装备器材包装质量评价指标与评价方法探讨

为了对装备器材包装质量的优劣进行全面、准确、量化的评价,建立了一种基于综合层次分析评价方法的评价模型。在讨论装备器材包装质量各项要求的基础上,分析了装备器材包装质量评价指标体系防护性、安全性、保障性、可视性、环保性、经济性等构成要素,根据质量目标、装备器材特性和装备器材流通环境建立了确定的评价指标体系。实例验证结果表明,该评价模型简便、易行,为评价装备器材包装质量提供了量化依据。     

面向生产系统重构的物流仿真

指出了物流在生产系统中的重要性,提出了通过物流来重构生产系统的思想,在这个思想的基础上给出了递阶层次控制结构和基于时间优先级的任务队列的物流控制方法,同时规范化了3种物流运输策略,最终建立了面向生产系统重构的物流仿真平台,为物流系统重构提供了可靠依据,能满足市场多变的要求。     

基于模糊故障树的军用气象物资包装可靠性分析

应用模糊故障树分析方法对军用气象物资包装可靠性进行了系统分析,简要介绍了模糊故障树分析方法的基本理论,利用专家判断和模糊集理论相结合的方法,评估了故障树底事件发生的模糊失效概率。并以"TFS-1通风干湿表包装"为例,建立了包装系统的故障树,采用下行法求解了引起顶事件发生的最小割集,定量分析计算,得出模糊失效率为0.0705,同时计算了各底事件的重要度。模糊故障树分析方法对于提高军用气象物资包装防护能力,确保物资装备质量,具有非常重要的意义。     

A Sensitometer and Automatic Recording Densitometer for Colour Films

As the requirements made upon photographic material become more exacting, and accordingly, the manufacturing and processing tolerances more restricted, it becomes necessary to control every step accurately, from the impact of light on the sensitive emulsion to the finished image. The measurement of the different characteristics of an emulsion and the study of the connexion between its various properties, such as sensitivity, exposure range, contrast, resolving power, fog, etc. has been customary for black-and-white material for a long time. The development and improvement of the colour film make sensitometric control still more imperative, owing to the greater complexity of this material.     

Characterisation of bubble materials

The rapid development of magnetic bubble technology has required growth to exacting specifications of a large number of magnetic films of garnets and some amorphous binary and ternary alloys of rare-earth and transition metals. The characterisation of these films is an essential part in the search for newer materials which hold out promise for better device performance and cost viability. Many methods of films characterisation have been reported from time to time. By and large, these methods can be divided into two groups: one, bulk measurements made on the film and two, measurements made on the domains. We have attempted to collate and briefly introduce various techniques to characterise magnetic bubble materials in this review.     

基于GIS的武器装备管理DSS关键技术实现

 针对军队武器装备管理的需求,设计了基于GIS的武器装备管理决策支持系统.使用MapInfo绘制电子地图,利用桌面地图信息系统控件MapX与Delphi,Visual C++,Visual Basic,Power Builder应用开发平台的无缝连接编程.将地理信息系统（GIS）与综合决策支持系统技术相结合,重点介绍关键技术和实现方法.经开发,系统实现了按照空间位置进行区域查询和检索,按照属性种类进行查询,按照一定属性条件对保障资源进行查询,图形与属性的交互查询,并可制作专题地图.应用结果表明,该系统灵活通用、直观生动,能对我军武器装备的管理提供辅助决策支持.     

Military packaging in the UK today

Equipment for the Defence Services is daily becoming more expensive and more sophisticated and it therefore has to have a high reliability to enable the serviceman to have confidence in it. Therefore the quality and design of packaging coupled with its cost effectiveness is everyones business whether they be in design, development, production, purchasing, supply management, operational maintenance, storage, distribution or quality assurance and the aim must be that?packaging is as important as the materiel it contains'. The paper outlines the way in which the packaging needs of the British Army, Navy and Air Force are met by the Central Packaging Unit (CPU) of the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The equipment for testing is briefly described and the main R & D projects outlined.     

防潮包装储运期限的分析与评价

许多物资或装备器材需要有一定数量的战备储备,储存时间可能很长,也可能很短,储存方式多种多样,储存环境也难以确定.对于采用防潮包装进行贮运的战储器材,必须明确并严格执行储运期限,杜绝超封存期现象,是预防防潮包装内装物发生质量问题的关键,通过分析防潮包装储运期限的影响因素,提出了评价指标、计算与考核方法.     

Desensitization Effects on Solarizing Layers Containing Iridium

Around 1950, H. A. Wark observed a very peculiar desensitization effect on solarizing emulsions containing iridium. This photographie materiel was exposed quite normally in a camera but could afterwards be exposed safely to full daylight and was even developed in bright light. During development a direct positive picture of the original scene appeared, regardless of any second exposure. Following essentially the formulae given in a patent by Wark, a material with similar properties could be reproduced. This emulsion shows the following sensitometric behaviour: After a first exposure (with an exposure time shorter than one second) it loses its sensitivity gradually during a subsequent dark period (of about 1000 seconds) in a well defined manner. The material is now much less sensitive towards a second exposure than it was towards the first exposure. The rate of this sensitivity loss depends on the amount of the first exposure approximately iike a second-or third-order reaction does on concentration. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate is in accordance with an activation energy of 0.8 ±0.2 eV.     

An expert system for the design and selection of ball bearing parameters

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology. Research in Al is focused on developing computational approaches to intelligent behaviour.The computer programs with which AI could be associated are primarily processes associated with complexity, ambiguity, indecisiveness, and uncertainty. One of these computer programs is referred to as Knowledge-based Expert System (KBES) as it represents knowledge acquired from various experts in a particular field of interest to the user. The expert system emulates human behaviour in solving problems thought to require experts for their solution by utilizing computer programs that incorporate experts' heuristic reasoning. In this paper, the application of KBES to aid the design of ball and roller bearing is discussed. The precision rolling-element bearing of the twentieth century is a product of exacting technology and sophisticated science. A bearing supports radial and axial loads, at the same time allowing relative motion between two elements of a machine. Various requirements and steps in the design of ball and roller bearings are discussed. Equations are developed for the relevant design parameters and input into the expert system shell called VP-Expert. The expert system rules are also provided.     

非战争军事行动装备器材集装化应急保障探析

针对非战争军事行动特点及装备器材保障要求,结合近年来工程兵任务部队执行非战争军事行动装备器材应急保障工作实际,对装备器材保障集装化保障方式进行了研究和探讨,提出了装备器材集装化保障规范管理的方法及措施。     

基于多样化军事任务的军品包装需求分析

介绍了多样化军事任务主要特点,从可靠、快速、一体、、精确和经济保障5个方面系统分析了多样化军事任务对军品包装提出的要求,在此基础上,提出对策,全面提升军品包装水平。     

A digital filter-based approach to the remote condition monitoring of railway turnouts

Railway operations in Europe have changed dramatically since the early 1990s, partly as a result of new European Union Directives. Performance targets have become more and more exacting, due to reductions in state support for railways and the need to increasing traffic. More intensive operations also place greater demands on the hardware of the railway. This is true for both rolling stock and infrastructure subsystems and components, particularly so in the case of the latter where the time available for maintenance is being reduced. The authors of this paper focus on the railway infrastructure, and more specifically on points. These are critical elements whose reliability is key to the operation of the whole system. Using intelligent monitoring systems, it is possible to predict problems and enable quick recovery before component failures disrupt operations. The authors have studied the application of remote condition monitoring to point mechanisms and their operation, and have identified algorithms which may be used to identify incipient failures. In this paper, the authors propose a Kalman filter for the linear discrete data filtering problem encountered when using current sensor data in a point condition monitoring system. The reason for applying Kalman filtering in this study was to increase the reliability of the model presented to the rule-based decision mechanism.     

军品包装设计开发的过程控制及质量管理探析

概述了军品包装的设计开发程序和过程控制要求.介绍了如何通过对军品包装设计开发的方案设计、工程样机研制、试制以及设计定型等各阶段进行有效过程控制和质量管理,设计开发出满足现代武器装备需求的军用包装产品.     

军品包装标准化

介绍了军品包装标准化工作所取得的成绩,分析了军品包装标准化存在的问题,从搞好宣传、理顺管理体制、抓好体系构建、加强标准贯彻实施等方面提出了进一步搞好军品包装标准化工作的设想.     

A new class of doped nanobulk high-figure-of-merit thermoelectrics by scalable bottom-up assembly

Obtaining thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit ZT is an exacting challenge because it requires the independent control of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, which are often unfavourably coupled. Recent works have devised strategies based on nanostructuring and alloying to address this challenge in thin films, and to obtain bulk p-type alloys with ZT>1. Here, we demonstrate a new class of both p- and n-type bulk nanomaterials with room-temperature ZT as high as 1.1 using a combination of sub-atomic-per-cent doping and nanostructuring. Our nanomaterials were fabricated by bottom-up assembly of sulphur-doped pnictogen chalcogenide nanoplates sculpted by a scalable microwave-stimulated wet-chemical method. Bulk nanomaterials from single-component assemblies or nanoplate mixtures of different materials exhibit 25-250% higher ZT than their non-nanostructured bulk counterparts and state-of-the-art alloys. Adapting our synthesis and assembly approach should enable nanobulk thermoelectrics with further increases in ZT for transforming thermoelectric refrigeration and power harvesting technologies.     

High-integrity ferrous castings for steam turbines – aspects of their development and manufacture

Abstract

The past twenty to twenty–five years has been a period of considerable change for the foundry industry during which established practices and ingrained attitudes have required critical re–appraisal and occasionally drastic revision. The energy related industries, demanding higher quality components of proven integrity as service conditions have become progressively more exacting, have played an important role over this period as castings specifications have been subject to frequent revision to reflect changing requirements. Founders have been required to respond, first in order to exploit the buoyant market of the 1960's and early 1970's, and second to survive in the depressed international market of the late 1970's and early 1980's. This paper reviews developments in ferrous castings for large steam turbines during this period, and outlines the manner in which specifications for this type of casting have become progressively more stringent. The impact of these changes on the foundry industry is reviewed, and an outline is given of the response of one UK castings manufacturer to the challenge of competing in the international marketplace of the 1980's.

MST/164     

Carbon and aramid reinforced plastics in the manufacture of automotive propeller shafts part 1

High strength/stiffness tubes can be produced from carbon fibre reinforced plastics, Aramid fibre reinforced plastics, or hybrid laminates using a filament winding process.Such tubes are adaptable for the manufacture of power transmission shafts, e.g. automobile propeller shafts, with positive advantages over those in metal in terms of weight reduction and assembly.This paper describes the critical material and processing parameters required to produce an automobile transmission shaft to the exacting standards required of this particular end-use.     

Residual stresses on flat specimens of different kinds of grey and nodular irons after laser surface remelting

Abstract

Laser surface remelting is one of the best procedures for surface modification of ferrite–pearlite nodular irons. Using this procedure on cast irons it is possible to achieve a very high wear resistance, which can be compared with the wear resistance of surface hardened heat treatable steels. The properties of the modified layer depend on the microstructure before heat treatment and on the amount of energy input transferred into the surface layer of the specimen. The research work has focused on the study of residual stresses after laser surface remelting of different kinds of grey and nodular irons. The identification of residual stresses was performed using the relaxation method, which involved measuring specimen strain. The results of the measured residual stresses confirm that the stresses strongly depend on laser surface remelting conditions. The measurement of residual stresses is very important in exacting dynamically loaded machine parts, which have been subjected to different kinds of heat treatment. In designing parts designers very frequently demand the presence of compressive residual stresses after heat treatment and finish grinding of the surface, since this increases the fatigue strength of the material and reduces the danger of fracture.     

现代武器装备对军品包装的要求及质量控制

随着现代武器装备的快速发展及其储运环境的日益复杂化,其对军品包装的要求越来越高.本文从防静电、电磁屏蔽、防潮密封、隐身防护、信息识别及环境适应性等方面阐述了现代武器装备对军品包装的要求,并简述了如何对军品包装进行产品质量控制.