甘蔗愈伤组织超低温保存中一些因素的研究

对甘蔗愈伤组织超低温保存中几个主要因素进行了多方面的对比试验,为甘蔗愈伤组织的超低温保存提供了一套较佳的技术。实验结果表明:愈伤组织的适宜培养时间是10—15天。较好的冰冻保护剂是10%二甲亚砜(DMSO)+0.5mol/l 山梨糖醇,在0℃预处理30—45分钟。较佳的冰冻程序是以1℃/分的降温速度从0℃降到-40℃,停留1—3小时,然后浸入液氮中贮存。用自来水冲洗化冻同40℃水浴中化冻的效果一样良好。化冻后的愈伤组织在黑暗培养中生长好,存活率高。经过半年超低温保存后的愈伤组织在再培养中生长良好,并产生大量的新植株。此项结果为甘蔗种质的长期保存提供了可能性。     

焦性磷酸酶的组织化学显示法

甲) 硷性焦性磷酸酶(alkaline pyrophosphase)的显示法: 1) 新鲜组织片固定于冷的5%中性福尔马林液中(此液含有0.9%氯化钠)1小时。 2) 以0.9%氯化钠洗10—20分钟。 3) 冰冻切片(20—35微米),切片径入0.9%氯化钠中或酶作用基液中(Substrate solution)。 4) 切片入酶作用基液内,在37℃下作用3小时,基液之     

ABC法显示5-HT与脑血管双染技术及意义

5-羟色胺(5-HT)是己知最强的颅内血管收缩剂之一,对维持脑血管结构的完整性有十分重的意义.由于研究5-HT 在急性脑缺血病发生、发展过程中的作用,我们对5-HT 与脑血管在同一切片上进行了双标染色,取得了满意结果。1 材料与方法:选用健康 Wistar 大白鼠用过量比妥钠经腹腔麻醉后,结扎一侧颈内动脉30分钟,取脑组织1.5cm×1 cm×0.5cm 用0.5%戊二醛—4%多聚甲醛4℃固定6～9小时,切成40μm 冰冻切片用 DBA液(0.05mol/L pH7.6TBS 100ml、DAB 50mg、30%H_2O?_2 30u])显示血管10～15分钟,然后再用 ABC 法结合改良的 DAB 显色法(0.05mol/LpH 7.6 TBS 10ml,TAB 4mg、8%Nicl 50ul、3%H_2O_2 25ul)     

微管的冷稳定性与植物抗寒性关系的研究

利用间接免疫荧光的细胞化学技术对番茄、黄瓜、菠菜、甜菜及小麦等不同抗寒性植物微管的冷稳性进行了比较研究。结果指出,不抗寒的喜温性植物番茄和黄瓜的气孔保卫细胞的微管在0℃—1℃冷处理3小时即解聚;属于中等抗寒性植物的菠菜和甜菜幼苗经秋季低温锻炼后,其气孔保卫细胞的微管在0℃和—5℃低温处理3小时,均不发生解聚;具有较强抗寒性的冬小麦品种农大139幼苗在2—3℃低温锻炼期间,微管结构保持完整,经过15天低温锻炼的幼苗在-8℃冰冻处理3小时,微管也不受破坏。这些结果表明,微管的冷稳性与植物的抗寒性成正相关。     

血清样本双向电泳操作条件的优化

为建立分辨率高、重复性好的血清样品双向电泳技术,本文从血清样品的水化、等电聚焦、胶条的平衡、胶条的染色等几个方面对双向电泳操作条件进行了分析。结果表明采用以下的操作过程可以获得分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳结果：样品水化2小时（25℃);胶条泡涨12-16小时(25℃);17cm胶条的等点聚焦程序采用 250V线性1小时/1000V线性1小时/4000V线性2小时/8000V线性3小时/8000V线性10小时/500V快速0.5小时/,11cm的胶条的等点聚焦程序采用250V慢速4小时/1000V快速2小时/4000V快速1小时/8000V快速2.5小时/8000V快速7小时/500V快速30分钟;两次平衡各15-20分钟;银染条件为固定两小时或过夜,敏化50-60分钟,定影30-40分钟,显影10分钟左右,终止10分钟）。这一研究对利用双向电泳分析血清蛋白具有很好的参考价值。     

抗寒剂CR-4 对冬小麦幼苗质膜钙泵（Ca2 +-ATPase） 的稳定作用

通过磷酸铈沉淀的细胞化学观察揭示,常温下生长的冬小麦幼苗的Ca2+ -ATP酶活性主要定位在质膜上,同时,水浸种和抗寒剂浸种的小麦质膜Ca2+ -ATP酶活性没有差异。然而,小麦幼苗经-7℃冰冻处理12小时和24小时后,则表现明显的区别：水浸种的小麦幼苗质膜Ca2+ -ATP酶活性明显下降,直至完全失活,细胞的精细结构也同时被破坏;而经抗寒剂浸种的小麦幼苗质膜Ca2+ -ATP酶仍维持较高的活性,细胞结构也保持完整,显示抗寒剂对质膜Ca2+ -ATPase酶起着明显的稳定作用。     

实验12 cDNA文库的简易构建法

一、合成cDNA单链 1.按照实验3的操作程序,从哺乳类细胞中抽提poly(A)~+mRNA。 2.建立合成cDNA单链的反应系统:50mM Tris·HCI pH8.3(42℃时测定pH值);10mM MgCl_2;10mM DTT;4mM焦磷酸钠;1.25mM dGTP;1.25mM dATP;1.25mM TTP;0.5mM dCTP;15—20μCi α-~32P-dCTP(3000 Ci/mmol);100微克/毫升oligo(dT_12-18);150微克/毫升 Poly(A)~+mRNA;3000单位/毫升反转录酶,用水调节至最终体积为20或40微升。43℃保温30分钟。     

不同降温速率对脐血干细胞冷冻复苏后生物学特性的影响

考察了不同降温速率对脐血造血干细胞各种生物学特性的影响。在4℃～-40℃的降温范围内,分别选择-0.5℃/min, -1℃/min, -5℃/min的降温速率进行降温,对复苏后的脐血单个核细胞的回收率、活性和CD34+含量的变化以及BFU-E、CFUGM和CFU-MK集落的回收率进行了考察,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下,脐血MNC回收率可达93.3%±1.8%,活性可达95.0%±3.9%, CD34^＋细胞回收率达80.0%±17.9%,BFUE回收率为87.1%±5.5%,CFUGM回收率达88.5%±8.9%,CFUMK的回收率也达到86.2%±7.4%。并且对复苏后的细胞进一步进行体外培养,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下复苏的细胞仍然具有与未经冷冻细胞相似的扩增能力,而-0.5℃/min和-5℃/min这两种降温速率条件下复苏的细胞与未经冷冻的细胞相比差距较大。因而-1℃/min的降温速率对冻存脐血干细胞比较合适。     

烟草头孢霉汞还原酶特性的研究

经检测,抗汞真菌烟草头孢霉(Cephalosporium tabacinum)F2菌株中具有汞五原酶活性。该酶是一种胞内酶,需NADH作为电子供体,催化Hg2+还原成为元素汞(Hgo)。该酶促反应还需硫氢基化合物,反应最适温度为30℃,最适pH范围为7．0-8.0。在25—30℃保温40分钟或在pH7．0保温2小时,酶活力均是稳定的。金属离子Ag+,Co2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Mn2+和Ni2+在浓变为0．2-1．0mmol／L的范围内,对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用,一定浓度的乙酸苯汞和铁氰化钾对酶活力也有部分抑制作用。     

高产天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌细胞的固定化

用聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋具有高活力天冬氨酸酶的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)No.1细胞。该酶的表现活力高达1638 00u／g湿细胞,酶活力的回收率为97．5％。固定化细胞和游离细胞天冬氨酸酶的最适pH均为8．0,最适温度分别为40—45℃和40—55℃。二价金属离子Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+对热钝化的天冬氨酸酶活力具有保护作用。在37—45℃下,两种细胞的热稳定性相同。二者在pH6．0的柠檬酸缓冲液中比较稳定。固定化细胞在1mol／L、pH8．0的底物溶液(内含Mn2+1mmol／L)中于4℃冰箱保存6个月,天冬氨酸酶的活力保持不变。用固定化细胞柱连续生产L-天冬氨酸,底物转化为产物的转化率达95％以上;产物的总 收率为91．1％。固定化细胞柱连续运转40天,天冬氨酸酶活力仍保持最初酶活力的90％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.