电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定马鹿皮中9种元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法同时测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量的方法。方法样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后,通过在线加入内标溶液校正,以72Ge为内标,采用ICP-MS测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量。结果 9种元素线性良好,相关系数为0.9995~1.0000;钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的检出限分别为4、0.007、0.2、1、1、0.3、0.004、0.009、0.05 mg/kg;9种元素的回收率在86%~116%之间;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)≤7.2%(n=6)。结论该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好,可以满足马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的测定。     

浙江省炒制香榧中9种矿物元素含量的研究

采集浙江省41个品牌炒制香榧样品,测定钾、镁、钙、铁、锰、锌、铜、硒和钠9种矿物元素含量,分析矿质元素含量的分布频率及区域差异。结果表明,香榧中9种矿物元素分别为钾12 639 mg/kg、镁5 047 mg/kg、钠2 532 mg/kg、钙2 119 mg/kg、锌117 mg/kg、铜67.0 mg/kg、铁61.9 mg/kg、锰35.6 mg/kg、硒0.224 mg/kg。浙江省炒制香榧钾含量高于一般干果,宁波地区硒含量显著高于绍兴、金华地区,部分香榧达到富硒产品标准。浙江省香榧中锌含量变异系数为179%,达极显著变异水平,诸暨市和磐安县香榧中锌含量远高于其他县,绍兴地区香榧中钾、锌、钙、镁显著高于金华等地区。     

林芝美味牛肝菌的营养成分分析

对林芝的2份味美味牛肝菌样品,采用常规分析方法,进行蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分、水分、矿物质元素和氨基酸等营养成分分析。结果表明,2份美味牛肝菌富含粗纤维、矿物质、蛋白质及氨基酸;在矿物质元素中,钠、镁、铜和锰含量的差别较小,钾、钙、铁、锌、硒和铬含量的差别较大,钾和钙的含量相对较高,铅和汞未检出,镉和砷在限量值内;8种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的40.22%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的质量比为0.67,9种药用氨基酸占氨基酸总量的60%以上。     

烹制骨汤中钙等矿物质含量的测定及营养评价

采用家庭常规烹制方法制备无醋骨汤、低醋骨汤、高醋骨汤和本底汤汁,烹制时保持各组食物原料的比例和加热时间一致。骨汤样品经微波消解后,用原子吸收光谱仪分别检测其中钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌、铜、铅、汞和镉等矿物质含量,并进行组间比较。结果表明,骨汤中钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌、铜和镉含量在各组之间均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,而铅和汞元素含量无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;在骨汤烹制过程中,适量加入食醋可促使钙、镁、钾、铁等元素的溶出,增加矿物质含量,从而提高骨汤的营养价值。     

ICP-AES法测定天然卤水中11种元素

建立一种采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定天然卤水中钾、钠、钙、镁、锶、锂、硼、铜、铁、锰、锌11种元素含量的方法。样品经过简单稀释后即可测试,元素检出限为0.000 7 mg/L~2.4 mg/L,加标回收率为91.6%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)2%。方法简单快速,精密度好,准确度高,适用于天然卤水中钾、钠、钙、镁、锶、锂、硼、铜、铁、锰、锌元素的分析。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定雄蚕蛾中8种元素

目的 建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)法同时测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量的方法。方法 样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后, 通过在线加入内标溶液校正, 以72Ge为内标, 采用ICP-MS测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量。结果 8种元素线性良好, 相关系数为0.9995~0.9999; 钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的检出限分别为0.04、0.0004、0.003、0.003、0.01、0.004、0.0005、0.006 mg/kg; 8种元素的回收率在91.3%~98.6%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)≤3.7%(n=6)。结论 该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好, 可以满足雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的同时测定。     

小麦制粉过程中矿物质元素的分布情况

本文选取两个面粉厂的各系统粉作为实验材料,研究小麦制粉过程中,不同系统面粉中各矿物质的分布情况,实验结果表明：小麦中含镁、钙、磷、钾四种矿物质元素较高,其次是钠,而铜、铁、锰、锌含量极低;小麦中的矿物质主要集中在小麦的皮层和胚芽中;在相同的系统中,从前路到后路,矿物质的含量有逐步增高的趋势。     

抗癌“四大金刚”——硒、铁、碘、钼

人体内必需的矿物质元素分为两类：一类是钠、钾、钙、磷、硫、氯、镁等,人体对这类矿物质的需要量较大,称为常量元素;另一类是铜、碘、铁、钒、锌、硒、铬、锰、钼、钴、氟等,人体对他们的需要量较小,故称为微量元素。     

湖北省水稻籽粒矿质元素含量分布研究

目的:水稻籽粒矿质元素含量研究对人体健康具有重要意义。方法:采集湖北省水稻籽粒样品150份,利用低温消解进行前处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定水稻籽粒样品中硼、钡、钙、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、磷、硫、锶、锌、钠等13种矿质元素含量,分析湖北水稻籽粒矿质元素含量水平和相关性,探讨不同主产县、不同成熟期、不同品种的水稻籽粒矿质元素含量分布规律。结果:湖北不同水稻籽粒矿质元素含量差异显著,从高到低排列顺序为磷钾硫、镁钙锌、锰钠铁铜钡硼、锶;各矿质元素间存在一定的相关性和依存关系,其中磷和镁元素含量相关系数最高;不同主产县水稻籽粒矿物质元素含量存在差异,其中麻城水稻籽粒元素除硼最低外,其他元素含量整体较高;不同成熟期水稻籽粒矿质元素含量存在差异,早稻矿质元素中除锌和钠外其余元素平均含量均为最高;不同品种的水稻籽粒矿质元素含量差异明显,两优129、中9优288、黄花占、特籼占25、广两优香66、两优6326、两优1128等品种各自呈现相应元素的高含量富集。结论:湖北水稻籽粒矿物质元素含量存在差异性和规律性,这为湖北水稻矿质元素的营养改良提供了重要的理论依据。     

五味子及其发酵品中微量元素含量的测定

采用空气-乙炔原子吸收法测定五味子、五味子酒以及五味子发酵果渣中微量元素的含量。用微波消解法对样品进行前处理,各元素标准溶液逐级稀释,测定标准系列的吸光度值,绘制标准曲线。结果表明:对于所测元素,标准曲线回归方程相关系数R20.997 3;测得五味子及其发酵品中钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锌、锰、铜8种微量元素,其中钾、镁、钙、钠、锰元素含量较高,铁、铜、锌元素含量相对较低。所得数据为五味子药材及其发酵品的进一步研究及开发提供了数据参考及支持。     

Effect of milling on mineral and trace element composition of raw and parboiled rice.

The effect of milling on the mineral and trace element composition of raw and parboiled grain samples of 16 varieties of rice was investigated. Varietal, locational and seasonal differences in the nutrient composition of brown rice were noted. The mean values for different nutrients per 100 g brown rice were total ash 1.37 g, phosphorus 349 mg, magnesium 157 mg, calcium 18 mg and iron 2.16 mg and in μg per g samples, zinc 14.3, manganese 11.0, copper 2.39, molybdenum 0.775 and chromium 0.088. Parboiling per se had no effect on the composition of brown rice. The degree of milling and the initial concentration of the nutrient in the grain determined the magnitude of loss on milling both in raw and parboiled grain. Percent losses of different nutrients on 5 and 10% milling of raw rice respectively were total ash 40, 62; iron 51, 67; magnesium 40, 64; calcium 36, 57; iron 54, 64; copper 26, 45; manganese 48, 56; molybdenum 24, 34; chromium 57, 69; and zinc only 2.8, 4.6. Zinc in rice grain was uniformly distributed and a major portion of other nutrients was concentrated in the outermost 2.5% surface layers of the grain. Parboiling appeared to have altered the distribution of some nutrients in rice grain except for zinc, magnesium and copper. Milling losses for other nutrients were therefore significantly lower in parboiled than in raw rice.     

Essential Elements and Cadmium and Lead in Fresh, Canned, and Frozen Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Sixteen essential elements, cadmium and lead were determined in fresh, canned, and frozen green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Samples were taken during processing to determine where changes in element content occurred. Canned green beans contained lower concentrations of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, but had higher amounts of chloride, nickel, and sodium than fresh beans. No change in silicon was observed. Iron, phosphorus and potassium were lower in frozen than in fresh green beans, but calcium, sodium and zinc were higher. There was no change in chloride, copper, magnesium, manganese and silicon due to freezing. Element retention ranged from 51 - 100% for canned and from 73 - 171% for frozen green beans.     

不同浓度海水灌溉对库拉索芦荟中微量元素的影响

采用原子吸收分光光度法分析了不同浓度海水灌溉的3年生库拉索芦荟中Ca、Mg、Na、K、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr共12种微量元素的含量。试验发现:各元素在芦荟中的含量差异较大,其中,Ca、Mg、Na、K含量丰富,Mn、Zn、Fe含量中等,而有毒重金属离子Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr含量很低;无论是凝胶还是全叶中,海水浓度对库拉索芦荟中Ca、Mn元素的影响很大,对其他各种元素的影响不大,但Cd离子的含量随海水灌溉浓度的升高呈略微上升趋势。     

Effect of maturity stages on the content of ash components in raw,frozen and canned broad beans

The aim of the present work was to determine the level of ash, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper in fresh and preserved broad bean seeds at the stage of milk-wax maturity. The experiments included two broad bean cultivars, four stages of seed maturity being differentiated in each. With the higher maturity stages, the contents of ash, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium gradually increased in fresh matter of the two cultivars. The contents of zinc and copper showed a slight decreasing tendency, while the levels of iron and manganese varied. Frozen and canned broad bean seeds of milk-wax maturity, prepared for consumption, were a valuable source of mineral compounds. The more mature the seeds, the greater were the contents of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, and smaller less so for copper, while the levels of iron and zinc varied. Boiled frozen seeds contained more potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and copper than canned products, no differences being found in the contents of calcium and iron. The dehulled seeds contained more phosphorus but less calcium than the intact ones.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Borojo果及其制品中的8种微量元素

Borojo果是一种天然的高钾低钠水果,是补充钾、钙和镁优良的食品来源。本文用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Borojo果及其制品中铜、铁、镁、锌、锰、钾、钠、钙8种微量元素的含量,为Borojo果功效开发及深加工提供科学依据。样品经硝酸消解过夜,重复测定6次,计算精密度。方法前处理简单快速,重复性好,试剂用量小,加标回收率在94%-104%之间,相对标准偏差≤3.15%。Borojo冷冻干燥粉中8种微量元素分别是果肉的3倍左右。酶解浓缩粉中微量元素高于冷冻干燥粉,铜、锌分别高5和7倍;锰、镁、钾、钙、铁分别高1.08,1.16,1.22,1.12和1.23倍,钠高了55倍。Borojo果肉、冷冻干燥粉和酶解浓缩粉中的钾：钠比分别为2435：1,2870：1和63：1。8种微量元素比例同金丝枣、榴莲和干枣中相似,且比后者含有更多的镁。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定云南市售大米中4种有益元素

目的建立石墨湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定云南大米中4种有益元素含量的方法。方法以产自云南省12个州市共90件大米为实验对象,采用石墨湿法消解对样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定,内标法定量分析云南大米中锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)4种有益元素的含量。结果云南大米中锰、铁、铜、锌4种金属元素在0~100μg/L质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。通过加标回收实验分析锰、铁、铜、锌4种金属元素的加标回收率依次为93.61%~100.37%、88.32%~105.47%、99.91%~101.78%、94.14%~102.89%,相对标准偏差依次为3.37%、1.02%、0.16%、1.18%,4种金属检出率均为100%。结论石墨湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法精密度好、准确度高,可同时测定大米中多种金属,适用于云南大米中锰、铁、铜、锌含量的测定。     

Essential Elements in Fresh and Canned Tomatoes

The content of 16 essential elements was determined in fresh and canned tomatoes by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The elemental content of fresh tomatoes was compared with that of canned tomatoes. All data were analyzed statistically. There were significantly higher amounts of calcium, chloride, cobalt, copper, nickel, sodium, tin, and zinc in canned tomatoes than in fresh tomatoes. There were significantly lower amounts of magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, and silicon in canned tomatoes than in fresh tomatoes. No significant difference in iron was found between fresh and canned samples. Percentages of the established and estimated RDA's show that fresh and canned tomatoes are relatively good sources of potassium and relatively fair sources of iron. Canned tomatoes are a relatively good source of sodium. Element retention in the canned tomatoes was 77–7,651%.     

Yields, Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Finfish and Shellfish

Yields of edible flesh, proximate composition, and mineral content were determined in two samplings of six finfish and four shellfish from the Chesapeake Bay region. Although there was considerable variation, most species have high protein (above 20%), low fat (less than 5%) and are relatively good sources of macrominerals, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. The ratio of sodium to potassium ranged from 1:4 to 1:15. These species, particularly the shellfish, are excellent sources of the trace elements, including copper, iron, zinc and manganese. Minerals are very high in certain shellfish.