大白菜小孢子提取液中的蔗糖和甘露醇对胚胎发生的影响

 研究了大白菜游离小孢子提取过程中,培养基中的蔗糖和甘露醇对后期小孢子胚胎发生的影响。结果表明在小孢子短期的提取过程中提高B5提取培养基的蔗糖浓度或添加甘露醇对小孢子的活力无影响，但会大幅度提高小孢子的胚胎诱导效果，其中17%蔗糖处理和8%甘露醇处理效果最佳，与对照相比平均出胚量都达到极显著水平,同时也促进了难诱导材料的胚胎发生。     

芥蓝游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究

对12个基因型的芥蓝进行了游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究.结果表明:供体基因型对诱导胚胎发生至关重要;最佳热激温度为32℃,24h;单核靠边期到双核期的小孢子最适合进行胚胎诱导;NLN培养基中的最佳蔗糖浓度为130 g·L-1;添加活性炭可以提高成胚速度和质量;15～25 ℃的供体植株生长的环境温度决定着游离小孢子培养的成败,将子叶型胚胎转移到MS固体培养基上可直接发育成植株.     

小白菜小孢子胚状体诱导成苗及利用

以10个小白菜F1为试材进行游离小孢子培养,研究小孢子胚发生及其成苗的主要影响因素,并对获得的双单倍体以及用其配制的杂交组合的园艺学性状进行鉴定。结果表明,品种间小孢子出胚率差异较大;NLN-13培养基中大量元素减半有利于小孢子胚发生,胚诱导率达100%;培养基中添加适量的6-BA和NAA可以提高小孢子出胚率;小孢子胚成苗培养基的适宜琼脂浓度为1.0%,小孢子胚成活率可达85.88%;MS+3%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂是小孢子再生植株继代和壮苗的适宜培养基,MS+3%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂+NAA0.1mg.L-1是小孢子再生植株生根的适宜培养基;双单倍体及其与自交系配成的杂交组合整齐一致。     

羽衣甘蓝游离小孢子胚胎发生、植株再生与增殖的研究

以20份羽衣甘蓝材料为试材,采用游离小孢子培养的方法,研究了胚胎发生、胚状体成苗和丛生芽继代培养的影响因素。结果表明:在诱导胚胎发生过程中,基因型是关键因素,供试材料中有15份诱导出胚,诱导率为75%;最适蔗糖浓度也与基因型有关;在不同基因型中,6-BA与NAA最佳浓度配比为1∶1或2∶1。与B5相比,MS培养基更有利于胚状体成苗。丛生芽转接周期为15d时增殖效果最好,平均增殖系数为10.3。     

基因型和有机附加物对小白菜花药培养胚状体诱导的影响

对13个小白菜品种进行花药培养,结果表明:在B5+谷氨酰胺0.8g/L+蔗糖10%固体培养基上有11个诱导出小孢子胚。各品种间小孢子胚产量差别较大,每100枚花药产胚数(诱导率)在0.11%-17.62%之间。比较B5培养基中蔗糖、有机物浓度和谷氨酰胺配比结果表明,B5+2倍B5有机物+谷氨酰胺0.4g/L+蔗糖10%+琼脂0.8%效果较好,小孢子胚最高诱导率达103.91%。     

小菘菜游离小孢子培养技术研究

以4个引自日本的小菘菜杂交种为试材进行小孢子培养,对影响小菘菜胚状体发生及其成苗的因素进行分析。结果表明：通过游离小孢子培养,获得了大量的小孢子胚状体及再生植株85株;不同基因型间的小孢子胚诱导率差异显著;4 ℃低温预处理24 h对小孢子胚的发生具有促进作用;NLN-13+0.2 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA为适宜的诱胚培养基;50 r?min-1低频振荡培养有利于提高子叶形胚发生的比例;MS+3 %蔗糖+0.75 %琼脂+0.1 g?L-1活性炭是小孢子植株继代和壮苗的适宜培养基;MS+3 %蔗糖+ 0.75 %琼脂+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA是小孢子植株适宜的生根培养基。     

抗生素对耐抽薹大白菜小孢子胚胎发生的影响

为克服耐抽薹大白菜游离小孢子培养中出胚难的问题，以23个耐抽薹大白菜品种为试材，探究不同基因型间小孢子胚胎发生的差异以及两性霉素-B、灰黄霉素对小孢子胚诱导的影响。结果表明：采用NLN-13培养基，23份耐抽薹大白菜材料中仅有3份诱导出胚，胚诱导成功率为13.0%，且不同基因型间小孢子出胚率存在显著差异，表明基因型是影响大白菜小孢子胚胎发生的重要因素。添加适宜浓度的两性霉素-B和灰黄霉素，23份耐抽薹大白菜材料的胚诱导成功率分别达到60.9%和82.6%，添加1.0～2.0 mg·L^-1两性霉素-B和0.5 mg·L^-1灰黄霉素时诱导出胚材料数量最多，胚诱导率最高可达0.467胚·蕾^-1和0.733胚·蕾^-1，表明培养基中加入抗生素能够在一定程度上促进耐抽薹大白菜小孢子胚胎形成。     

大白菜游离小孢子培养技术高效体系的研究

以大白菜吉红82、#534DH 群体及#438 群体为试材，研究了利用细胞破碎仪机械提取小孢子与人工挤压提取小孢子对大白菜游离小孢子活力及提取量的影响。结果表明：机械提取替代人工挤压可在短时间内同时提取多份样品，并可快速调整小孢子的培养浓度。收集40 个适期花蕾于5 mL 离心管内，3 000 r·min-1 破碎10 s，将提取的小孢子定容于25 mL NLN-13 培养基，可确保小孢子浓度在适宜培养范围内，并成功诱导胚胎发生。     

红菜薹游离小孢子培养技术研究

对影响红菜薹游离小孢子培养的关键因素进行分析. 研究结果表明,不同红菜薹材料之间的小孢子胚诱导率差异很大;4℃低温预处理2 h时小孢子胚的形成具有促进作用;NLN培养基中添加生长素(NAA)和细胞分裂素(6-BA)对小孢子胚诱导率影响不大,添加浓度过大时诱导率反而降低;培养基中添加活性炭能提高小孢子胚诱导率;子叶型胚在15 g/L琼脂的培养基上直接成苗率最高,达56.7%;再生植株在MS和1/2MS+IBA(0.5 mg/L)中的生根能力最好,1/2MS生根效果其次.     

春结球黄心大白菜小孢子胚诱导和植株再生

以引自韩国和日本的14个春结球黄心大白菜优良杂交种为试材进行小孢子培养，对影响胚状体诱导和植株再生的因素进行了研究。结果表明，不同基因型春结球黄心大白菜小孢子胚诱导率达极显著水平；不同品种对培养基中添加生长调节剂的反应不同；40r·min^-1 低频振荡培养对小孢子胚诱导有促进作用；适宜的小孢子胚生芽培养基为MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 -16-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 -1NAA+3%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂。     

Chilling-injury in cucumbers. V. Polysaccharide changes in cell walls

A decline in the hot-water-soluble pectin and an increase in the hot-water-insoluble pectin were observed when cucumber fruits were subjected to chilling temperatures. Infrared absorption spectra revealed the presence of highly esterified carboxyl groups in the soluble pectin, and of free carboxyl groups in the insoluble pectin. An increase of the insoluble pectin during chilling was also found in other chilling-sensitive plants. From these results it is suggested that a de-esterification of pectin and the concomitant increase of polymeric pectin takes place during chilling, making cell walls firmer, and that these pectic changes may be a characteristic common to a number of chilling-sensitive plants.     

红菜薹栽培与育种研究进展(下)

②雄性不育系的利用田福发等(2004)采用石蜡切片技术,在光学显微镜下系统研究了红菜薹波里马胞质雄性不育系(Polima CMS)、红菜薹萝卜胞质雄性不育系(Ogura CMS)及相应保持系花药发育过程的细胞形态学特征.观察结果表明,红菜薹Polima CMS花药发育受阻于孢原细胞阶段,不形成花粉,属无花粉型,此不育系花药不形成绒毡层和中层;而红菜薹Ogura CMS花药败育发生于小孢子母细胞期或四分体时期,表现为绒毡层细胞异常,挤压四分体,导致四分体和绒毡层同时解体而败育.     

Riparian plant composition in an urbanizing landscape in southern California,U.S.A.

In coastal southern California, natural riparian corridors occur in a landscape mosaic comprised of human land uses (mainly urban and suburban development) interspersed among undeveloped areas, primarily native shrublands. We asked, does the composition of the landscape surrounding a riparian survey point influence plant species distribution, community composition, or habitat structure? We expected, for example, that invasive non-native species might be more abundant as the amount of surrounding urbanization increased. We surveyed 137 points in riparian vegetation in Orange County, California, along an urbanization gradient. Using logistic regression we analyzed 79 individual plant species’ distributions, finding 20 negatively associated and 12 positively associated with the amount of development within a 1-km radius around the survey points, even after accounting for the effects of elevation. However, after summarizing plant community composition with Detrended Correspondence Analysis we observed that, overall, community composition was not statistically correlated with the amount of development surrounding a survey point once the association between development and elevation was taken into account. Non-native species were not particularly associated with increasing development, but instead were distributed throughout vegetation and urbanization gradients. However, the extent of the tree and herb layers (structural attributes) was associated with development, with the tree layer increasing and the herb layer decreasing as urbanization increased. Thus, although the degree of surrounding urbanization appears to influence the distribution of a number of individual plant species, overall composition of the community in our study system seemed relatively unaffected. Instead, we suggest that community composition reflected larger-scale environmental conditions, such as stream order and other variables associated with elevation, and/or regional-scale disturbances, such as historic grazing or enhanced atmospheric deposition of nitrogen.     

Assessing alternative futures for agriculture in Iowa,U.S.A.

The contributions of current agricultural practices to environmental degradation and the social problems facing agricultural regions are well known. However, landscape-scale alternatives to current trends have not been fully explored nor their potential impacts quantified. To address this research need, our interdisciplinary team designed three alternative future scenarios for two watersheds in Iowa, USA, and used spatially-explicit models to evaluate the potential consequences of changes in farmland management. This paper summarizes and integrates the results of this interdisciplinary research project into an assessment of the designed alternatives intended to improve our understanding of landscape ecology in agricultural ecosystems and to inform agricultural policy. Scenario futures were digitized into a Geographic Information System (GIS), visualized with maps and simulated images, and evaluated for multiple endpoints to assess impacts of land use change on water quality, social and economic goals, and native flora and fauna. The Biodiversity scenario, targeting restoration of indigenous biodiversity, ranked higher than the current landscape for all endpoints (biodiversity, water quality, farmer preference, and profitability). The Biodiversity scenario ranked higher than the Production scenario (which focused on profitable agricultural production) in all endpoints but profitability, for which the two scenarios scored similarly, and also ranked higher than the Water Quality scenario in all endpoints except water quality. The Water Quality scenario, which targeted improvement in water quality, ranked highest of all landscapes in potential water quality and higher than the current landscape and the Production scenario in all but profitability. Our results indicate that innovative agricultural practices targeting environmental improvements may be acceptable to farmers and could substantially reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture in this region.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国已注册的4个草莓新品种

介绍了PS-2880、毕士、德里考·朱比利和卡金特5号革莓品种的主要特性。PS-2880果实中等;毕士抗炭疽病,果实大,味浓、美观;德里考·朱比利平均单果重19.8g;株产600g;卡金特5号授粉能力较强,抗病,连续结果能力强,平均单果重28.79g,株产1000g。     

泰山羊肚菌的种类调查与研究

首次对泰山周围400km2内羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)的发生种类、分布范围、生境条件进行调查和研究,并进行了室内种类鉴定,得出该地区野生羊肚菌的种类有10种:粗腿羊肚菌、羊肚菌、普通羊肚菌、小羊肚菌、褐赭色羊肚菌、小球羊肚菌、肋脉羊肚菌、淡褐色羊肚菌、薄楞羊肚菌及尖顶羊肚菌,其中有6种在山东未曾报道过.这对我国羊肚菌这一珍稀食用菌种类的研究及该资源开发具有潜在的经济效益和一定的生态意义.     

Determination Glucosinolates Content in Draba nemorosa L.var.leiocarpa Lindl.by HPLC

采用HPLC内标法,以烯丙基硫苷为内标物,对不同采收期猫耳朵菜(Draba nemorosa L.var.leiocarpa Lindl.)中硫苷含量进行测定.结果表明:猫耳朵菜幼苗期和花期全草硫苷含量分别为275.6960和85.1246μmol/g.