暴雨、地震作用下堰沟隧道洞口边坡稳定性分析

堰沟隧道麻柳湾端洞口边坡地处岩堆体地段,地质条件复杂,岩堆的存在严重弱化了边坡的稳定性。文章通过数值模拟计算分析了堰沟隧道麻柳湾端洞口边坡在自然状态、暴雨及地震状态下的稳定性,研究了锚杆抗滑桩加固作用下的加固效应。研究结果表明:暴雨、地震对洞口边坡的影响很大,地震的影响尤甚,在没有加固措施的情况下,洞口边坡的稳定性很差;通过增加锚杆抗滑桩加固后,锚杆轴力在暴雨、地震状态下急剧增加,加固效果显著。计算结果对堰沟隧道的设计和施工具有指导作用。     

基于FLAC3D的红层软岩边坡施工期加固效果

以在建的某高速公路典型红层软岩路堑边坡为研究对象,在边坡岩体结构稳定性定性分析的基础上,采用FLAC3D软件对坡体及时加固和滞后加固两种工况下的应力场、坡体变形与位移场、锚杆应力状态和塑性区进行了研究,并分析了加固的时效性．研究结果表明,及时加固较滞后加固可以有效地控制边坡坡体的变形与位移,对保证施工期红层软岩路堑边坡的稳定更为有利．     

粉砂岩路堑高边坡施工监测与动态设计

结合高速公路路堑高边坡工程实例,利用施工监测联合边坡稳定有限元数值模拟进行边坡动态设计。研究结果表明:通过监测边坡施工现场深部位移可以及早发现边坡滑动趋势,准确推测边坡潜在滑动面位置;粉砂岩路堑高边坡开挖后在自然状态下基本稳定,但是在降雨饱水条件下边坡塑性变形区范围增大,边坡安全系数显著降低,边坡由局部破坏发展为整体滑动破坏,模拟分析结果与施工监测结果具有较好的一致性;利用边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法计算得到的边坡变形拟合实测变形和滑动面,可以确定坡体当前状态的等效力学参数;采用有限元数值模拟方法优化设计边坡加固方案,可以确定边坡最终形态以及锚索加固位置、加固长度、加固密度和设计预应力;边坡优化设计后,在自然与降雨饱水2种工况下边坡塑性应变区域及位移形变量均较小,边坡安全系数满足设计规范的安全要求;施工完成后,边坡处于稳定状态,说明基于现场监测联合有限元分析方法确定的边坡加固方案是可靠的。     

甬台温高速公路平苍段路堑高边坡的加固实践

甬台温高速公路平苍段的路堑高边坡地质条件复杂，松散土体覆盖层厚度大。部分路堑穿越古滑坡体。采用预应力锚索架梁结合抗滑桩和锚杆等方式综合加固。取得了良好的效果，也为今后在类似地质条件下进行边坡加固提供了经验。     

公路边坡开挖稳定性分析及其远程实时监测

随着我国交通基础设施建设的快速发展,公路边坡稳定性分析与滑坡整治设计等工程问题越来越多。以某高速公路边坡工程为例,在分析工程地质条件和开挖扰动的情况下,利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,模拟边坡整个开挖过程及开挖后边坡在未支护与不同加固方案下的变形情况与稳定性特征;并计算安全系数。依据工程地质条件分析与数值模拟结果,在边坡关键部位安装5套滑动力远程实时监控系统。数值模拟分析表明随着逐步开挖的进行,边坡稳定性明显下降;开挖完成后,在未加固状态下会发生沿坡面的滑移破坏;采用抗滑桩与预应力锚索加固措施后边坡的变形得到了很好地控制;通过对滑动力远程实时监测结果分析得出边坡目前处于稳定性状态的结论。     

岩堆陡坡路基边坡稳定性分析与加固

岩堆边坡是一类具有特殊地质结构的混合土边坡,位于斜坡岩堆体上的陡坡路基,不但要对既有岩堆体稳定性进行评价,还需对陡坡路基整体稳定性进行分析。本文结合岩堆总体发育特征及稳定性调查,利用数值分析方法,对岩堆稳定性和陡坡路基整体稳定性进行分析,从而确定支挡加固方案。     

强震作用下加固边坡的动力响应及不同加固方式的比较研究

文章建立一土质边坡模型,按照常规设计支护技术参数,对在强震作用下的挡土墙、抗滑桩和预应力锚索3种支护形式下的边坡进行动力分析,得到不同支护方式下边坡的动力响应,重点从动力放大系数、残余变形、动轴力、动拉应力等方面,对3种支护形式的加固效果做对比.结果表明,动力响应差别很大,动力放大系数以抗滑桩加固最大,挡土墙加固最小;残余变形以挡土墙加固最大,预应力锚索加固最小,挡土墙加固难以维持强震下边坡的整体稳定;挡土墙加固下坡顶面出现拉应力最大;综合比较,预应力锚索加固效果最优,应作为多震地区边坡防治的首选方案.     

膨胀性岩土路堑边坡加固设计及效果分析

根据郑州市西南绕城高速公路膨胀性岩土路堑边坡在施工过程中的实际破坏状况,将边坡分成四个加固区域,针对不同区域的实际情况采取不同的加固方案.按照不同加固结构的设计参数和坡体自然属性,利用数值分析方法,对加固后坡体稳定性及加固结构承载性能进行了系统分析.结果表明,加固后坡体稳定性得到显著提高,加固结构尤其是自预应力锚杆,表现出良好的承载性能,使得不同类型的加固结构与坡体构成有效的承载整体.     

巫奉高速公路某工点滑坡成因分析与治理措施探讨

随着线路工程的建设，开挖路基导致坡体变形失稳，尤其在边坡开挖过程中受到强降雨的影响，坡体变形将更加剧烈，严重影响着线路路基的正常施工及今后的运营安全。以巫奉高速公路某工点滑坡为例，在详细调查分析滑坡特征的基础上，对滑坡指标进行分析取值及推力计算，通过调整边坡坡率，布置抗滑桩、锚杆框架、锚索框架，设置排水工程等措施对滑坡进行了综合治理，以达到坡体整体稳定的目的，从而确保了该段高速公路路基的正常施工和滑坡体上的电杆、农田的安全及今后的安全运营。     

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料锚固边坡与无支护边坡加速度响应对比研究

中外学者对于路堑高边坡的研究主要集中在其失稳机制及数值模拟方面,而对于路堑高边坡破坏特征方面的试验研究较少,对新型玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(basalt fiber reinforced polymer, BFRP)锚固结构下路堑高边坡动力学方面的研究就更加稀缺。鉴于此,以云南省功东高速公路的大营盘(K39-K41)碎石土边坡为典型工点,开展BFRP锚索+框架结构加固边坡及无支护边坡的振动台对比试验,旨在为BFRP锚索加固高边坡的动力合理性设计提供科学依据。通过试验现象分析可得:相较于无支护侧边坡而言,BFRP锚索在高边坡的加固过程中可以有效地提高边坡的整体稳定性;无支护侧坡面加速度的峰值随着高程的增大呈现"锯齿形"形状,且在四级坡和五级坡之间可能出现潜在的滑面;有支护侧坡面加速度的峰值随着高程的增大整体上呈现逐步增大的趋势,加速度随着高程放大的效应明显存在。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-