基于改进的邻域嵌入算法的图像超分辨率研究

本文提出了一种基于改进的邻域嵌入算法的图像超分辨率重建方法,基本思路是同时利用低分辨率图像自身和外部训练集的信息指导高分辨率图像的重建.邻域嵌入算法往往要求训练图像库包含广泛的细节信息,重建质量取决于测试图像和训练图像的相似程度,当在图像库中找不到相似的训练图像块时,重建结果局部就会出现失真或模糊,而且在此过程中低分辨率测试图像本身所含的先验信息常被忽视.针对此类问题,本文引入图像的多尺度相似性,即不同尺度的图像所包含的局部结构相似,同时在寻找近邻图像块时采用双层寻找的方式,并将固定的邻域数目K改为设定固定阈值.实验结果表明,本算法不仅能够减小测试图像对训练图像集的依赖,而且能够克服重建过程中欠拟合和过拟合造成的失真,具有较快的运行速度.     

基于Dirac残差模块的单幅图像超分辨率重建

针对单幅图像超分辨率重建问题(SISR),提出了一种新的基于Dirac残差的超分辨率重建算法.算法使用全局跳跃重建层来直接利用输入LR图像的低频特征,通过多个dirac残差块来自适应学习输入LR图像的高频特征,通过亚像素卷积进行图像重建.算法通过权重参数化来改进残差层,同时使用输入图像的卷积特征与残差网络学习特征结合进行重建.实验采用Adam优化器进行网络训练.使用L1范数作为损失函数.在PSNR、SSIM和视觉效果与其他先进算法进行对比,实验结果表明,在常用测试集上与其他深度学习算法相比有较大提高.     

基于低秩约束和字典学习的图像超分辨率重建

基于学习的超分辨率重建算法通过对图像的整体信息学习进行重建,没有对图像的内部结构信息特征进行分解考虑.基于图像的低秩稀疏分解理论,本文提出一种新的图像超分辨率重建算法.在研究图像矩阵的低秩部分与稀疏部分信息特征的基础上,结合图像自身蕴含的先验信息,本文分两步对图像恢复重建.首先,将图像的非局部自相似性先验信息引入图像的基本重建模型.在该模型下利用相似图像块矩阵的天然低秩性约束得到初始估计高分辨率图像.第二步,提出一种改进的字典学习算法恢复出初始估计高分辨率图像中缺失的高频成份信息,获得最终的高分辨率图像.为了使高频成份得到更好的恢复,在字典学习样本集的构建阶段应用了一种基于低秩稀疏分解理论的样本集构建方法.实验分析表明,本文提出的算法与现有主流算法相比,在主观视觉效果和客观性能分析上都能显示出更好的优越性.     

基于流形学习和梯度约束的图像超分辨率重建

将改进的基于流形学习的超分辨率重建与基于梯度约束的正则化重建结合起来,提出一种新的单帧图像超分辨率重建算法.该算法首先针对基于流形学习的超分辨率重建,提出新的特征提取方法,联合归一化亮度与平稳小波变换细节子带系数两个特征矢量,提高重建性能;然后将学习得到的高分辨率图像作为初始估计,将其梯度作为目标梯度域,进行基于梯度约束的正则化重建,得到最终的高分辨率图像.与现有的一些算法相比,文中算法无论在视觉效果还是客观评价上都具有较好的重建性能.     

基于退化模型和邻域嵌套的彩色图像超分辨率自适应重建

为有效提升图像质量,提出一种基于图像退化模型和邻域嵌套的彩色图像超分辨率重建算法.通过退化模型在彩色空间上得出图像超分辨率重建训练集,并根据此训练集进行图像邻域分块.为了在训练过程中抑制噪声并锐化图像中的边缘信息,提取训练集亮度和梯度特征并进行特征融合.为了有效提升重建算法的自适应性,引入图像重建优化参数和边缘信息参数...     

挖掘理想重建图像自相似性的超分辨率

为了解决图像超分辨率过程中训练步骤对海量数据的过于依赖、先验泛化能力不强等问题,进一步提高重建图像的质量,提出了一种新的图像超分辨率算法.首先对图像自相似性理论进行扩展,指出理想重建图像自相似性表现极为强烈,而受降质因素干扰的重建图像自相似性则会明显减弱.本文将这一规律视为先验,通过构建联合高斯混合模型对其进行描述,这使得每个重建图像片的自相似性都能够用一个特定的高斯分布进行刻画,最后算法以迭代的方式分片重建整幅高分辨率图像.在为每个高分辨率图像片建模的过程中,为了使训练样本具有较强的一致性,仅使用输入图像中与其空间位置相近的图像片进行训练.该算法避开了易于引入误差的最近邻域查找步骤,且成本函数存在解析解.实验表明该算法重建图像清晰、自然,重建结果中的显著边缘和纹理结构都得到了有效保持,正确的高频信息得到了明显恢复.在将BSD500部分数据集放大3倍的实验中,本文算法的PSNR平均值高于MMPM算法0.529 db,SSIM平均值高于MMPM算法0.030.     

基于四元稀疏正则的彩色图像超分辨率重建

为了更好地保持重建彩色图像各通道信息的相关性,有效提高彩色重建图像边缘、色彩等细节信息的恢复质量,提出一种基于四元稀疏正则模型的彩色图像超分辨率重建算法.该算法利用四元数表示彩色图像的三个通道信息,并且采用L1/2正则项代替L1正则项构建基于四元稀疏正则约束的彩色图像超分辨率字典学习及模型重建.同时在训练重建字典对中,为了更好地表征图像特征信息,采用去均值方法构造高低分辨率训练样本集;为了得到与低分辨率重建字典更匹配的高分辨率重建字典,采用字典分离训练方法分别生成高低分辨率重建字典.实验结果表明:与现有的算法相比较,本文算法在重建图像的主观和客观评价指标方面均有改善.     

基于图像熵分块的压缩感知字典学习算法

针对传统字典学习算法预处理阶段未考虑图像内外部特征的问题,提出一种基于灰度梯度矩阵的图像熵字典学习算法.该算法通过灰度梯度矩阵计算图像块熵值,并对各图像块进行分类,每类数据组合成训练数据集,再利用基于系数矩阵的奇异值分解算法更新各类子字典.对测试图像的稀疏表示系数进行重建实验,仿真结果表明,该算法可高效训练出自适应稀疏字典,显著提高图像重建精度.      

基于深度学习和光场成像的火焰三维温度场重建算法

提出一种基于深度学习和光场成像的火焰三维温度场快速重建算法.该算法利用卷积神经网络对火焰光场图像进行深层特征提取,建立了光场图像与三维温度场之间的映射关系,从而实现火焰三维温度场的快速重建;利用视在光线法构建了火焰光场图像和三维温度场数据集,对卷积神经网络进行训练,利用测试集对训练结果进行了验证和评价,并将卷积神经网络算法与传统非负最小二乘(NNLS)算法的重建结果进行了对比.结果 表明,基于深度学习和光场成像的火焰三维温度场重建算法可准确重建火焰温度场,同时具有较高的计算效率(火焰的网格划分为10×8×15,NNLS算法的重建时间为4759 s,深度学习算法的重建时间为830 μs),平均相对误差为0.14％,且对于图像噪声具有良好的鲁棒性.     

边界保持的二值图像放大算法

采用传统的图像放大算法处理二值图像会产生明显的锯齿效应,从而影响图像视觉质量。对此提出一种基于形态学的二值图像放大算法。首先采用近邻采样法将图像放大到指定倍数,然后运用像素补偿法使图像边缘区域变得光滑。最后采用基于目标物像素占比约束的形态学腐蚀方法,解决图像边界外扩问题。实验结果表明,该算法用于对二值图像放大,不仅能有效消除锯齿效应,还有效保持了图像边缘的合理位置,使二值图像放大后的视觉质量得到明显提升。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with