浙江金衢地区毛皮兽资源调查

金衢地区位于浙江省的中、西部,包括浦江、东阳、磐安、义乌、永康、金华、武义、兰溪、衢州、龙游、江山、常山和开化等13个市县。经调查得知该地区共有毛皮兽32种,占全省毛皮兽种数的88.9%,分隶于5目11科。其中属国家一级保护的有云豹、豹、华南虎和黑麂,二级保护的有猕猴、黑熊、水獭、豺、大灵猫、小灵猫、金猫、獐和鬣羚,其它的则有华南兔、赤腹松鼠、长吻松鼠、豹鼠、狐、貉、狼、青鼬、黄腹鼬、黄鼬、鼬獾、狗獾、猪獾、花面狸、食蟹檬、豹猫、野猪、小麂和毛冠鹿等19种。黄鼬为全区分布,但多集中在衢州以东的盆地平原区。狐、貉、狗…     

广东省生态学会三十年赞

2011年6月28日是广东省生态学会成立三十周年纪念日.三十年来,学会的生态环境不断改善,为自然、社会、经济的可持续发展,为和谐社会建设,作出了积极的贡献.在此,让我们怀着崇敬的心情,深切怀念已故的生态学家和关注生态学事业的领导.他们是:蒲蛰龙、刘田夫、陈封怀、李沛文、庞雄飞、何绍颐、邹仁林、邹国础、伍尚忠、莫熙穆、毕志树、黄中强、金烈、胡怀默、贾云飞、曾天勋、沈汝锋、刘集汉、高佩章等同志.他们的敬业精神,值得我们继承和发扬.同时,我们对为学会事业作出突出贡献的学会工作者表示衷心感谢.他们是:张宏达、彭少麟、万洪富、骆世明、王伯荪、段舜山、龚峥、王绍仪、许炼烽、余金照、陈桂珠、何国梁、张金泉、赵成武、 薛加林、陸玲等同志.他们的奉献精神是我们学习的榜样.     

《遗传》杂志“封面人物”征稿启事

近年来,《遗传》的封面设计受到广大读者和专家的好评,每期的“封面人物”既介绍了遗传学家的生平与贡献,又回顾了那段历史,给人以启发和教益。2003年以来,陆续介绍过的国际著名遗传学家有孟德尔、摩尔根、魏斯曼、贝特森、德弗里斯、高尔顿、约翰逊、科赛尔、莱文、沃森、克里克、麦克林托克、木原均、瓦维洛夫、穆勒、莫诺、科恩伯格、杜布赞斯基、尼伦伯格、李景均、兰德斯坦纳、艾弗里、比德尔、德尔布吕克、莱德伯格、穆利斯、徐道觉、蒋有兴、桑格、伯内特、泰明、伯格等。2007年,还将陆续介绍伯格、波特、本则尔、克里斯蒂安娜、利川…     

国际自然保护协会第五次大会记

国际自然保护协会成立于1949年。现在它包括奥地利、比利时、英国、德国、荷兰、希腊、丹麦、印度、意大利、墨西哥、挪威、波兰、苏联、美国、土耳其、法国、瑞士、瑞典等国家的科学与社会团体。协会会员的团体的总数在200个以上。协会的主席是著名的法国植物学家、巴黎自然历史博物馆馆长汉姆(R.Heim)教授。协会目前的工作由设于布     

十种苯丙氨酸衍生物对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞系B16的作用研究

该文研究了十种苯丙氨酸（Phe）的对位衍生物Fp、Clp、Bp、Ip、Ap、Np、Sp、Mp、Pp、Cp对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞系B16的细胞毒性、诱导细胞凋亡作用和抑制细胞成集落作用。结果表明,它们的细胞毒性大小依次为Pp、Fp、Mp、Ip、Sp、Ap、Bp。其中Mp和Ip的毒性相近,Sp和Ap的毒性相近。它们诱导细胞凋亡的作用强弱依次为Fp、Mp、Ip。其中Mp和Ip的作用相近。它们抑制细胞成集落的作用大小依次为Pp、Fp、Ip、Mp、Sp、Bp、Np、Ap。其中Pp、Fp、Ip、Mp的作用相近,Sp、Bp、Np的作用相近。初步的细胞毒理分析表明,Fp、Mp、Ip能够诱导B16细胞凋亡和抑制B16细胞形成集落。     

太湖流域主要植物异戊二烯排放研究

采用封闭式采样方法及光离子化气体分析仪 (GC_PID)直接分析测定了太湖地区的 94种植物的异戊二烯排放通量 ,结果表明 :在太湖地区 ,排放异戊二烯的植物有山茶、芭蕉、白栎、茶、垂柳、刺槐、短柄抱栎、法国梧桐、风尾竹、枫香、钻天杨、合欢、河柳、胡枝子、槐树、黄檀、箭竹、苦楝、苦竹、莲、芦苇、罗汉松、毛白杨、毛竹、女贞、山鸡椒、十大功劳、柿子、算盘子、甜槠、香蒲、水稻、云实、樟树、梓榈、紫荆、紫穗槐、紫藤。毛竹作为太湖地区分布非常广泛的一种人工植被 ,大量释放异戊二烯 ,排放潜力达 1 1 6 .0 4± 2 3 .3 5ug·g- 1 dw·h- 1 ,有可能会影响到该地区的大气臭氧浓度。     

野生植物资源的识别及简易测定法

我国是世界上植物最丰富种类最多的国家。祖国的东西、南北各地高山平原、池沼湖泊、江河海洋;祖国的每一个角落,都生长着形形色色的种类繁多的野生植物。其中有的植物的根茎、叶、花、果实、种子。可提取油脂、芳香油,作为制造油漆、油墨、肥皂、机器润滑油、照明用的灯油、原料作为提取香精,香料的原料。有的植物的根茎、鳞茎、球茎、果实、种子里含有丰富的淀粉它可以代替粮食(面粉、米等)作为酿酒,制糖提取酒精的原料。有的植物的根、茎、叶、种子上的毛含有轫性大、弹性强、纤维长的纤维     

依水而居的小精灵

正湿地水鸟是那些在形态和行为上适应湿地生活的鸟类的总称。它们是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,也是湿地健康状况最为敏感的指标物种,具体包括潜鸟、、鹈鹕、鸬鹚、鹳、琵鹭、鹮、鹭、鳽、天鹅、雁、鸭、鹤、秧鸡、鸻、鹬、鸥、燕鸥和翠鸟等多个类群。它们栖息于近海岛屿、沿海滩涂、河口、湖泊、江河,乃至库塘、溪流和农田等各类湿地之中,其秀丽的身姿、绚丽     

奇妙的植物细胞线粒体

作者近年检查了番茄、辣椒、蚕豆、扁豆、大豆、赤豆、花生、西瓜、甜瓜、丝瓜、薄荷、一串红、洋葱、慈菇、蒜、韭、小麦、大麦、玉米、水稻、稗牛筋草、水杉、广玉兰、夹竹桃、女贞、珊瑚树(Viburnum odoratissimum)木槿、海桐、栀子、樱花等三十多种植物的组织细胞,发现这些植物的分生组织、分泌结构及贮藏组织的细胞线粒体一般量多,用针等适当刺激这些部位能加速植株的生长和发育,减少病虫害,提高产量。     

组织工程的临床研究——组织工程连载之五

组织工程研究涉及的临床科室包括骨科、普外科、五官科、康复医学科、泌尿科、口腔颌面外科、神经外科、整形外科、胸外科、眼科、肝胆外科、血管外科;涉及的组织器官有:神经组织、肝脏组织、角膜组织、膀胱组织、血液、韧带、耳朵、生殖道、手、脂肪、乳房、心脏、肾脏、胰腺、管状组织(用于建造肠管、食管、气管、血管、肾和尿道等)等.其中皮肤组织、软骨组织、骨组织等的研究应用较为成熟.从最初工程化组织或器官的立项研究到最终批准临床应用,这是一个漫长的过程,需要众多不同学科的科研人员共同努力.随着基础研究和临床应用的深入发展,现代组织工程正在成为治疗组织、器官衰竭的有效疗法和辅助手段.     

Degradation of coniferyl alcohol and other lignin-related aromatic compounds by Nocardia sp. DSM 1069

Nocardia sp. DSM 1069 was grown on mineral salt media with coniferyl alcohol, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid or veratric acid as sole sources of carbon and energy. During incubation on coniferyl alcohol, the formation of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and quantitative accumulation of vanillic acid and proteocatechuic acid could be achieved with mutants. Washed cell suspensions of N. sp. grown on 4-methoxybenzoic acid, oxidized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. Cells grown on veratric acid, oxidized vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Cell extracts were shown to cleave protocatechuic acid by ortho-fission.A mutant without protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity was not influenced in its growth on 3 methoxybenzoic acid. Cell free extracts of cells grown on 3-methoxybenzoic acid were shown to catalyze the oxidation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid). The resulting ring cleavage product was further metabolized by a glutathione dependent reaction.The specificity of the demethylation reactions has been investigated with a mutant unable to grow on vanillic acid. This mutant was not impaired in the degradation of isovanillic acid, 4-methoxy-, or 3-methoxybenzoic acid, whereas growth of this mutant on veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) was only half as much as that of the wild type. Concomitantly with growth on veratric acid this mutant accumulated vanillic acid with a yield of about 50%.A pathway for the catabolism of coniferyl alcohol, involving oxidation and shortening of the side chain, and of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and veratric acid with protocatechuic acid as intermediate is being proposed. A second one is proposed for the degradation of 3-methoxybenzoic acid with gentisic acid as intermediate.     

The metabolism of n-decane by a Pseudomonas

The growth of a Pseudomonas on n-decane was found to produce stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid, beta-hydroxydecanoic acid, beta-hydroxyoctanoic acid, beta-hydroxyhexanoic acid and beta-hydroxyadipic acid. Small amounts of n-decanamide and n-valeramide were also isolated. The effects of nitrogen and oxygen limitation on the formation of these products in continuous fermentations is reported.     

酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状及展望

酸沉降影响下物质循环及其不平衡研究;酸沉降对土壤理化性质的影响;森林水化学方面的研究;酸沉降下重金属的活化研究;酸沉降对植物生长的影响研究;酸沉降和气候变化对森林的影响;模拟酸雨对土壤理化性质和植物生长的影响;酸沉降下土壤风化问题的研究;运用模型对酸化问题的研究;森林土壤人为和自然的酸化;酸沉降临界负荷的研究;酸沉降和其它污染物对植物的联合影响;酸化土壤恢复研究等方面介绍了酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状,并阐明了今后研究的方向及应该注意的问题。     

L-阿拉伯糖对尿酸的调节作用

转录因子是一类在生物生命活动过程中起到调控作用的重要因子,参与了各种信号转导和调控过程,可以直接或间接结合在顺式作用元件上,实现调控目标基因转录效率的抑制或增强,从而使植物在应对逆境胁迫下做出反应。 WRKY转录因子在大多数植物体内都有分布,是一类进化非常保守的转录因子家族,参与植物生长发育以及响应逆境胁迫的生理过程。众多研究表明,WRKY转录因子在植物中能够应答各种生物胁迫,如细菌、病毒和真菌等;多种非生物胁迫,包括高温、冷害、高光和高盐等;以及在各种植物激素,包括茉莉酸( JA)、水杨酸( SA)、脱落酸( ABA)和赤霉素( GA)等,在其信号传递途径中都起着重要作用。 WRKY转录因子家族蛋白至少含有一段60个氨基酸左右的高度保守序列,被称为WRKY结构域,其中WRKYGQK多肽序列是最为保守的,因此而得名。该转录因子的WRKY结构域能与目标基因启动子中的顺式作用元件W￣box( TTGAC序列)特异结合,从而调节目标基因的表达,其调控基因表达主要受病原菌、虫咬、机械损伤、外界胁迫压力和信号分子的诱导。该文介绍了植物WRKY转录因子在植物应对冷害、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫与病菌、虫害等生物胁迫反应中的重要调控功能,并总结了WRKY转录因子在调控这些逆境胁迫反应过程中的主要生理机制。     

几种化感物质替代物间的互作效应分析

运用正交旋转回归试验设计分析5种常见的化感物质替代物水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和阿魏酸间对稗草根长的互作效应,以探明化感物质抑草作用机理.结果表明,水杨酸和对羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸和肉桂酸间增效或拮抗的互作效应与各因子在化合物中浓度水平密切相关.水杨酸在浓度<0.14mmol·L^-1时,对对羟基苯甲酸表现为增效作用;当浓度>0.14mmol·L^-1时,则表现为拮抗作用.而对羟基苯甲酸在浓度为0.425mmol·L^-1时,对水杨酸表现为拮抗作用.在所考察的浓度范围内,水杨酸对肉桂酸都具有拮抗作用,而肉桂酸在浓度为0.14mmol·L^-1时对水杨酸表现出拮抗作用.在所考察的浓度范围中,香草酸与肉桂酸的作用效果都是增效的.     

Effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in mice

The effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in mice has been studied. After the mice were on diets containing added ascorbic acid for two months, the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in the mouse liver homogenates were measured using L-gulono-gamma-lactone as a substrate. Exogenous ascorbic acid intake (0.5, 1 or 5% in the diet) was able to increase the concentration of ascorbic acid in the blood and to decrease the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in mouse liver. The results suggest that ascorbic acid synthesis was controlled by local regulatory mechanism or by the concentration of ascorbic acid in the hepatic portal blood. Ingestion of dietary erythorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid, had no effect on the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes.     

Increased (23R)-hydroxylase activity in patients suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, resulting in (23R)-hydroxylation of bile acids

Patients suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, an inborn error of metabolism in bile acid synthesis, excrete excessive amounts of 23-hydroxylated bile alcohols, 23-norcholic acid and 23-hydroxycholic acid into urine. In this study the configuration of this excreted 23-hydroxycholic acid was established as (23R)-hydroxycholic acid. Urine samples of two treated patients, receiving chenodeoxycholic acid, were investigated to see whether this administered bile acid was partly converted into 23-hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid. One patient was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid for 1 month and subsequently with chenodeoxycholic acid, and the urinary excretion of both (23R)-hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid and (23R)-hydroxyursodeoxycholic acid were followed. Indeed, all three patients excreted (23R)-hydroxylated chenodeoxycholic acid during oral treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid, and the patient treated with ursodeoxycholic acid excreted (23R)-hydroxylated ursodeoxycholic acid. During treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid the excretion of (23R)-hydroxychenodeoxycholic acid increases at first and later on decreases markedly. These findings suggest increased (23R)-hydroxylase activity in patients suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, acting both on endogenously synthesized bile alcohols and on exogenously administered bile acids; during continuation of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in an effective dose (750 mg/day) this enzyme activity gradually disappears.     

不同pH的酚酸溶液对杉木及萝卜幼苗生长的影响

通过四因素五水平的二次回归正交旋转试验设计 ,研究 pH值、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草醛四个因素对杉木和萝卜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明 ,杉木幼苗的鲜重生长随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。比较 3种不同酚类物质对杉木幼苗生长的影响 ,肉桂酸对杉木幼苗生长的影响 >对羟基苯甲酸 >香草醛 ,且 pH值与肉桂酸之间 ;肉桂酸与香草醛之间 ;对羟基苯甲酸与香草醛之间的交互作用都达到显著水平。萝卜幼苗生长对不同pH的酚酸溶液的反应与杉木幼苗相类似 ,随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。但对羟基苯甲酸对萝卜幼苗生长的影响 >肉桂酸 >香草醛 ,酚酸溶液的 pH值与所有 3种酚酸之间的交互作用都达到显著水平 ;肉桂酸与香草醛的交互作用对萝卜幼苗生长的影响也达到F0 0 1水平显著。     

The host plant-mediated impact of simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari, Tetranychidae)

Abstract:  The host plant-mediated impact of simulated acid rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.6, and 6.8) on the behaviour, development, and reproduction of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals), were evaluated at 25°C in a series of laboratory trials. The results indicated that the adults of carmine spider mite prefer to aggregate on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated eggplant leaves. The developmental times of nymph, larva and the pre-oviposition period of the mite on kidney bean leaves were significantly affected by acid rain treatments. The developmental times for the immature stages ranged from 11.4 days on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 12.7 days on other acid rain-treated leaves. The survival of immatures varied from 85.14% on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 78.83% on deionized water-treated leaves (pH 6.8). The mites feeding on acid rain-treated leaves (pH 3.0–5.6) had significantly greater reproductivity and longevity than those feeding on deionized water-treated leaves. The average greatest reproductivity (74.6 eggs per female) and longest female longevity (8.9 days) were recorded on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves. Accordingly, the intrinsic rate of increase ( r _m ) for the mite on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves was the highest. Jackknife estimates of r _m varied from 0.201 on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 0.158 on pH 5.6 acid rain-treated leaves. The results implied that the population growth of the mite were enhanced by application of acid rain (pH 3.0–5.6) on host plants.     

熊果酸衍生物的合成及其对肺癌细胞活性抑制的研究

目的：探讨合成的熊果酸衍生物对肺癌LTEP-α-2肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法：熊果酸经氧化、肟化和腙化合成为3-氧代熊果酸、3-肟基熊果酸和3-（2＇,4＇-二硝基）-苯腙熊果酸。采用MTT法检测熊果酸及其衍生物对肺癌LTEP-α-2细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果：熊果酸及其衍生物对肺癌LTEP-α-2细胞有抑制作用,且3-肟基熊果酸对肺癌LTEP-α-2细胞抑制作用高于其他化合物,其抑制率为90.0%,IC50为7.4μg/m L。结论：熊果酸衍生物3-肟基熊果酸抗肺癌LTEP-α-2肿瘤细胞活性高于熊果酸的活性。