基于DEA-AHP的大坝安全监测监控工程综合评价

依据多目标多层次指标体系综合评价的理论与方法,构建了对建设工程完成后从工程前期工作、工程项目实施、工程投资执行、工程建设管理、工程建设档案管理5个方面的综合评价指标体系。采用层析分析法(AHP)与数据包络法(DEA)结合的方法确定评价指标权重,建立了DEA-AHP综合评价模型,并以观音阁水库大坝安全监测监控系统改造工程为例进行实证分析,为大坝安全监测监控工程综合评价提供思路和方向。     

乌鲁瓦提水利枢纽工程大坝安全监测监控工程综合评价

从档案管理、建设管理、前期工作、项目实施和投资执行5个方面构建大坝安全监测监控工程综合评价体系,依据多层次多目标综合评价理论将DEA数据包络分析和AHP法相耦合建立评价模型,然后以乌鲁瓦提水利枢纽大坝安全监测监控工程为例验证模型的可行性,可为监测监控工程评价提供一种新的方法。     

大坝安全监测系统综合评价(Ⅰ)基本体系

大坝安全监测系统综合评价越来越受到重视,但目前尚未形成明确的评价体系和方法.文中构建了以监测设计评价、单项监测系统评价(包括现场调查、现场测试和长期观测精度分析)、自动化系统可靠性评价以及监测管理工作评价为基本指标的综合评价指标体系,提出了单项评价指标和监测系统整体工作状态的评价等级划分方法及标准,可为大坝安全监测系统综合评价实践提供可资借鉴的方法,并可为将来制定大坝安全监测系统综合评价的相关规范提供依据.     

大坝安全监测系统综合评价(Ⅲ)评价方法

针对目前大坝安全监测系统综合评价主要以定性分析为主的不足,在监测系统综合评价指标体系建立和评价等级划分的基础上,提出了定量评价指标和定性评价指标隶属度的计算方法,给出了各评价指标的权重建议值;采用模糊综合评价方法,研究了大坝安全监测系统综合评价方法,并给出了一个工程实例.实例表明:模糊综合评价方法为监测系统的合理评价提供了一个更有效的新途径,能较好地解决监测系统定量综合评价的问题.     

山洪易发区水库大坝安全综合评价

基于山洪易发区水库大坝安全评价指标体系,以模糊数学和层次分析法为理论依据,建立模糊综合评价模型,从气象条件、地质条件、防洪安全、渗流安全、结构安全、抗震安全、金属结构安全、工程质量、运行管理等9个大类、20个子类,对山洪易发区实际工程的安全程度进行量化评价。评价结果与水库大坝安全监测评估分析报告中的结果相符,该评价方法在水库大坝安全评价中的应用效果良好。     

大坝安全在线监控及智能管理平台探索与应用

为解决大坝安全管理工作中监测数据采集及分析的及时性和关联性不足、巡检与监测等信息在大坝安全综合评判中未能有效融合等问题,在监测自动化的基础上,开展了大坝安全在线监控的研究探索。大坝安全在线监控方案包括确定监控内容、监控信息检查、设置监控指标及评判规则、监控信息层间融合及综合评判、监控结果处置等。基于监控方案建立梨园水电站大坝安全在线监控及智能管理平台,应用表明大坝安全管理的异常识别和应对能力显著提高。     

渔洞水库大坝安全监测自动化及专家系统设计

介绍渔洞水库大坝安全监控系统的设计目标、网络结构和主要功能 ,以及部分监测项目的自动化改造和主要技术指标 .论述人工分析专家系统的结构组成和实现方法 .渔洞水库大坝安全监控系统将安全监测自动化与人工专家分析相结合 ,形成了功能齐全的集数据采集、辅助决策、专家综合诊断和安全评价于一体的实时监控系统     

新丰江水电站大坝安全在线监控系统设计——融合在线监测、智能巡检、结构安全度计算与综合评判

新丰江水电站大坝安全在线监控系统创建了融合在线监测管理、监测评判、智能巡检、在线结构安全度计算、在线结构安全评判的在线监控技术与方法体系,对大坝安全进行综合评判,目前在国内大坝安全在线监控技术研发领域处于领先水平.提出了新丰江水电站大坝安全在线监控系统开发的详细方案,包括监控内容、测值及时性和有效性检查、单测点指标及异常识别方法、信息融合方法、评判规则、监测评判方案、巡检评判方案、结构安全度评判方案等,最后融合得出水电站大坝安全的综合评判结论.     

1999年大坝安全及监测国际研讨会在三峡工地召开

１９９９年１０月１９～２２日，由中国水力发电工程学会、长江水利委员会及中国长江三峡工程开发总公司主办，国际大坝委员会、中国国家电力公司大坝安全监察中心、武汉水利电力大学、湖北省清江水电开发有限责任公司、中国水力发电工程学会大坝安全监测专业委员会协办的１９９９年大坝安全及监测国际研讨会在三峡工地举行。会议的主题是：大坝及岩土工程安全监测系统设计、安全监测实施、监测手段及成果分析与评价、监测仪器及自动化技术、监控理论、方法及安全监控系统、监测数据管理系统及专家评判系统、安全监测系统更新改造、安全管理…     

抗震救灾实用技术：水库大坝及水工建筑物毁损处理实用技术、材料和设备——1．水库大坝地震灾害检查、评估与处理技术

技术简介：强地震作用下水库大坝会出现不同程度的裂缝、滑坡、渗漏等险情，严重影响大坝安全。针对地震危害，可利用大坝安全检查、探测、监测与自动采集设施，构建大坝安全应急监测体系与监控系统；综合分析实时监测信息与历史信息，依据技术规范及专家经验．评估水库大坝的总体安全性能、大坝坝体及库岸安全性、地震灾害对工程安全所造成的危害，预测水库大坝安全发展趋势，对异常信息进行监控与预警，判断工程是否需要进行紧急处理。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).