在线检测系统在特种纸机上的应用（续）

介绍了在线检测系统在牡丹江恒丰纸业有限责任股份公司16#特种纸机上的应用情况,包括在线检测系统工作原理和技术特点。并结合实际应用讲解了相关设备的维护经验和调试方法。     

在线质量检测控制系统在非织造布生产中的应用

通过对在线克重、水分检测和控制系统的应用，介绍了目前国际上常用的非织造布在线克重和水分检测系统的原理以及在线质量检测和控制系统在非织造布生产中的应用，说明了企业通过采用先进的质量检测系统所产生的社会效益和经济效益。     

CCD技术在陶瓷生产设备中的应用

介绍了CCD技术在陶瓷设备检测方面的实际应用，对检测系统和CCD摄像机的驱动电路的设计作了简单的介绍。     

水松纸透气度检测技术

介绍了离线式水松纸透气度的检测方法。基于非接触式检测技术，对决定系统工作精度的关键元器件(传感器、传动元件、光电元件等)进行了分析和选择，研制了打孔水松纸透气度在线检测系统。     

电子舌在食品加工在线检测中的应用研究

电子舌模拟人的味觉器官，是一种分析、识别液体“味道”的新型检测手段。主要由传感器阵列和模式识别系统组成。介绍了电子舌的结构和工作原理，并重点介绍了电子舌在乳品、饮料等食品加工在线检测中的应用。     

图像技术在印刷检测中的应用

图像是印刷品的主要成分,图像检测技术也自然而然地成为印刷检测的关键技术.鉴于此,本文首先介绍了机器视觉技术及其系统的关键部分、应用及优点.其次介绍了它在印刷质量检测系统中的应用.最后着重介绍了其在钞票印刷质量检测流程中的应用.     

D-2型电脑测微仪在纺织器材检测中的应用

介绍了应用计算机和面阵CCD传感器研制的电脑测微仪的结构及原理,经实际应用,指出该测微仪检测纺织器材具有精度高、无接触、操作方便的特点,是千分尺、读数显微镜更新换代的仪器。     

纸病在线检测系统灯梁改造及系统调试

通过对在线检测系统灯梁改造,介绍在线检测系统在特种纸机的应用情况,包括在线检测系统工作原理和技术特点。并结合实际应用讲解相关设备的维护经验和调试方法。     

从Peyer——MCI15500系统看传感技术在棉纤维检测中的应用

本文通过对Peyer--MCI15500系统的介绍，主要说明了常用的气流式，光电式，以及CRE式传感器在棉纤维检测中的应用，并就其在应用中存在的误差作了分析说明，提出了其在棉纤维检测中应注意的问题和发展方向。     

表面疵点在线检测技术在非织造领域的应用

先进的表面疵点在线检测技术在生产过程中能及时快速地检测出非织造布的空洞、缺陷、疵点及其表面昆虫,对提高制成率、减少能耗、降低成本以及保证产品性能和质量的稳定起到很大的作用。介绍了表面疵点在线检测技术的检测原理及其在非织造布生产过程中的应用。     

提高计算机测色配色系统应用精确性的途径和方法

对提高测色系统应用精确性的途径和方法，以及利用测试结果进行色光调整作了探讨，结果表明应用测色配色系统减少了人为因素的干扰，提高了染色过程中颜色的精确度。     

Technical note: Using an electronic drinker to monitor competition in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to determine whether data from an electronic drinking system that tracks individual animal attendance with ear tag transponders could be used to detect social competition between dairy cows at the drinker. Specifically, we sought to identify the interval between one cow leaving the drinker and another cow taking her place that most accurately identified competitive replacements (when physical contact initiated by one cow causes the other to entirely remove her head from the drinker and the initiator subsequently places her head in the same drinker). The optimal interval to accurately identify replacements at the drinker was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve and by evaluating the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and confusion matrix values (true positives, true negatives, false positives, false negatives) of different thresholds identified by 3 metrics: the Youden index, the point closest to (0,1) on the curve, and the point where Se roughly equals Sp. Lactating Holstein dairy cows (n = 20) were monitored for 4 consecutive 24-h periods by video recording and with an electronic drinking system. Two periods were used to identify the optimal interval (the baseline set), and the other 2 periods were used to validate the interval (the validation set). The occurrence of a replacement identified by video was paired with the interval between drinking events of 2 cows at the same electronic drinker to identify the interval that best predicted replacement events. Based on the low prevalence of replacement events compared with nonreplacement events, the interval with the lowest number of false positives was considered optimal. Of the 3 potential metrics, the point on the receiver operating characteristic curve where Se and Sp were roughly equal yielded the fewest false positives. The optimal interval to identify replacements at the drinker was ≤29 s, with 82% Se and 83% Sp in the baseline set. This interval was found to have 85% Se and 89% Sp when applied to the validation set. These results indicate that social competition between dairy cows at the drinker can be accurately measured with an electronic drinking system.     

风功率预测系统的应用与优化的讨论

风电场风功率预测系统是风电安全、优质并网运行的关键技术手段,也是实现风电场监控及信息化管理的重要基础。同时,采用风功率预测系统,能够有效提高电网调峰能力,增强电网的风电接纳能力,改善电力系统运行的安全性与经济性。文章介绍了即墨华能风电场使用的NSF3100风功率预测系统的体系结构、主要功能,并结合并网风电场给预测系统带来的精度问题展开了讨论。通过实时风场功率数据采集、对比、分析,实现对风场的功率预测和控制,确保电网安全稳定可靠运行。     

小定量称重系统的设计

本文主要介绍定量称重系统的机构组成、工作原理及其主要技术参数。     

提高计算机测色配色系统应用精确度的途径

计算机测色配色系统在生产实践中的应用正日益广泛。为更充分地发挥系统应有的效能，文章结合印染用测色配色系统的生产实践，从测色、颜色质量控制、配色、数据管理和系统维护等方面给出了提高测色配色系统应用精确性的一些途径和方法。     

基于步进电机控制的伺服钻孔机设计

采用高性能的STC89C516RD+单片机,控制步进电机完成点动、快进、工进以及精确定位的任务。定位系统是通过设定原点和精确控制脉冲数来实现的。解决了钻头在刚性材料表面上不能精确定位以及金属屑不易排出去的难题。与传统的手动钻孔机相比,该伺服钻孔机控制方便、精度高、生产效率高。     

A pregnancy detection assay using milk samples: Evaluation and considerations

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate a pregnancy-detection assay based on the measurement of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) in milk samples. In experiment 1, milk samples were collected on the day of first pregnancy check (33–52 d postinsemination; n = 119) or second check (60–74 d postinsemination; n = 60). The accuracy in identification of pregnant and nonpregnant cows was 99% at first check. Only 6% of samples were found to be within an intermediate range of PAG concentrations and classified as requiring recheck by the assay. At second check, the accuracy of the assay was 98%. Fifteen percent of these samples were classified as requiring recheck. In experiments 2a (n = 17 cows) and 2b (n = 16 cows), milk and plasma samples were collected from cows at weekly intervals beginning 2 (experiment 2a) or 4 d (experiment 2b) after insemination. The earliest time point at which pregnant cows were accurately classified as pregnant by the assay was on d 30 postinsemination. A transient decline in PAG levels into the intermediate range was observed on d 46 to 72 postinsemination. This coincides with the time of recheck in experiment 1. Results obtained with the plasma samples were essentially the same. The accuracy of pregnancy identification based on milk samples from nonpregnant and pregnant cows was 99%. Levels of PAG in milk were useful in identifying 6 incidences of embryonic mortality. No consistent relationship was noted between the timing of the decline in PAG levels and the timing of luteal regression in this small number of cows.     

小型自动称量装置模块化设计

本文介绍了一种小型自动称量装置的原理、结构及工作过程,并提出了从称量装置整机功能出发,以模块化设计为基础的拓扑结构设计,满足用户对称量速度和称量精度的需求。     

Short communication: Multivariate outlier detection for routine Nordic dairy cattle genetic evaluation in the Nordic Holstein and Red population

It is of practical importance to ensure the data quality from a milk-recording system before use for genetic evaluation. A procedure was developed for detection of multivariate outliers based on an approximation for Mahalanobis distance and was implemented in the Nordic Holstein and Red population. The general target of this procedure is based on the Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation yield model, which is a 9-trait model for milk, protein, and fat in the first 3 lactations. The procedure is based on the phenotypic correlation structure as a function of days in milk (DIM) and on computation of trait means and standard deviations within a production year, lactation, and DIM. For each record in the data, a Mahalanobis distance value was computed based on the trait mean and the covariance matrix for the actual production year, lactation, and DIM. A set of cutoff values, ranging from 10 to 100 with steps of 10, for discarding multivariate outliers was investigated. Prediction accuracy was calculated as the Pearson correlations between estimated breeding values predicted by full data set and estimated breeding values predicted by reduced data set for cows without records in the reduced data set and with 1 or more records deleted due to the editing rules on Mahalanobis distance. The results showed that, averaged over all scenarios, gains of 0.005 to 0.048 on prediction accuracy have been obtained by deleting the multivariate outliers. The improvements were more profound for progeny of young bulls compared with progeny of proven bulls. It is easy to implement this multivariate outlier-detection procedure in the routine genetic evaluation for different dairy cattle breeds; however, an optimal cutoff value for Mahalanobis distance needs to be defined to achieve an acceptable compromise between genetic evaluation accuracy and data deletion.