一种基于螺旋波带片的无透镜边缘增强成像技术

提出一种基于螺旋波带片的无透镜编码边缘增强成像技术，用螺旋波带片和图像传感器组成成像系统，对拍摄的图片进行反向传播重建。在反向传播中，取强度值可实现各向同性边缘增强成像，取实部或虚部可实现各向异性边缘增强成像。对取实部实现各向异性边缘增强成像进行理论推导，引入初始相位因子实现方向可选择的各向异性边缘增强成像。数值模拟和实验验证了理论分析与实验结果的一致性。对基于菲涅耳波带片、螺旋波带片的无透镜成像系统的边缘增强重建结果进行定量对比分析，结果证明基于螺旋波带片的无透镜成像系统更适用于边缘增强成像。所提技术在缺陷检测、智能识别和虚拟现实技术等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种用各向异性扩散方程抑制SAR相干斑噪声的方法

本文提出了一种基于各向异性扩散偏微分方程抑制合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的相干斑噪声的算法,简称DSADE算法。本算法根据SAR图像的局部特征在均匀区域各向同性扩散,边缘细节区域各向异性扩散,不仅可以很好地保持边缘细节信息,而且可以对其进行增强。实验结果表明,本算法不仅有效抑制了SAR图像的相干斑噪声,保持并增强了边缘细节,而且有着良好的图像视觉效果。     

基于FPGA的自适应旁瓣对消原理及其实现

自适应旁瓣对消(ASLC)是雷达抗有源干扰的有效方法。它采用空间滤波技术，通过辅助接收通道在干扰方向形成波束图的零点，实现对干扰信号的抑制。本文介绍了自适应旁瓣对消的原理，然后给出了基于FPGA的ASLC实现方案，最后通过仿真和试验结果，分析了自适应旁瓣对消的性能。     

雷达旁瓣相消和旁瓣匿影抗干扰技术

自适应旁瓣相消（ASLC）是雷达抗有源干扰的有效方法。它采用空间滤波技术，通过辅助接收通道在干扰方向形成波束图的零点．实现对干扰信号的抑制；而旁瓣匿影则可以用来对付另一类由天线副瓣进入接收机的干扰．包括脉冲型干扰、强目标回波、杂波干扰等。本文论述了自适应旁瓣相消和旁瓣匿影的基本原理，实现方案，并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

抑制SAR图像相干斑的迭代方向滤波算法

为保护SAR图像边缘特征并有效提高对乘性相干斑噪声的抑制性能,该文提出一种基于迭代方向滤波的抑制图像相干斑新算法。该算法先借助高斯-伽马平行窗估计出的比率边缘强度映射(ESM)与方向信息,自适应地控制各向异性高斯核(AGK),生成沿ESM方向分布的具有各向异性支撑区域的局域窗。然后将SAR图像多种局部统计参量联合作为衰减因子,形成与SAR图像区域分布特性相适应的负指数衰减型加权系数,进而将负指数衰减型加权系数与局域窗带方向的各向异性支撑区域结合形成局域加权的方向滤波。最后对SAR图像迭代地进行方向滤波即可实现带边缘保护的相干斑抑制。实验结果表明,与多种抑斑算法相比,该文算法在SAR图像抑斑与边缘保护方面均获得了更好的性能。     

3级串联声光可调谐滤波器旁瓣抑制的研究

利用3级滤波结构,实现了对声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的旁瓣抑制.根据耦合模理论分析了共线型和准共线型AOTF的滤波原理,推导出3级级联滤波的转换特性表达式:计算结果表明,3级滤波结构能够有效地抑制旁瓣.实验测定表明,旁瓣被抑制到-27 dB左右,并且滤波带宽也得到了压窄.     

超声线性调频信号脉冲压缩的旁瓣特性研究

在超声成像中,峰值旁瓣过高形成伪像,影响超声成像质量。针对超声换能器的特性,研究线性调频信号激励超声换能器后的带宽、扫描时间与脉冲压缩峰值旁瓣水平相关性,设计相应的调制/滤波方案抑制超声成像峰值旁瓣水平。理论分析和实验结果表明,线性调频信号激励换能器脉冲压缩后的峰值旁瓣水平分别随着线性调频信号带宽和扫描时间的增加而降低,通过比对分析理论与实验的差值,得到误差函数erf(B)、erf(T);与tukey窗函数和Dolph-Chebyshev窗函数调制/滤波方案相比,kaiser窗函数调制/滤波方案更好地解决了脉冲压缩分辨率和峰值旁瓣水平的折衷问题,为最佳调制/滤波方案。     

热光非定域螺旋相衬成像（特邀）

边缘增强作为一种图像处理技术,对于研究物体边界信息有着重要的应用。根据热光鬼成像的关联机制,将鬼成像与螺旋相衬成像技术相结合,把相位物体与涡旋滤光器非定域地放在热光鬼成像系统的探测光路和参考光路中,建立了相位物体边缘增强识别系统。实验结果表明,采用具有分数阶轨道角动量拓扑荷的涡旋滤波器可以实现轨道角动量值在0~1范围内的相位物体的边缘渐变性增强效果。随着轨道角动量拓扑荷数的增加,相位物体的边缘增强效果会越明显。非定域螺旋相衬成像相较于传统的螺旋相衬成像方案,突破了被测物体和涡旋滤波器在同一光路,并且滤波器必须放置在频谱面的空间局域性限制,解除了对主动照明光源相干性的要求,增强了涡旋滤波相衬成像系统的泛化能力。     

多级级联声光可调谐滤波器旁瓣的抑制

单级声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)存在旁瓣过高的问题(-9 dB左右),这给其应用带来了一定的局限性.研究了用多级滤波结构实现旁瓣抑制,通过对单级和多级AOTF滤波特性的理论计算值、实验测量结果的分析比较,说明了多级滤波的优越性.利用耦合模理论分析了单级共线型和单级准共线型AOTF的滤波原理,推导出了多级级联滤波的转换特性表达式.计算结果表明,较之单级滤波,多级级联不仅具有较强的旁瓣抑制能力,还具有良好的带宽压窄作用.实验测量了三级滤波,其旁瓣被抑制到-27 dB左右,并且滤波带宽也得到了压窄.该实验结果说明,多级滤波结构在更为有效地抑制旁瓣的同时也能够很好地压窄带宽.     

自适应旁瓣对消在雷达中的应用

自适应旁瓣对消(ASLC)是雷达抗有源干扰的有效方法.它采用空间滤波技术,通过辅助接收通道在干扰方向形成波束图的零点,实现对干扰信号的抑制.本文介绍了自适应旁瓣对消的原理,然后给出了基于DSP的ASLC实现方案,分析了自适应旁瓣对消的性能.同传统的对消系统相比,该系统具有更好的抗干扰性能.     

Optimization of the frequency response of a semiconductor opticalamplifier wavelength converter using a fiber Bragg grating

Cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is one of the simplest techniques for all-optical wavelength conversion. However, the finite gain recovery time of the semiconductor optical amplifier causes distortion and pattern dependence at high bit rates. Here we show that filtering the output of a semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength converter with the transmission edge of a fiber grating filter improves its frequency response. The grating sharpens the transition between the bits by converting the phase modulation at the edge to useful amplitude modulation. We determine the filtering condition that produces the optimum frequency response and reduces bit-pattern dependence for nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data. For small modulation, the apparent frequency response increases by the linewidth enhancement factor α_H of the SOA. In this case, pattern dependence is eliminated completely by the fiber grating filter. For large modulation, pattern dependence can be substantially reduced, but not completely eliminated. We show that after spectral filtering, the residual pattern dependence of an SOA depends only on modulation depth. For a given SOA, we find the optimum grating for minimum conversion penalty at 12 Gb/s for a wide range of operating parameters. Using a fiber grating filter reduces the required optical power for conversion in a semiconductor optical amplifier     

Digital Image Processing Applied to Scintillation Images from Biomedical Systems

Several nonlinear filtering methods have been developed for two-dimensional image signals obtained from an Anger Scintillation camera. The first method termed "pruning" is implemented in the frequency domain and filters out certain components of the two-dimensional amplitude spectrum. The other methods called "E-filtering" and "P-filtering" utilize a nonlinear transformation of the spatial coordinates which is proportional to the two-dimensional signal amplitude and energy spectrum, respectively. These nonlinear filtering techniques have been applied to phantom scintigrams as well as brain and heart scans of normal and abnormal patients. In addition, the detection of boundaries using the hexagonal Golay transform on filtered and unfiltered images is included. Finally, these filtering and edge detection techniques were for the first time applied to a new technique for the detection of acute myocardial infarcts.     

A cost-effective VLSI architecture for anisotropic texture filtering in limited memory bandwidth

Texture mapping is one of the techniques that express realism in three-dimensional (3-D) graphics. To produce high-quality images, various anisotropic filtering methods have been proposed for texture mapping. These methods require more texels than isotropic (trilinear) filtering method. In spite of increases to texture memory bandwidth, however, texture memory bandwidth is still a bottleneck of texture-filtering hardware. Consequently, an exact filtering method is required for good-quality images in a limited texture memory bandwidth. In this paper, we propose anisotropic texture filtering based on edge functions. Our method proposes an exact footprint-shape approximation with edge functions for generating weights. For real-time filtering, the weight plays a key role in effective filtering of the restricted texels loaded from memory. The normalized value of the edge function gives the distance relative to the contribution of texels to a final intensity. Calculating a Gaussian filter using this normalized value, generates a good weight. The quality of rendered images is superior to other anisotropic filtering methods with the same restricted number of texels. For images of the same quality, our method requires less than half the texels of other methods. Consequently, the improvement in performance is more than twice that of other methods. With low hardware overheads, our method can be implemented at a reasonable cost. In practice, the algorithm is demonstrated through VLSI implementation. The hardware, which is described by verilog and synthesized with a 0.35-/spl mu/m 3.3-V standard cell library, is operated at 100 MHz and it generates 100 M texture-filtered RGB pixel-color values per second.     

Hardware Implementation of Enhancement Embedded Reduced Runtime Recovery Algorithm for Compressively Sensed Images

Compressed sensing is based on the principle that, through optimization, the sparsity of a signal can be exploited to recover it from fewer samples than required by the criterion. In compressed sensing, data is compressed and converted into fewer measurements and transmitted through wireless channel which is reconstructed at the receiver. Since very few samples are used for reconstruction, there are possibilities of degradation in quality of reconstruction. Unlike traditional methods, enhancement can now be done using the recent technique of compressed sensing by embedding image enhancement techniques like edge detection, histogram, filtering and their combinations with CS recovery procedure. This work proposes such a method by binding the image enhancement techniques along with the compressed sensing process. Filter of Gaussian filter (FGF), a combinational filter proposed in this study enables an increase in PSNR of 1 dB when compared to other filtering techniques besides using least number of measurements and maintaining minimum time consumption. The runtime difference with and without the FGF is ~?3 s, which is affordable even in hardware with minimum specifications. Real time experimentation of embedded enhancement CS was carried out in WINGZ board to prove the feasibility of enhanced recovery process with lower end hardware.     

太赫兹图像的降噪和增强

太赫兹波由于其独特的性质而被用于对特定物体的无损检测和成像。提高成像质量成为影响太赫兹成像系统应用的关键。数字图像处理技术是改善图像质量的一条重要途径。基于太赫兹透射成像实验,研究讨论了运用空域滤波、高斯平滑、频域滤波和边缘检测等图像降噪和图像增强技术,有效克服成像系统的实验噪声、激光功率抖动等影响,并对图像降噪和增强方法的选择和处理效果做出了对比分析。结果显示,通过对图像降噪和图像增强技术的综合运用,可以大大提高太赫兹图像的清晰度和可辨识性。     

Quantitative design and evaluation of enhancement/thresholding edge detectors

Quantitative design and performance evaluation techniques are developed for the enhancement/thresholding class of image edge detectors. The design techniques are based on statistical detection theory and deterministic pattern-recognition classification procedures. The performance evaluation methods developed include: a)deterministic measurement of the edge gradient amplitude; b)comparison of the probabilities of correct and false edge detection; and c) figure of merit computation. The design techniques developed are used to optimally design a variety of small and large mask edge detectors. Theoretical and experimental comparisons of edge detectors are presented.     

基于嵌入式人工智能的智慧医疗健康管理系统设计

近年来,基于人工智能的医疗技术取得了丰富的研究成果,在智慧医疗的发展中发挥了重要作用,开启了智慧医疗的新时代。与传统的医疗管理方法相比,传统管理手段在生理参数测量方面的准确性较低,文中提出了一种基于嵌入式人工智能技术的系统。该系统利用AI算法对接收到的信号进行质量评估、滤波、去噪、增强、特征提取、心拍分类等处理,将NBIOT模块加载到云端并进行用户健康管理。其可以实现用户和医生之间的双向交互,甚至可以创建个人生理数据库,以实现疾病监测和动态管理。     

基于改进高斯滤波的医学图像边缘增强

医学图像的边缘包含了图像的很多重要信息,对医学诊断的效率和精准性影响较大,文中研究了一种医学图像边缘增强的方法。为了在图像去噪阶段保留更多的图像细节信息,文中在传统高斯滤波算法基础上提出了一种标准差选取自适应的滤波算法。在图像增强阶段,利用传统的拉普拉斯算子结合强度权重控制图像增强的效果。经过算法分析和实验,验证了两种算法的结合提高了去噪效果,有效保留了图像的边缘细节信息,能够实现医学图像的边缘增强。     

Scale aware remote sensing image enhancement using rolling guidance

Enhancement of remotely sensed images is a challenging problem, since the enhanced image has to have an improved contrast and edge information while preserving the original radiance values as much as possible. In this paper, a scale aware enhancement method based on rolling guidance is proposed for remotely sensed images. For each scale, a guidance image is defined and the approximation image is provided by an iterative joint filtering of the approximation and guidance images. Then the extracted details are amplified through an adaptive scheme and added to the final level approximation layer to provide the resulting enhanced image. A comparative study between the proposed methods with classical edge preserving filters and traditional methods have been carried out by using several criteria. The proposed methods have an average of 12% improvement for contrast gain (CG) metric and 81% improvement for enhancement measurement (EME) metric compared to the closest comparison method.     

Improved transmission of chirped signals from semiconductor opticaldevices by pulse reshaping using a fiber Bragg grating filter

Spectral filtering of chirped signals with an edge of a fiber grating filter improves propagation in nondispersion-shifted fiber. The improvement is due to a temporal shift of the frequency modulation with respect to the amplitude modulation. By filtering the chirped output of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) wavelength converter with a fiber grating edge we obtain error-free transmission of converted data through 100 km of nondispersion-shifted fiber at 5 Gb/s