Fractional order modeling and control of dissimilar redundant actuating system used in large passenger aircraft

In this paper, a methodology has been developed to address the issue of force fighting and to achieve precise position tracking of control surface driven by two dissimilar actuators. The nonlinear dynamics of both actuators are first approximated as fractional order models. Based on the identified models, three fractional order controllers are proposed for the whole system. Two Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers are dedicated to improving transient response and are designed in a position feedback configuration. In order to synchronize the actuator dynamics, a third fractional order PI controller is designed, which feeds the force compensation signal in position feedback loop of both actuators. Nelder-Mead (N-M) optimization technique is employed in order to optimally tune controller parameters based on the proposed performance criteria. To test the proposed controllers according to real flight condition, an external disturbance of higher amplitude that acts as airload is applied directly on the control surface. In addition, a disturbance signal function of system states is applied to check the robustness of proposed controller. Simulation results on nonlinear system model validated the performance of the proposed scheme as compared to optimal PID and high gain PID controllers.     

液体火箭发动机径向不稳定燃烧数值分析模型

应用数值模拟分析方法对液体火箭发动机径向不稳定燃烧完成了初步分析，并分析了声腔的阻尼特性。数值方法采用一步隐式预测、两步显式校正进行非定常流动计算的PISO算法。建立了不稳定燃烧声腔分析模型及压力挑动模型，通过模拟计算压力扰动波的传播过程考察发动机的燃烧稳定性。     

磁悬浮球系统的一种非线性控制方法研究

介绍了磁悬浮球系统的数学模型,并构造了一种非线性状态观测器;其次,设计了一种非线性PID控制器对误差进行控制;最后,应用MATLAB工具对闭环系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该非线性PID控制器可以改善系统响应的品质,实现快速无超调调节效果,并且控制器的参数可以在较大范围变化,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

扩展近似时间最优伺服控制及其试验验证

针对带有惯性阻尼环节的典型伺服系统,提出一种能实现大范围快速定点运动的控制方案。控制方案首先利用时间最优控制律进行快速目标追踪,当系统速度下降到一定范围内时平滑切换成线性控制律。采用线性控制区内的闭环极点阻尼系统和自然频率作为设计参数,给出了全参数化的控制律。基于Lyapunov理论分析了控制系统的闭环稳定性。将该控制方案用于一个直流伺服电机的位置-速度环的定点位置控制,并进行了MATLAB数字仿真和基于TMS320F28335 DSC的试验研究。结果表明:所设计的控制系统可以对大范围的给定目标进行快速和准确的跟踪,且对扰动和系统参数差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

智能桁架结构局部力和速度复合反馈振动控制研究

研究利用压电主动构件实现智能桁架结构振动阻尼控制的技术。控制策略采用局部积分力和局部速度复合反馈,将测量的压电主动构件弹性内力和两端节点的相对速度,经控制器放大复合后得到压电主动构件的驱动电压,实现智能桁架结构阻尼控制的目的。这种控制方法具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。通过一个空间桁架结构的振动阻尼控制实验,结果表明该控制方法是有效的。     

永磁直线同步电机超短反馈滑模控制研究

永磁直线同步电机矢量控制的速度环常采用PI控制。传统PI控制器在速度追踪时存在起动过程超调大、受到负载扰动时调节时间长等不足之处。为提高伺服性能,滑模控制被应用到伺服系统中,但其缺点是存在抖振问题。因此,提出一种基于内分泌激素调节的滑模控制方法,可以有效降低速度的超调量,缩短受到外部扰动时的调节时间。在MATLAB中搭建了系统的仿真模型,仿真结果表明其对速度和推力的控制效果显著,优于传统的PI控制和常规的滑模控制。     

一种改进的IMU加表标定模型及快速标定方法

针对MEMS产品工程应用的需求,提出了一种改进的IMU加表标定模型,更清晰地分离出与安装误差有关的投影关系阵以及与器件误差有关的刻度转化阵。并且,在此模型的基础上给出了不需转台的快速标定方法。投影关系阵不变,该方法减少了观测量,只需6位置来估计加速度计的零位和标度因数,同时进行了现场误差补偿。     

电机位置伺服控制器的参数化设计及试验比较

为在伺服电机上实现准确的位置调节,提出了基于扩展状态观测器的鲁棒复合伺服控制和带误差积分的线性反馈控制方案,并以闭环阻尼和自然频率等作为设计参数,给出了全参数化的离散时域控制律。控制律在1台永磁同步电机上进行了试验测试。结果表明鲁棒复合控制在较大范围的位置目标和负载转矩下实现准确的点位运动,瞬态性能良好;而基于积分的线性反馈控制当目标位置或负载发生变化时伺服性能出现明显恶化,缺乏鲁棒性。     

Rotational maneuver of nonlinear uncertain elastic spacecraft

The question of attitude control and elastic mode stabilization of a spacecraft (orbiter) with beam-tip-mass-type payloads is considered. A three-axis moment control law is derived to control the attitude of the spacecraft. The derivation of the control moments acting on the spacecraft does not require any information on the system dynamics. The control law includes a reference model and a dynamic compensator in the feedback path. For damping out the elastic motion excited by the slewing maneuver, an elastic mode stabilizer is designed. The stabilization is achieved by modal velocity feedback using force and torque actuators located at the payload end of the elastic beam. Collocated actuators and sensors provide robust stabilization. Simulation results are presented to show that rotational maneuvers and vibration stabilization can be accomplished in the closed-loop systems despite the presence of model uncertainty and disturbance torque in the system     

弹性飞行器操纵机构最优位置的确定

本文研究了弹性飞行器操纵机构最优位置的确定。在具有速率反馈的控制系统中,把控制作用看作等效阻尼,推导了由气动弹性效应所决定的舵面最优位置准则,给出了表征舵面位置与陀螺位置协调关系的公式。附有实例验证。     

变后掠机翼电液伺服加载系统的智能控制

 变后掠机翼加载控制系统是一类复杂系统,具有非线性、弱阻尼、强干扰、以及刚性部件和弹性部件互相关联的特征。系统控制的难点表现在:当系统缺乏阻尼的情况下稳定振动、抑制关联干扰,并使得系统具有较高的加载控制精度。本文给出互相关联电液加载系统智能控制具有优良的动态性能和很强的鲁棒性。     

Intelligent UUVs: Some issues on ROV dynamic positioning

Intelligent unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) fall under two main group categories: the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which are characterized by remote operation and presence of a tether cable; and the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), which are characterized by their autonomous behavior and absence of a tether cable. One fundamental issue of the UUV design is the dynamic position control system. This system plays a crucial role together with the sensor architecture in the degree of system autonomy that can be achieved. This paper is concerned with a few issues when dynamically positioning remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs). By restricting the operating regime of ROVs to slow velocity requirements the paper investigates the implementation of a few decentralized control strategies and compare their performance measures, which are assessed by simulating a nonlinear ROV system model for each control strategy. Issues concerning input tracking, disturbance rejection, and plant variations are discussed. The evaluations consider the use of linear PID feedback and feedforward variants, and a robust nonlinear control strategies applied to a full order, fully coupled, and nonlinear vehicle model. These evaluations consider a vehicle undertaking standard mission activities where the tether cable dynamics, with load estimates obtained from a lumped mass cable model, and the vehicle actuator system are present. The paper shows that much of the performance deterioration may be attributed mainly due to cable inertia. The authors also verify that the nonlinear robust control strategy does not necessarily allow for better performance over the linear feedback control strategies implemented when vehicle motions are confined to slow velocity profiles. These and other partial results will aid the design of the control system for an underwater vehicle currently under construction     

嵌套环MEMS陀螺研究综述

嵌套环MEMS谐振陀螺是一种基于Coriolis效应的振动陀螺,具有结构全对称、加工鲁棒性好、电容灵敏度高、可采用传统体硅加工工艺实现批量化制造等优点,是目前最具性能潜力的微陀螺方案之一。首先阐述了嵌套环MEMS谐振陀螺的基本结构和工作原理,然后针对其在敏感结构设计及演化、品质因数提升、频率匹配技术、非线性效应与参数放大技术及零偏补偿技术等方面的发展进行了讨论,并对其在结构设计、加工技术、测控电路、新机理和新效应的应用等方面的发展进行了展望。嵌套环MEMS谐振陀螺可以实现高精度的角速率测量,具有巨大的性能潜力和较好的应用前景。     

Composite anti-disturbance position and attitude control for spacecrafts with parametric uncertainty and flexible vibration

The rendezvous and proximity operations with respect to a tumbling non-cooperative target pose high requirement for the position and attitude control accuracy of servicing spacecraft.However, multiple disturbances including parametric uncertainties, flexible vibration, and unknown nonlinear dynamics degrade the control performance significantly. In order to enhance the system anti-disturbance ability, this paper proposes a composite anti-disturbance control law for the spacecraft position and at...     

Microthrusters in silicon for aerospace application

This paper reviews the results of the thermal and static analysis of small motor aerospace technology (SMART) propulsion system, constituted of a microthrusters array realised by MEMS technology on silicon wafers. This system has been studied using FEM (NASTRAN) and the results have been verified by the electro-thermic analogy and the FDM method, using, respectively, SPICE and MATLAB codes. The simulation results demonstrated the feasibility of SMART systems for aerospace applications such as attitude control and deorbiting missions for small satellite station-keeping. A theoretical impulse of 20 mNs has been calculated for the SMART system.     

含位置给定轨迹优化的位置伺服复合控制系统研究

位置动态响应速度快和响应无超调是目前高性能位置伺服系统的两个重要指标。单纯的比例或比例微分位置调节器无法同时满足这两个要求,所以提出了一种新型定位复合控制策略。首先为保证运动过程柔滑无冲击而设定速度余弦函数曲线给定,从而根据平滑变化的速度给定对位置给定信号进行轨迹优化,避免了加速度突变带来的冲击。系统控制结构上提出在前馈控制的基础上引入位置伪微分负反馈控制环节,该环节增加了系统阻尼,减少位置超调量,同时结合前馈控制保证了位置快速跟踪性能。由于采用了伪微分结构代替位置微分运算,避免了微分带来的量化噪声干扰,进一步提升了系统跟踪性能。最后给出了结构参数的取值范围。仿真和试验结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

旋转调制微机电惯性系统方案研究

微机电惯性系统具备小体积优势，但现阶段系统精度仍在消费级与战术级之间。研究了旋转调制技术在微机电惯性系统中的应用，探讨了基于PCB小型化电机的微旋转方案，并开展了单轴旋转调制验证试验，以探索旋转调制技术对微机电惯性系统性能的提升作用。结果表明，在微机电陀螺精度约为2(°)/h的条件下，该方案能够实现约0.2n mile/10min的导航精度，相较于同等惯性器件条件下的捷联式系统，精度提高了不止1个数量级，证明了该方案能够有效提高微机电惯性系统的精度。     

智能桨叶的实时模型与复合自适应振动控制

研究了智能桨叶的实时模型、控制方法与控制器的实时实现。首先,采用MX滤波器实现了对桨叶动态特性的实时在线模拟,给出了该滤波器的系数与所描述的受控结构模态参数之间的相互关系。接着,提出了一种新的复合自适应控制方法,它综合了自适应前馈控制和反馈控制的特点,实现了对桨叶阻尼和振动响应的控制。最后,在所建立的以高速信号处理器为中心的实时数字仿真系统上,实现了对单频、双频及变频、变幅值谐和激励下桨叶振动的控制,获得了良好的振动控制效果。