 MeV单能中子和60Coγ射线照射洋葱萌发种子,观察在根尖细胞中微核诱发率,从而更好地了解中子相对生物效能(RBE)。洋葱萌发种子照射单位剂量0.8 MeV单能中子和60Coγ射线后,根尖细胞中的微核诱发率分别为111±6.7(10-2Gy-1)和3.59±0.19(10-2Gy-1)。因此,以60Coγ射线为参考辐射时,0.8 MeV单能中子在洋葱根尖细胞诱发微核的相对生物效能(RBE)值为31.0±2.5。与252Cf裂变中子的RBE比较,0.8 MeV单能中子照射在洋葱根尖细胞中诱发微核的RBE值要高。     

硝酸铀酰与二苯并-24-冠-8的固态配合物的合成及性质

本文报道了硝酸铀酰与DB24C8的固态配合物的合成,测定其组成为[UO_2(NO_3)_2]_2·DB24C8·4H_2O,并对其红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热-热重分析、摩尔电导及X射线粉末衍射等性质进行了研究。     

福建省环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查

本文报道了福建省环境天然贯穿辐射剂量水平调查的方法和结果。全省以25×25 km 网格均匀布点,共布设网格点173个,各类加密点170个。调查结果表明:(1)原野天然γ辐射剂量率按测点、面积和人口的加权均值分别为9.26、9.23和8.71×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);(2)道路天然γ辐射剂量率按点平均为10.64×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);(3)建筑物室内天然γ辐射剂量率按测点和人口的加权平均值分别为15.58和15.65×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);(4)宇宙射线电离成分所致空气吸收剂量率按测点和人口的加权平均值,室内分别为2.42和2.39×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),室外分别为3.03和2.99×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);(5)天然贯穿辐射剂量率(不包括中子成分)按测点和人口的加权平均值,室内分别为18.00和18.05×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),室外分别为12.29和11.70×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);(6)天然γ辐射、宇宙射线和天然贯穿辐射所致福建人均年有效剂量当量分别为0.84、0.22和1.06 mSv,全省集体年有效剂量当量分别为2.31、0.60和2.91×10~(-4)人·Sv。调查中发现“鬼头山”天然γ辐射异常本底区。该区(约2km~2)的原野天然γ辐射剂量率平均值约为40.94×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),是全省平均值的4.4倍。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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