汽车磁流变半主动悬架控制策略对比研究

在分析磁流变减振器的结构与原理的基础上,建立起较为简化的汽车磁流变减振器数学模型。同时,建立了1/4汽车半主动悬架系统动力学模型及路面谱模型;分别设计了基于磁流变半主动悬架系统的天棚控制器、地棚控制器、PID控制器及模糊控制器,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行了仿真试验对比研究。在天棚控制策略下,车身加速度降低16.32%,悬架动挠度降低16.91%;在地棚控制下,车身加速度降低11.29%,悬架动挠度降低2.94%;在PID控制下,车身加速度降低79%,悬架动挠度反而上升73%;在模糊控制下,车身加速度降低21%,悬架动挠度降低12%,轮胎动载荷降低5%。结果表明,模糊控制磁流变半主动悬架有效减小了车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷,明显地提高了汽车乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。     

四轮转向智能车辆轨迹跟踪及稳定控制研究

为了改善智能车辆轨迹跟踪过程中的行驶稳定性,针对四轮转向车辆提出了一种轨迹跟踪及稳定控制方法。首先建立了车辆三自由度动力学模型,然后应用模型预测控制算法设计轨迹跟踪控制器。考虑了四轮转向车辆的动力学特性和不同路面附着对轮胎侧偏角控制的影响,在跟踪算法中引入零质心侧偏角控制和动态轮胎侧偏角边界控制方法,实现车辆的稳定控制。最后,通过对接路面工况下的仿真,验证了所提出的控制方法能够保证车辆在轨迹跟踪过程中具有良好的稳定性。     

低附着路面转弯工况下半挂汽车列车横向稳定性控制

针对低附着路面半挂汽车列车转弯稳定性差的问题,依据车辆动力学和控制理论对半挂汽车列车转弯控制策略进行分析研究.应用TruckSim软件建立包括传动系统、转向系统、制动系统、悬架系统、空气动力学、轮胎、车体7大子系统的半挂汽车列车模型,并在MATLAB/Simulink中建立ESP和AFS集成控制器,采用联合仿真方式对低附着路面转弯时车辆的稳定性进行分析.结果 表明:提出的AFS和ESP的集成控制策略有效地提高了半挂汽车列车在低附着系数路面转弯工况的横向稳定性,避免了侧滑、折叠等失稳现象.     

非线性轮胎侧向力对汽车转向稳定性的影响

为分析轮胎侧向力对汽车转向稳定性的影响,建立了非线性轮胎侧向力模型并通过四自由度整车动力学模型计算了不同车速下汽车质心侧偏角、车身侧倾角和前轮转角响应。基于ADAMS的虚拟试验和实车试验结果表明：汽车高速转向行驶时,非线性轮胎侧向力模型能更准确地反映出汽车运动状态的响应,各状态响应的平均绝对误差能控制在相应状态幅值的10%以内。研究结果对汽车稳定性控制系统的设计具有理论指导意义。     

基于状态反馈的四轮转向汽车最优控制研究

针对四轮转向汽车传统模糊PID控制算法控制效果及稳定性差等缺点,在四轮转向二自由度模型基础上考虑车身的侧倾及轮胎的非线性特性,建立三自由度非线性模型.在此基础上,利用最优控制理论设计了基于车辆状态反馈的最优控制器,并在阶跃、脉冲和蛇形等典型试验工况下,与传统的前轮转向汽车和模糊PID控制下的四轮转向汽车进行操纵稳定性仿...     

基于系统约束的重型汽车动力学建模及分析

针对传统方法建立汽车整车动力学模型中存在的过程复杂、约束难以确定等问题,以重型汽车整车为对象,应用Udwadia-Kalaba理论提出了一种基于系统约束的离散化模型,并进行了动力学分析。该模型考虑了汽车在正常行驶过程中路面对4个轮胎的真实激励情况,重点研究了整车z向的动态特性。通过MATLAB仿真得到空载和D级路面激励情况下的振动特性,并将该模型与传统方法建立的模型进行比较,验证了模型的正确性,同时分析了车身关键位置及驾驶员位置动态特性曲线。     

汽车主动悬架单神经元PID控制器设计

悬架系统对汽车乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性的改善起着重要的作用。为提高汽车行驶的平顺性,设计了单神经元PID控制器,并利用人工蜂群算法在线优化单神经元PID控制增益。以车身垂直加速度、轮胎动位移、悬架动行程为评价指标,研究控制器的减振效果和当路面输入改变、模型参数变化时的适应性,对1/4汽车主动悬架模型进行仿真了分析。结果表明:基于蜂群的单神经元PID控制器有效地降低了车身垂直加速度,且有较强的鲁棒性,进一步提高了汽车行驶的平顺性。     

考虑转向速度的汽车操纵稳定性分析

汽车转向时前轮的转向速度对汽车的操纵稳定性具有确实的影响.通过动力学分析建立汽车的操纵稳定性的3自由度模型,提出考虑转向速度时的轮胎侧向力模型,推导出前轮转角输入与相应输出之间的传递函数矩阵,使用传递函数矩阵估计方法对与轮胎侧偏角加速度、侧偏角速度和侧偏角等相关的轮胎侧偏特性参数进行辨识和计算.试验数据验证了实车的整车模型和轮胎侧向力模型有很高的准确性.分析转向速度对汽车的操纵稳定性的影响,结果表明前轮的转向速度在一定范围内对汽车侧向加速度、横摆角速度和车身侧倾角有明显的影响,而且程度各不相同,正常转向时,转向速度的变化对汽车的动力学特性有较大的影响.     

汽车ABS的模糊预测控制策略研究

分析了汽车的单轮动力学模型、轮胎模型、制动系统模型和控制模型,在理想路面上,为使汽车与地面保持最大附着系数以达到最佳制动状态,建立了模糊控制器,并引入了预测控制理论,实现了汽车ABS的模糊预测控制。     

基于FlexRay总线线控转向稳定性研究

线控转向装置取消了转向盘和车轮的机械连接,是未来汽车转向的发展趋势.该文采用魔术轮胎的非线性整车动力学模型,研究了车速、路面附着系数以及前轮转向对汽车稳定性的影响;在此基础上,提出了基于横摆角速度和侧向加速度联合控制的控制策略,提高了汽车的稳定性;建立了基于FlexRay通信的线控转向系统,并建立了dSPACE硬件在环...     

汽车动力学稳定性控制研究进展

汽车稳定性控制系统(Dynamics stability control stystem, DSC)是汽车主动安全领域的一项关键技术,长期以来一直是汽车领域的研究热点。DSC系统集成汽车防抱制动系统(Anti-lock braking system, ABS)、牵引力控制系统(Traction contort system, TCS)以及主动横摆力偶矩控制系统(Activeyam control, AYC),能有效改善汽车的稳定性和安全性。汽车稳定性控制技术的发展可分为动力学建模、状态观测、控制策略和产业化四个方面。其中动力学建模包括面向仿真的建模和面向控制的建模。面向仿真的建模可采用ADAMS或Carsim建立仿真模型,面向控制的建模可采用两轮或四轮模型。状态观测主要需要对动力学控制关键参量如轮缸压力、路面附着、轮胎力和纵横向车速等进行在线观测。在已实现DSC控制的基本功能后,对DSC控制的要求进一步提高,为了减少控制的滞后性,介绍基于预测横摆角速度的AYC控制策略,同时为了减少汽车在对开路面上的抖动,介绍防抖振的TCS控制技术。通过不断的探索和研究,稳定性控制技术在国内的产业化也逐步在实现。     

A nonlinear sideslip observer design methodology for automotive vehicles based on a rational tire model

In this paper we develop a nonlinear vehicle sideslip observer design that is based on a nonlinear lateral dynamics vehicle model. In doing so we utilize a novel simplified rational tire model to compute the lateral wheel forces. This tire model is significantly simpler than the well known Magic Formula (in terms of the number of model parameters), yet it provides sufficient detail over a wide range of operating conditions for the purpose of estimating the sideslip angle. The input to the nonlinear observer are typical signals that are available within lateral stability control systems, which include vehicle speed, steer angle, lateral acceleration and yaw rate measurements. In our analysis, we assume the road friction to be a known parameter. We utilize a recent theorem from the literature and show that the suggested nonlinear state estimator a) is asymptotically stable for the case where the observer makes use of the exact tire model, b) is stable (in the sense of Lyapunov) providing uniformly bounded error dynamics for the case where it makes use the proposed rational tire model to approximate the exact tire model. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of our nonlinear observer based estimation technique under varying road friction conditions.     

An Adaptive Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Yaw Stability Control of Bus Based on STI Tire Model

Due to the bus characteristics of large quality,high center of gravity and narrow wheelbase,the research of its yaw stability control (YSC) system has become the focus in the field of vehicle system dynamics.However,the tire nonlin-ear mechanical properties and the effectiveness of the YSC control system are not considered carefully in the current research.In this paper,a novel adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) control scheme for YSC is proposed to improve the bus curve driving stability and safety on slippery roads.Firstly,the STI (Systems Technolo-gies Inc.) tire model,which can effectively reflect the nonlinear coupling relationship between the tire longitudinal force and lateral force,is established based on experimental data and firstly adopted in the bus YSC system design.On this basis,a more accurate bus lateral dynamics model is built and a novel YSC strategy based on ANFTSM,which has the merits of fast transient response,finite time convergence and high robustness against uncertainties and external disturbances,is designed.Thirdly,to solve the optimal allocation problem of the tire forces,whose objective is to achieve the desired direct yaw moment through the effective distribution of the brake force of each tire,the robust least-squares allocation method is adopted.To verify the feasibility,effectiveness and practicality of the proposed bus YSC approach,the TruckSim-Simulink co-simulation results are finally provided.The co-simulation results show that the lateral stability of bus under special driving conditions has been significantly improved.This research proposes a more effective design method for bus YSC system based on a more accurate tire model.     

Real-time Tire Parameters Observer for Vehicle Dynamics Stability Control

The performance of the vehicle dynamics stability control system(DSC) is dominated by the accurate estimation of tire forces in real-time.The characteristics of tire forces are determined by tire dynamic states and parameters,which vary in an obviously large scope along with different working conditions.Currently,there have been many methods based on the nonlinear observer to estimate the tire force and dynamic parameters,but they were only used in off-line analysis because of the computation complexity and the dynamics differences of four tires in the steering maneuver conditions were not considered properly.This paper develops a novel algorithm to observe tire parameters in real-time controller for DSC.The algorithm is based on the sensor-fusion technology with the signals of DSC sensors,and the tire parameters are estimated during a set of maneuver courses.The calibrated tire parameters in the control cycle are treated as the elementary states for vehicle dynamics observation,in which the errors between the calculated and the measured vehicle dynamics are used as the correcting factors for the tire parameter observing process.The test process with a given acceleration following a straight line is used to validate the estimation method of the longitudinal stiffness;while the test process with a given steering angle is used to validate the estimated value of the cornering stiffness.The ground test result shows that the proposed algorithm can estimate the tire stiffness accurately with an acceptable computation cost for real-time controller only using DSC sensor signal.The proposed algorithm can be an efficient algorithm for estimating the tire dynamic parameters in vehicle dynamics stability control system,and can be used to improve the robustness of the DSC controller.     

考虑路面影响的车辆稳定性控制质心侧偏角动态边界控制

路面附着系数与车辆稳定性控制的效果紧密联系,因此有必要在考虑路面影响的情况下设计一种能够适用于多种路面的质心侧偏角控制策略。在7自由度非线性动力学模型的基础上,由车轮侧向力与路面附着的关系,分析不同路面对质心侧偏角控制的影响。根据路面附着系数的不同,通过定义极限边界和线性区域边界,设计变化的动态质心侧偏角安全边界。根据横摆角速度增益判断车辆是否处于非线性状态,并在有逼近安全边界的趋势时提前施加控制,以避免产生由车轮纵向力增加引起的侧向力减小所造成的加剧车辆侧滑的趋势。基于非线性输入的滑模控制算法设计质心侧偏角控制器。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实车试验验证了该控制方法能够在不同附着路面条件下的有效地保证汽车的行驶稳定性。     

分布式电驱动汽车稳定性控制策略设计与试验

研究分布式驱动电动汽车操纵稳定性控制问题。基于模型跟踪控制的思想,采用分层控制结构设计控制器。控制器包含参考模型、运动跟踪控制器、控制分配器、参数估计模块。采用带质心侧偏角约束的2自由度车辆模型作为参考模型,设计非线性滑模变结构运动跟踪控制器;针对过驱动系统引入控制分配理论,采用二次规划法设计控制分配器,利用有效集方法进行求解;设计相关动力学参量的估计模块。利用实车平台对稳定性策略进行实车验证,双移线试验与蛇形绕桩试验结果表明：滑模变结构控制器具有较好的收敛性,控制分配模块可以实现四轮纵向力的优化分配,车辆横摆角速度能够较好地跟踪参考横摆角速度。相比无控制车辆,提高平均通过车速,提高平均峰值横摆角速度响应,增加车辆在极限工况下的稳定性。     

基于综合控制的多轴车辆电控液压转向系统

针对某8×2重型货车,建立了阀控缸的二自由度多轴车辆转向动力学模型。使用门限阈值控制及基于RBF神经网络的PID在线整定控制方法,以操纵稳定性和轮胎磨损最优为控制目标,在MATLAB/Simulink中进行仿真,得到了20km/h和50km/h时横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、侧向加速度在第一轴转角阶跃输入下的时域响应,并进行了bode图的频域分析。同时对比了开环控制、PID控制、RBF神经网络整定PID控制下,第三轴转角在行驶及原地转向时的阶跃时域响应。仿真结果表明,车辆具有较好的操纵稳定性和轮胎抗磨性。     

四轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车纵侧向稳定性协调控制策略研究

结合四轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车四轮转矩独立可控的特点,针对加速同时转向时地面附着力不足的情况,研究车辆纵向和侧向稳定性协调控制策略。针对未知和复杂多变的路面附着情况,设计对路面附着变化具有良好鲁棒性的滑转率自寻优驱动防滑控制策略,采用滑模控制方法实现了对路面最优滑转率的自适应追踪。在此基础上,构建稳定性协调控制策略,通过对车辆纵、侧向动力学目标进行优先级判断和多目标协调控制,有效提升了车辆纵向和侧向稳定性。通过CarSim-Simulink联合仿真验证了驱动防滑控制策略在未知路面附着情况下的有效性,提出的纵侧向稳定性协调控制策略能够有效提升车辆的纵向和侧向稳定性,控制效果优于直接横摆力矩控制。     

Comparative Study of Trajectory Tracking Control for Automated Vehicles via Model Predictive Control and Robust H-infinity State Feedback Control

A comparative study of model predictive control(MPC) schemes and robust H_∞ state feedback control(RSC) method for trajectory tracking is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to compare MPC and RSC controllers' performance in tracking predefined trajectory under different scenarios. MPC controller is designed based on the simple longitudinal-yaw-lateral motions of a single-track vehicle with a linear tire, which is an approximation of the more realistic model of a vehicle with double-track motion with a non-linear tire mode. RSC is designed on the basis of the same method as adopted for the MPC controller to achieve a fair comparison. Then, three test cases are built in CarSim-Simulink joint platform. Specifically, the verification test is used to test the tracking accuracy of MPC and RSC controller under well road conditions. Besides, the double lane change test with low road adhesion is designed to find the maximum velocity that both controllers can carry out while guaranteeing stability. Furthermore, an extreme curve test is built where the road adhesion changes suddenly, in order to test the performance of both controllers under extreme conditions. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of MPC and RSC under different scenarios are also discussed.