含负电容谐振分流电路的压电声子晶体梁的局域共振带隙与振动衰减

通过在树脂梁上周期贴敷压电片,并连接由被动电阻-电感(RL)谐振分流电路和负电容(NC)电路串联而成的分流电路,构造了压电声子晶体梁结构。采用传递矩阵法计算了该类型压电声子晶体梁结构的带隙特性,并对电阻、电感和负电容对局域共振带隙的影响进行了深入分析,发现分流电路中的LC电磁振荡回路可产生局域共振带隙,而串联的负电容电路则可增强压电片的机电耦合效率,从而增强带隙衰减范围和衰减幅值。采用振动实验方法对理论分析结果进行了验证,证实串联的负电容对局域共振带隙的增强作用,为局域共振声子晶体的设计提供了新的思路。     

可调谐局域共振梁带隙模型改进

局域共振声子晶体具有弹性波带隙特性,可用于结构振动与噪声控制。通过引入压电分流阵列也可以在基体结构形成弹性波带隙,尤其是谐振分流电路可以产生局域共振带隙。而且,通过调节分流电路参数可以方便地改变其局域共振带隙特性。研究了含压电分流阵列的局域共振梁带隙计算建模方法,指出了传统带隙模型的不足,并提出了改进模型。利用传递矩阵法计算了传统模型和改进模型弯曲波传播常数,比较了两种模型对带隙预测的差异,发现传统模型在局域共振带隙内形成了较大误差,利用改进模型可以大大提高局域共振带隙的预测精度。     

谐振放大压电声学超材料梁带隙特性研究

声学超材料具有亚波长带隙,可应用于结构振动与噪声控制。引入压电材料和谐振分流电路,可以利用电磁振荡和压电材料机电耦合特性在超材料内部形成可调谐局域共振带隙。传统压电声学超材料受到已有压电材料机电耦合系数的限制,带隙一般较窄,无法满足大柔性结构振动与噪声控制中低频宽带需求。因而,该文提出一种谐振放大压电声学超材料梁结构。将压电片划分为传感极和驱动极,传感极输出电压经过运算放大电路放大,然后与谐振电路相连,实现局域共振效果的增强,从而增大带隙宽度。采用有限元方法建立压电声学超材料梁带隙计算模型,分析了带隙位置和宽度随电路放大倍数的变化,研究了等效弹性模量与带隙的关系;利用商用有限元软件仿真分析了有限周期梁的振动传递特性,验证了带隙计算方法的正确性。研究结果表明,放大电路有效增强了电路的局域共振效果,随着放大倍数的增大,带隙频率降低,带隙宽度增大。     

一种局域共振型角式声子晶体梁

局域共振型声子晶体梁具有纵向振动带隙和横向振动带隙,一般而言,前者频率范围很窄而且衰减量极小,后者频率范围很宽并且衰减很强,二者往往不在同一频带,因此很难满足同一频带内的多维减振要求。针对这一问题,为充分利用横向振动带隙的宽频带强衰减特性,提出了一种局域共振型角式声子晶体梁,采用传递矩阵法进行了理论分析和数值求解,并进一步在有限元软件中做了仿真验证,结果表明该角梁能够通过纵波与横波的转换,使得三个自由度上的振动均能在同一频带内得到有效的衰减,从而一方面满足了工程上的多维减振需求,另一方面也拓展了声子晶体减振应用场合。     

含有周期分布转动振子的声子晶体梁的弯曲振动带隙研究EI北大核心CSCD

将转动振子周期布置于基体梁上形成声子晶体梁,受到外激励时,转动振子对基体梁产生动态反力矩作用。基于欧拉梁理论,采用传递矩阵法计算得到含转动振子的声子晶体梁的复能带结构。计算结果表明,转动振子可以使得声子晶体梁产生窄频带局域共振带隙和宽频带Bragg带隙。分析转动振子的转动惯量和转动刚度对带隙的调控作用,得到带隙变化的一般规律。转动刚度恒定时,减小转动惯量会拓宽局域共振带隙。转动振子频率恒定时,过大或过小的转动刚度会减小局域共振带隙带宽。同时提高转动惯量和转动刚度可以有效拓宽Bragg带隙。针对有限长的含转动振子的声子晶体梁,用谱单元法计算振动传递率,验证了含转动振子的声子晶体梁的带隙特性。该研究为声子晶体的带隙设计提供了理论依据。     

含有周期分布转动振子的声子晶体梁的弯曲振动带隙研究

将转动振子周期布置于基体梁上形成声子晶体梁,受到外激励时,转动振子对基体梁产生动态反力矩作用。基于欧拉梁理论,采用传递矩阵法计算得到含转动振子的声子晶体梁的复能带结构。计算结果表明,转动振子可以使得声子晶体梁产生窄频带局域共振带隙和宽频带Bragg带隙。分析转动振子的转动惯量和转动刚度对带隙的调控作用,得到带隙变化的一般规律。转动刚度恒定时,减小转动惯量会拓宽局域共振带隙。转动振子频率恒定时,过大或过小的转动刚度会减小局域共振带隙带宽。同时提高转动惯量和转动刚度可以有效拓宽Bragg带隙。针对有限长的含转动振子的声子晶体梁,用谱单元法计算振动传递率,验证了含转动振子的声子晶体梁的带隙特性。该研究为声子晶体的带隙设计提供了理论依据。     

幂指数棱台局域共振型声子晶体板的带隙特性与减振机理研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对船体板结构的振动控制,提出了一种新型幂指数棱台局域共振型声子晶体构型。研究表明,该声子晶体兼具局域共振低频带隙和声学黑洞高频带隙,对高频激励和低频激励均有较好的减振效果。声子晶体其低频带隙因共振单元的局域共振效应产生,带隙频段为78~115 Hz。在声子晶体能带结构的高频段中发现了隐藏于平直带的U型频散曲线,且频散曲线间的频段可有效抑制板的垂向振动,即产生垂向高频振动带隙。高频带隙产生的机理是幂指数棱台斜面的能量聚集效应形成的局域共振。随着散射体高度增大,低频带隙的中心频率降低,且带宽增大。棱台的幂次升高会使高频带隙的起始频率与终止频率降低,而边缘厚度的增高会使高频带隙的带宽逐渐变窄。新型声子晶体相较传统声学黑洞构型可有效提高船体板结构强度,从而可实际应用于船舶结构工程领域。研究成果可为舰艇结构振动控制提供支撑。     

二维局域共振型声子晶体微腔结构的带隙特性研究

利用有限元法研究了含十字型所形成的二维局域共振型微腔声子晶体结构的声波带隙特性。同时计算了最低带隙带边对应模态的位移分布和结构的传输谱。研究结果表明,含微腔结构的声子晶体在较低频率域内出现了完全带隙且带隙边缘的起始频率低,然而对于无微腔结构的类四边形声子晶体板中,则无第二带隙出现,并且第一带隙频率宽度较窄。微腔结构是产生局域共振以及出现低频带隙的最主要的原因。该研究为声子晶体在低频减振和噪音控制的工程应用方面提供了有益的支持。     

一维杆状声子晶体的带隙特性

用有限元方法计算了一维杆状声子晶体的振动传输特性及其振动模态,从振形角度分析了一维杆状声子晶体相关参数(物理参数、尺寸参数)对带隙起始频率及带隙宽度的影响,发现带隙的形成与其模态振形密切相关,各参数对声子晶体带隙的影响主要是影响了个模态所在的频率,从而改变了其带隙的起始位置及宽度。     

基于COMSOL局域共振声子晶体薄板振动带隙研究

针对低频振动控制问题,研究一种局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙。首先,基于弹性波方程及Bloch 定理,探讨应用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算的可靠性;然后,模拟计算所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙,分析其带隙结构和元胞结构参数对振动带隙的影响,并以200 Hz～400 Hz 的中低频为目标频段,通过选择带隙宽度在目标频段内占比最大的参数组合作为声子晶体薄板的最优设计方案;最后,在频域上考察声子晶体薄板内波的传输特性。研究表明,利用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算是可靠的,与数值计算方法相比,其计算的带隙参数误差都很小;对于所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板,元胞的结构参数对振动带隙具有显著影响,通过优选元胞结构参数,可使声子晶体薄板的振动带隙向低频区域移动;薄板内波的传输特性和薄板的振动位移图进一步证实了在振动带隙内薄板对波传播的阻碍作用。     

The nature of the movement of a suspended piezoelectric oscillator along a string

A piezoelectric oscillator, suspended with an elastic rod on a string, moves along this string due to the simultaneous excitation of the longitudinal and transverse oscillations in a rod possessing a residual curvature. Devices comprising a piezoelectric oscillator and a beam waveguide have been created and studied. Such systems are prototypes of piezoelectric motors of a new type capable of performing reversible two-way motion.     

The dynamics of the electron in a homonuclear driven molecular ion

Abstract

The radiation diffused by a one-dimensional homonuclear molecular ion driven by a laser field is studied as a function of the time. When the photon energy is resonant with the energy gap between the ground and the first excited state, the electronic probability density is seen to undergo slow and deep oscillations between the two nuclei. Synchronous to such oscillations, deep modulations of the emitted power are observed. The period of oscillation is of the order of 10 optical cycles. Detection of the variation in the intensity of the emitted electromagnetic spectrum therefore brings information on the position of the electron in the molecule.     

Piezoelectric Accelerometer State Checking during Use

Methods are examined for checking out a piezoelectric accelerometer during use. A method is described for checking the conversion factor that employs a new method of exciting resonant oscillations.     

Finite element formulation of smart piezoelectric composite plates coupled with acoustic fluid

In the context of noise and vibration reduction by passive piezoelectric devices, this work presents the theoretical formulation and the finite element (FE) implementation of vibroacoustic problems with piezoelectric composite structures connected to electric shunt circuits. The originalities of this work concern (i) the formulation of the electro-mechanical-acoustic coupled system, (ii) the implementation of an accurate and inexpensive laminated composite plate FE with embedded piezoelectric layers connected to resonant shunt circuits, and (iii) the development of an efficient fluid-structure interface element. Various results are presented in order to validate and illustrate the performance of the proposed fully coupled numerical approach.     

基于压电效应的噪声控制研究进展

对噪声主动控制技术、杂交阻尼技术、压电分流阻尼技术及压电阻尼复合材料等方面的国内外研究概况进行了综述,通过现状分析,指出需要进一步发展成熟的流、固、声及电的多重耦合有限元分析方法;认为采用压电分流阻尼技术,以及与高分子阻尼材料及一些消声结构的结合,可以有效控制低频及宽频带噪声;压电阻尼复合材料的消声机制中,应该考虑微粒局域共振产生的消声作用,需进一步深入其基础理论。     

电磁辅助压电致动器设计开发与性能测试研究

传统的压电致动器,受限于压电致动的小行程,通常只能测量较小的范围。研发了一种电磁辅助压电致动器,同时具备电磁式致动器长行程与压电式致动器高分辨率的特点,该致动器包含可动件、导引槽、挠性件、电磁铁、压电元件以及控制电路。首先调整挠性可调预压装置并设定电磁铁电流,使得电磁致动力处于最大静摩擦力与动摩擦力之间;再利用压电组件所产生的微震动,控制可动件与导引槽之间的接触情况在静摩擦与动摩擦之间切换,从而完成长行程(10mm)且高分辨率(1.5μm)的往复运动。实验结果表明该致动器具备出色的定位能力。     

Electrically driven flexural resonant modes in symmetrically electroded X-cut and Z-cut quartz discs

While it is well known that flexural mechanical resonant modes can be electrically driven in specimens of quartz and other piezoelectric materials by the judicious choice of electrode patterns, specific experimental data, based on simultaneous interferometric observations of opposite surface points, are presented to show that symmetrically electroded X-cut and Z-cut quartz discs exhibit flexural resonant modes of quite large amplitudes. These resonances are not accompanied by detectable electrical disturbances in the AC-drive circuits. The existence of these modes is demonstrated for an X-cut quartz disc, and specific resonant modes of a Z-cut quartz disc are characterized in detail.     

Population dynamics of the modified theta model: macroscopic phase reduction and bifurcation analysis link microscopic neuronal interactions to macroscopic gamma oscillation

Gamma oscillations of the local field potential are organized by collective dynamics of numerous neurons and have many functional roles in cognition and/or attention. To mathematically and physiologically analyse relationships between individual inhibitory neurons and macroscopic oscillations, we derive a modification of the theta model, which possesses voltage-dependent dynamics with appropriate synaptic interactions. Bifurcation analysis of the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) enables us to consider how synaptic interactions organize collective oscillations. We also develop the adjoint method (infinitesimal phase resetting curve) for simultaneous equations consisting of ordinary differential equations representing synaptic dynamics and a partial differential equation for determining the probability distribution of the membrane potential. This method provides a macroscopic phase response function (PRF), which gives insights into how it is modulated by external perturbation or internal changes of parameters. We investigate the effects of synaptic time constants and shunting inhibition on these gamma oscillations. The sensitivity of rising and decaying time constants is analysed in the oscillatory parameter regions; we find that these sensitivities are not largely dependent on rate of synaptic coupling but, rather, on current and noise intensity. Analyses of shunting inhibition reveal that it can affect both promotion and elimination of gamma oscillations. When the macroscopic oscillation is far from the bifurcation, shunting promotes the gamma oscillations and the PRF becomes flatter as the reversal potential of the synapse increases, indicating the insensitivity of gamma oscillations to perturbations. By contrast, when the macroscopic oscillation is near the bifurcation, shunting eliminates gamma oscillations and a stable firing state appears. More interestingly, under appropriate balance of parameters, two branches of bifurcation are found in our analysis of the FPE. In this case, shunting inhibition can effect both promotion and elimination of the gamma oscillation depending only on the reversal potential.     

A theoretical and experimental study of waveguide coupled SAWresonator filters

The coupling-of-modes (COM) formalism is extended to include coupled transducers and applied to the modelling of surface acoustic wave (SAW) coupled resonator filters. The models do not require the derivation of equivalent circuits and they accommodate finger reflections, electromagnetic feedthrough and external matching circuits. Frequency responses for waveguide-coupled devices are computed and compared to experimental results. Longitudinal mode profiles within the resonant cavities are presented     

Vibration energy harvester with sustainable power based on a single-crystal piezoelectric cantilever array

We designed and fabricated a bimorph cantilever array for sustainable power with an integrated Cu proof mass to obtain additional power and current. We fabricated a cantilever system using single-crystal piezoelectric material and compared the calculations for single and arrayed cantilevers to those obtained experimentally. The vibration energy harvester had resonant frequencies of 60.4 and 63.2 Hz for short and open circuits, respectively. The damping ratio and quality factor of the cantilever device were 0.012 and 41.66, respectively. The resonant frequency at maximum average power was 60.8 Hz. The current and highest average power of the harvester array were found to be 0.728 mA and 1.61 mW, respectively. The sustainable maximum power was obtained after slightly shifting the short-circuit frequency. In order to improve the current and power using an array of cantilevers, we also performed energy conversion experiments.