Sugar sweetness and pleasantness: evidence for different psychological laws

Sweetness and the pleasantness of sweetness of sucrose solutions and sweetened food conform to different functions. Sweetness rises with concentration, whereas pleasantness first rises and then decreases. The breakpoint appears to occur at a constant sweetness (that is, constant sensory) level.     

小白菜体内硝酸盐累积的生理调控初探

采用砂培和土培试验,研究喷施氯化钾和蔗糖溶液、光照及钼素营养对小白菜体内硝酸盐累积的影响。结果表明,在小白菜生长期叶面喷施蔗糖和氯化钾溶液,均能明显降低体内硝酸盐含量,但不影响其生物量;遮光和缺钼处理明显增加小白菜体内硝酸盐含量,降低根系活力及可食部分产量。缺钼处理还明显降低叶片硝酸还原酶活性。     

神经网络方法在计算蔗糖溶液粘度值中的应用

利用神经网络的建模功能 ,在测得了多组蔗糖溶液的密度、浓度、粘度数据后 ,把它们之间的复杂关系建立在RBF(径向基 )网络上 ,并从已知的密度、浓度值计算出未知的粘度值。仿真结果表明了用RBF神经网络求粘度值的可行性     

蔗糖溶液预处理对唐菖蒲‘嫦娥粉’切花花朵开放的促进作用

分别采用ω(蔗糖)=5%、10%和15%的溶液对唐菖蒲‘嫦娥粉’(Gladiolus hybridus‘Eerde’)切花于瓶插前预处理24 h,观察不同浓度蔗糖溶液对该切花瓶插期间花朵开放的促进效应.结果表明,与对照(去离子水)相比,各浓度蔗糖溶液预处理可不同程度地促进唐菖蒲切花上的花朵开放,尤其以ω(蔗糖)=10%和15%的溶液预处理的效果更为突出,二者均可显著提高唐菖蒲切花的小花日开放率和切花日观赏值,改善切花的水分吸收,并有利于维持切花的鲜样质量.     

Physiological constraint on feeding behavior: intestinal membrane disaccharidases of the starling

Animals clearly choose what they eat and can even choose among chemically different sugars. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms that constrain feeding choices are largely unknown. In this study, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) preferred mixture solutions of D-glucose plus D-fructose to equimolar (double molar caloric value) solutions of sucrose. Intubation feeding of sucrose did not increase blood glucose levels. Sucrose is a useless energy source for these birds because they lack a single digestive enzyme (sucrase) on the small intestinal brush border membrane. However, the membranes possessed separate maltase and isomaltase disaccharidases. This expression pattern and expression patterns of membrane disaccharidases among mammals suggest a role for intestinal enzymes in the coevolutionary interactions between vertebrates and their plant food sources.     

三种不同浓度对植物细胞质壁分离和复原的影响

用三种溶质不同浓度溶液,对三种植物进行了细胞质壁分离和复原的实验研究,结果表明,蔗糖、葡萄糖、氯化钠三种溶液在一定的浓度范围内,都可使三种植物细胞发生质壁分离,溶液浓度越高,质壁分离时间越短,蔗糖的最佳观察浓度为20%～30%;葡萄糖为10%～20%;氯化钠为2%～4%;三种植物在三种溶质的不同浓度下,细胞发生质壁分离的时间都是以水棉为最短,其次为洋葱和大蒜。     

蔗糖和STS预处液对洋桔梗切花的保鲜效应研究

以蒸馏水为对照,研究了蔗糖和硫代硫酸银(STS)预处液处理对洋桔梗切花的保鲜效应.结果表明,各预处液处理均能不同程度地延长洋桔梗切花瓶插寿命,增加花枝鲜重、花径,促进开花,维持水分平衡和花瓣可溶性糖含量,延缓MDA的产生,维持花瓣膜结构的相对稳定性.其中以2％蔗糖+0.4 mmol/LSTS的预处液处理效果最佳.     

喷施营养液对切花菊‘神马’种苗形态及生理指标的影响

【目的】研究喷施营养液对切花菊神马(Chrysanthemum morifolium cv.Jinba)种苗形态及生理指标的影响,以期提高种苗质量,达到壮苗的目的。【方法】以矮壮素、蔗糖、大豆寡肽和尿素为营养液的主要成分,采用"416-A"最优混合设计。【结果】喷施营养液后种苗形态及生理指标与对照相比得到明显改善,在16个不同浓度梯度处理中,经T10处理的种苗干重、T9处理的株高和T1处理的茎粗、根冠比达到最大值,与对照差异显著。在整个扦插期内,T1、T9和T10的可溶性糖含量、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量都高于对照,其中经T9处理的可溶性蛋白和T10处理的叶绿素、可溶性糖含量增加最为明显,与对照成显著差异。【结论】建立了种苗干重、株高的回归方程,r值分别为0.916、0.907,说明数学回归模型是准确的,可以用来决策和预报。最终由计算机寻优,并参照实际生产经验确定营养母液最佳配比方案:矮壮素5.9%、大豆寡肽7.9%、蔗糖4.95%、尿素36.53%。     

纳米银和蔗糖组合处理对洋桔梗切花的保鲜效应

以洋桔梗'露西塔'(Eustoma grandiflorum'Lucetta')切花为试材,探讨了不同浓度纳米银(Nano silver,NS)和蔗糖的组合溶液瓶插处理对其的保鲜作用.结果表明:与对照(去离子水)和单用蔗糖处理相比,1.0～10.0 mg/L NS+15.0 g/L蔗糖处理均可显著延长该切花的瓶插寿命,...     

喷施增糖剂对甘蔗糖分和产量的影响研究

以新台糖16号为试验材料,在甘蔗生长初期、拔节期和糖分积累期喷施不同浓度的吲哚丁酸水剂,通过对其品质性状指标的测定与分析,探讨增糖剂对甘蔗品质和产量的影响。结果表明：吲哚丁酸喷施5次的增糖效果优于4次。喷5次的1000倍液处理、600倍液处理和500倍液处理的甘蔗蔗糖分与空白对照比均达显著或极显著水平,600倍液的效果最稳定,在各月份都比对照增糖达显著水平以上。不同处理的蔗茎产量与对照相比,均达显著与极显著水平;各处理之间差异达显著水平,600倍液增产效果最好。吲哚丁酸600倍液处理对甘蔗糖分、重力纯度和蔗茎产量的提高效果最明显。     

Dialysis of certain sugars through cellophane

Of several sugars examined, alkali most affects the rate of dialysis through cellophane of alpha-beta-D-mannose and alpha-beta-maltose. The rates of dialysis of these two sugars are influenced by 0.01 and 0.1N solutions of sodium and potassium hydroxide. The rate of dialysis of sucrose is not influenced by the solutions employed.     

呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶对蓖麻韧皮部溢泌过程的影响

用微量注射器分别将2,4-二硝基酚、叠氮化钾、叠氮化钠和木瓜酶溶液注射到韧皮部溢泌伤口,研究溢泌速率、蔗糖浓度和钾离子浓度的变化。试验结果显示,呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶均导致溢泌速率显著下降。呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶处理后韧皮部溢泌速率随溢泌过程分别为不可恢复和可部分恢复;韧皮部溢泌速率降低伴随汁液中钾离子浓度降低和蔗糖浓度增高。     

Magnitude of reinforcement and consummatory behavior

The rates at which white rats licked saline, sucrose, and saccharin solutions, respectively, were measured by cumulative recording of tongue contacts with the solution in question. The local rate of licking was constant for all solutions, but differences in the distribution of sustained periods of licking were related to the type and concentration of the fluid consumed.     

Methyl 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside: an inhibitor of sweet taste responses in gerbils

The sugar methyl 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (DiCl-gal) is a new type of inhibitor of the gerbil's electrophysiological taste response to sucrose or saccharin. Saturated solutions of this compound alone barely stimulate the gerbil's taste nerve. But, when mixed with sucrose or saccharin, DiCl-gal suppresses the gerbil's taste response to these two sweeteners. In contrast, when mixed with sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid, DiCl-gal does not affect the taste responses to these compounds. However, unlike other inhibitors of sweet taste, the DiCl-gal taste suppression is short-lived and occurs only when the inhibitor is combined with the sweetener.     

Endocytotic sucrose uptake in Amoeba proteus induced with the calcium ionophore A23187

The calcium ionophore A23187 brings about an influx of calcium and uptake of sucrose by endocytosis in Amoeba proteus. The amount of endocytotic sucrose uptake elicited by the ionophore depends upon the external calcium ion concentration. Calcium ion movements may serve to couple the surface phase of endocytosis with cytoplasmic uptake of the endocytotic inducer.     

蔗糖与二羟甲基二乙烯脲浸渍压缩杨木单板的性能评价

以蔗糖为细胞壁充胀剂,二羟甲基二乙烯脲(DMDHEU)为交联剂对速生软质杨木单板进行浸渍处理和热压固化定型,通过细胞壁化学改性和细胞腔物理压缩协同作用,实现低载药量下单板的密实增强。系统评价了蔗糖和DMDHEU浸渍压缩对所制备单板的回弹率、密度、硬度、表面颜色和力学强度等物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:5%蔗糖和10%DMDHEU浸渍压缩的杨木单板经5个水饱和—干燥循环和1次水煮测试后压缩回弹率为23%,表面密度提高至0.71 g/cm3,达到硬质阔叶材水平,表面硬度比素材增加2倍,单板颜色从暗灰色变为明亮的金褐色,水性涂料在浸渍压缩表面的漆膜附着力显著提高。综上所述,低质量分数蔗糖和DMDHEU浸渍压缩后的杨木单板具备作为复合地板优质表板的潜能。     

响应面法优化番茄早疫病拮抗菌WL07发酵条件

应用响应面法对番茄早疫病拮抗菌WL07的培养基组成及培养条件进行优化。通过Plackett-Burman设计试验,从蔗糖、碳酸钙、硫酸铵、硫酸亚铁、酵母膏、装液量、初始pH等影响因素中筛选影响拮抗菌WL07发酵的显著因素。Plackett-Bur-man设计试验结果表明影响拮抗菌WL07发酵的显著因素分别为初始pH和蔗...     

三个南方紫花苜蓿品种的耐盐性及其再生体系的建立

采用不同浓度的NaCl单盐系列溶液,以MS培养基为基本成分,附加不同浓度和组合的2,4-D、6-BA、KT、NAA和蔗糖,对我国南方广泛种植的‘Victoria’‘CW787’和‘Millennium’3个紫花苜蓿品种的耐盐性和再生体系进行研究.结果表明:3个紫花苜蓿品种随着NaCl溶液浓度的升高,发芽率均逐渐降低;下胚轴作为外植体的诱导效果较好;愈伤诱导以2.0 mg.L-12,4-D+0.2 mg.L-16-BA的配比最佳;0.5 mg.L-1KT+0.05 mg.L-1NAA的激素组合对体细胞胚的发育和幼苗的形成效果最好;适宜的生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg.L-1NAA+20g.L-1蔗糖+7.5 g.L-1琼脂;‘Millennium’的耐盐性和植株愈伤再生能力较好.     

黑加仑浆果渗透脱水特性和工艺研究

为解决新鲜浆果货架期短、难贮藏、制品种类单一等问题,选择黑加仑为原料,以蔗糖为渗透液,进行黑加仑完整果实的渗透脱水试验研究。选择渗透时间、渗透浓度、渗透温度和料液比作为试验因素,以失水率、可溶性固形物含量及固形物增加率作为评价指标,研究黑加仑整果的渗透脱水规律。结果表明:渗透浓度和渗透温度与失水率和可溶性固形物含量呈正相关,固形物增加率随渗透浓度的增大先增大而后减小,而渗透温度升高,固形物增加率增大,各指标随料液比的增加均为先增大后降低的趋势。考虑生产实际,综合各项指标,得到较好脱水效果的渗透条件为:渗透浓度为70%,渗透温度为50℃,料液比为1 8。     

草莓果实维生素C提取的影响因素研究

为了找出提取草莓维生素C更高效的方法,以紫外分光光度法测定其含量,探讨了提取液、蔗糖、反应时间对草莓维生素C提取量的影响。结果表明:在三氯乙酸为提取液、Cu2+溶液中含有13.75g/L蔗糖的条件下,当温度30℃、温热时间30min时,还原型维生素C(AA)的回收率最高(88%),在还原温度30℃、还原时间30min时,氧化型维生素C(DHAA)的回收率最高(81%)。