利用荧光X射线分析仪实现PTA装置催化剂质量浓度自动控制

PTA装置的氧化反应中所使用的催化剂价格昂贵。为降低生产成本，回收利用反应后溶剂中尚存的催化剂，可以利用荧光X射线在线分析仪对其质量浓度进行实时监测，及时获得准确数据，再通过自动控制系统补充新鲜催化剂．从而满足反应需要。重点说明荧光X射线在线催化剂分析仪的工作原理、组成及催化剂质量浓度自动控制系统组成。     

X射线平板数字成像技术在螺旋焊缝检测中的应用

简要介绍了X射线平板数字成像系统的主要组成、基本原理及其特点。在螺旋焊缝检测中,为充分发挥X射线平板数字成像系统的作用,提高检测准确性,首先要正确安装,保证平板探测器外表面与被检物件之间的最佳距离;其次要用好窗框、窗位的调节、视图的控制、模式的设定及抓图的设置等。最后,介绍了X射线平板数字成像技术在螺旋焊缝检测中的实际应用情况。     

螺旋埋弧焊钢管拍片检测中散射线的屏蔽

简要介绍了螺旋埋弧焊钢管X射线检测通常采用的方法，分析了螺旋埋弧焊钢管拍片检测中的散射线来源及其对拍片质量的影响，给出了几种切实可行的散射线屏蔽方法。实际使用证明，多层增感屏对背散射、铅板补偿对前散射均有较好的屏蔽效果。     

Contamination of Explosive Materials with N-Methylpyrrolidin-2-One (NMP)

Several explosive materials,viz.,triaminotrinitrobenzene,(TATB), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), that had been processed using the solvent N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP) were found by 1 H NMR and head-space GC-MS to be contaminated with small amounts (0.15-0.2 wt% for TATB, 0.1- 0.5 wt% for HNS, and 0.1-0.2 wt% for FOX-7) of this solvent. Attempts to reduce the level of contamination by a variety of methods were only partially successful.     

Characterization of Indian Bentonite Clay Samples for Water-based Drilling Fluids

Abstract

The rheological properties and filtration loss property of water-based drilling fluids greatly depends upon the quality and quantity of the bentonite clay, as well as the additives that are used in their formulations. To ascertain the quality of the bentonite clay, three raw Indian bentonite clays have been characterized using X-ray diffraction techniques and X-ray fluorescence techniques. The physicochemical properties, like swelling index, cation exchange capacities, and yield of clay, have also been carried out using standard API recommended procedures. The laboratory investigation reveals that these three bentonite clays are quite suitable for the development of water-based oil well drilling fluids.     

扫描式X射线成像器在锅炉生产行业中的应用

目前,锅炉生产行业的绝大多数企业都使用X射线电视实时成像系统检测小口径管子对接环焊缝.作为大批量管子焊接质量检测的有效手段,该方法在生产中具有不可替代的作用.但X射线电视实时成像系统采用图像增强器作为射线接收装置,具有体积大、射线转化效率低、易老化、图像噪声大、灵敏度低及设备使用成本高等弊端.成功开发了扫描式X射线成像...     

Frozen and defrosted fruit revealed with X-ray dark-field radiography

A novel non-destructive method for distinguishing frozen and defrosted fruit and berries using X-ray dark-field radiography is proposed. In this proof-of-principle study we are able to discern between the raw and frozen state of two kinds of berries and a piece of mandarin as well as between the raw and defrosted state of one of the berries. Contrast-to-noise (CNR) values of around 2.5 are obtained with X-ray dark-field radiography whereas almost no contrast is found with conventional X-ray radiography with CNR values around 0.2.     

X射线数字平板成像技术与胶片成像技术在焊管生产中的应用对比

介绍了X射线胶片成像技术和X射线数字平板成像技术的主要特征指标及其在焊管生产中的应用。对实际应用中两种检测方法的灵敏度、成本消耗等进行了对比,并从成像速度、空间分辨率、一次投入费用/运营成本及使用适用性等几个方面对三种数字平板成像技术非晶硅（a-Si）、非晶硒（a-Se）和CMOS与胶片成像技术进行了排序。通过对比发现,两种方法具有各自的特点和局限性,在未来一段时期的焊管生产中,两种方法将维持共存的现状,可根据不同环境、不同检测部位选择应用。     

拟薄水铝石中杂质钙含量的快速分析

采用经验系数法校正基体效应,建立了采用X射线荧光法分析拟薄水铝石中Ca含量的方法,考察了校正方案对分析结果的影响。结果表明,在Ca质量分数高于0.100%时,校正元素Al及Ca同时影响分析结果;Ca质量分数低于0.100%时,Ca自身的吸收增强效应成为主要影响因素;采用分段校正,方法的误差小于1.50%,精密度不大于0.08%,可用于快速筛选拟薄水铝石。     

Influence of 1,4-dinitropiperazine (DNP) on the pressure index of rdx containing extruded double base propellants

Abstract

Effect of 1,4-dinitropiperazine (DNP) in bringing down the pressure index (n) in RDX - containing extruded double base propellents has been studied. Experiments have been conducted on two sets of formulations based on controls of low calorimetric value (870 cal/g) and high calorimetric value (1070 cal/g). RDX content was varied between 10 and 20% and DNP content from 2 to 6 parts per 100 parts of the base composition. DNP alone does not bring down n appreciably; however, in conjuction with Basic Lead Salicylate, a well known ballistic modifier (2 parts), it brings down the n in the 70–105 kg/cm² pressure range significantly. The effect is more pronounced in the low calorimetric value compositions and a plateau effect has been observed. Addition of dinitropiperazine does not adversely affect the thermal and chemical stability of the formulations nor their mechanical properties. The temperature sensitivity of burn rate of DNP containing formulations was reduced to 0.21% / °C as compared to that of the control having of 0.32% / °C.     

Use of X-ray computed microtomography to understand why gels reduce relative permeability to water more than that to oil

X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) was used to investigate why gels reduce relative permeability to water more than that to oil in strongly water-wet Berea sandstone. XMT allows saturation differences to be monitored for individual pores during various stages of oil, water, and gelant flooding. The method also characterizes distributions of pore size, aspect ratio, and coordination number for the porous media. We studied a Cr(III) acetate–HPAM gel that reduced permeability to water (at S_or) by a factor 80–90 times more than that to oil (at S_wr). In Berea, the gel caused disproportionate permeability reduction by trapping substantial volumes of oil that remained immobile during water flooding (i.e., 43.5% S_or before gel placement versus 78.7% S_or after gel placement). With this high trapped oil saturation, water was forced to flow through narrow films, through the smallest pores, and through the gel itself. In contrast, during oil flooding, oil pathways remained relatively free from constriction by the gel.     

焊缝X光图象自动跟踪系统

介绍了一种焊缝Ｘ光图象自动识别跟踪系统，该系统用于焊缝的射线检测。从硬件和软件两个方面描述了系统的工作原理，现场实验结果表明系统工作良好。     

含介质压力管道X射线检测技术研究

通过含介质管道环焊缝缺陷模拟实验和实际运行状态检测对比,有针对性地改进检测工艺和检测设备,解决了气体或液体介质存在对X射线照相底片清晰度差、对比度小、灵敏度低的问题,提高了对缺陷识别和缺陷定性、定量、定位的准确性,获得了带介质管道射线检测的规律,制定了最佳工艺规范。     

X射线荧光法测定裂化催化剂中MgO含量

建立了用X射线荧光光谱仪测定裂化催化剂中MgO含量的方法。采用粉末压片法分析试样中含量在1％以内的MgO2含量，相对标准偏差小于5％。该法是一种样品不需要处理、可直接在仪器上测量的快速、准确、实用的分析方法。     

平板DR数字成像技术在焊管行业中的应用

介绍了DR数字成像技术的工作原理及其在焊管行业检测中的应用。在灵敏度检测、图像分辨率、剩磁影响和辐射剂量等方面与传统的X射线工业电视的检测效果进行了比较分析。结果表明,DR数字成像技术具有检测灵敏度和检测效率较高、劳动强度小、辐射剂量小等优点,保证了焊缝质量,大大降低了管线的事故发生率,可以替代传统X射线工业电视检测技术在焊管行业的应用。     

采用能量色散X射线荧光仪测定分子筛中硫酸根离子的含量

建立了采用能量色散X射线荧光仪测定分子筛中硫酸根离子含量的分析方法,考察了所建方法的准确度和精密度。结果表明,在测试介质为空气,工作电压为6 kV,工作电流为200μA,计数时间为180 s,最小ROI为2.198,最大ROI为2.433的测试条件下,工作曲线的线性相关系数为0.999 3;测定20个w(SO24-)为0.13%～1.50%的工业分子筛样品,方法的准确度(绝对误差)为0.01%～0.14%,平均值为0.03%;测定8个w(SO24-)为0.158%～3.321%的标准试样,每个样品测试10次,方法的精密度(相对标准偏差)为0.41%～2.94%。     

X光图象实时自动评判系统的研制

介绍了Ｘ光图象实时自动评判系统。该系统的核心是采用多ＣＰＵ并行处理、Ⅲ中央计算机协调控制管理的结构，能对焊缝图象进行快速预处理、存贮、缺陷提取，识别，定位，计量、判级等操作，样机的焊缝检查速度已达２．７ｍ／ｍｉｎ，，具备了自动、实时的功能。该系统的推广、使用、将对无损检测领域产生深远的影响。     

中间相沥青显微结构的研究

用热台偏光显微镜（ＨＳＭＯ）对乙烯渣油中间相沥青（ＥＴＭＰ）和澄清油中间相沥青（ＤＯＭＰ）的显微结构进行了静态观察，对ＥＴＭＰ和ＤＯＭＰ经四氢喹啉（ＴＨＱ），加氢改性后氢化沥青热动态中形成的显微结构及其变化进行了研究；用Ｘ－光衍射（ＸＲＤ）技术研究了中间相沥青，氢化改性中间相沥青的晶格参数及变化；通过显微结构的研究，对制备高性能碳纤维的原料－中间相沥青作了初步的评价。     

大庆油田泥岩浸水速度试验

大庆油田套管井的损坏主要发生在泥岩层,泥岩浸水是引起套管井损坏的主要原因。文中用试验的方法对泥岩层浸水方式和速度进行了研究。试验岩样取自大庆油田中342-检21井,研究的结果发现,泥岩浸水不但沿层理方向浸水,而且也沿垂直层面的方向浸水,浸入水主要沿着微裂缝流动;注水压力决定浸水深度,浸水速度随注水压力上升而迅速增加。     

X射线探伤技术对埋弧焊管焊缝检测中气孔缺陷的判定方法

介绍了X射线探伤的工作原理。埋弧焊管制造过程中,由于各种原因导致焊缝处产生气孔缺陷,为了对该类气孔缺陷进行准确定位,引入了相似三角形法。并通过实例介绍了采用相似三角形法对焊缝气孔缺陷的深度和位置进行定位的过程,再结合相关标准要求,判定缺陷是否超标。相似三角形法能快速准确地判定焊缝内的气孔缺陷是否超标,适用于X射线胶片紧贴工件底面、焦距较大的情况。