卟啉基多孔材料研究进展

多孔材料因其潜在的气体存储、吸附、分离和催化等性质,一直以来是化学家、材料学家的研究热点方向之一。选择合适的有机前驱体是设计合成多孔材料的关键。本文对卟啉基多孔材料进行了简单的阐述,主要分金属有机框架、共价有机框架和多孔有机框架三个方向。在此基础上对该方向的前景进行了展望。     

纳米有机光电功能材料

本文简要综述了有机纳米光电功能材料的研究进展。详细讨论了有机纳米薄膜的制备方法、结构表征、性能研究及应用前景。     

晶体学在有机光电材料研究中的应用

基于有机分子的光、电、磁功能材料因其巨大的产业化前景,一直受到科技界的高度关注,已成为21世纪重要研究方向之一,也取得了一系列重大进展。有机光电功能材料的研究涉及物理、化学、材料、信息、电子乃至生物学等,是名副其实的交叉学科。在有机光电材料的研究中,一个重要的目标就是搞清材料结构与性能之间的关系,利用一系列先进的方法和工具,对材料的各级结构信息进行表征,找到材料特定性能与结构之间的内在联系,为材料的设计与改性提供必要的依据。晶体学作为一个已经诞生100年的方法,在这一进程中起到了关键的作用。从对材料作用机理的认识,到结构与功能关系的探讨,以及功能材料的定向设计,都需要晶体学知识和方法。结合作者课题组近年来在有机光电材料研究过程中一些比较有代表性的研究工作,阐述晶体学在探明材料的光电性能与结构之间的关系,特别是研究一些材料特殊性质的起源中不可或缺的作用。     

纳米有机光电功能材料

本文简要综述了有机纳米光电功能材料的研究进展。详细讨论了有机纳米薄膜的制备方法、结构表征、性能研究及应用前景。     

9,9′-联芴烯衍生物在有机光伏电池中的应用

由于具有独特的14π电子芳香结构和扭曲的非平面构型,9,9′-联芴烯衍生物成为近年来被广泛研究的一类新型有机光伏材料。9,9′-联芴烯衍生物含有两个刚性平面内的联苯单元,因此具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性;且其具有优良的光电特性,很容易接受电子,从而提升自身的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)能级,使得其有机光伏器件的开路电压增大。此外,9,9′-联芴烯有12个不同的取代位,与富勒烯衍生物相比,其结构更具灵活性。但是,该类化合物的电子迁移率较低,使得其光伏电池的光电转化效率过低。如何通过提高该类材料的电子迁移率、拓展其光谱吸收范围和吸收强度来提高光伏器件的光电转换效率,受到越来越多的关注和研究。阐述了近年来联芴烯衍生物在有机光伏电池中的研究进展,并对其结构、性能进行了简要的分析。最后,对联芴烯类材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

电致发光类湿法小分子材料研究进展

经过20年的发展,真空蒸镀和溶液法制备有机发光二极管的方法已经取得了巨大的进步。相对于依赖真空蒸镀成膜的有机小分子材料,可溶液法加工的小分子材料能够降低器件制作成本,适合于制作大面积光电器件。同时,小分子材料可以较为明确的给出分子结构与光电性能的构效关系,因此湿法成膜制备的小分子OLEDs越来越受到人们关注。综述了近期可湿法成膜的小分子材料设计理念、合成方法以及具体应用,讨论了实现全湿法小分子OLEDs所面临的挑战以及解决方法。     

机能分离型有机光电导体及其进展

介绍了机能分离型有机光电导体的感光版结构、光电导的基本原理及制作方法，并对载流子产生材料和载流子传输材料及其发展趋势进行了讨论．     

半导体信息功能材料与器件的研究新进展

首先简要地介绍了作为现代信息社会基础的半导体材料和器件极其重要的地位,进而同顾了近年来半导体光电信息功能材料,包括半导体微电子、光电子材料,宽带隙半导体材料,自旋电子材料和有机光电子材料等的研究进展,最后对半导体信息功能材料的发展趋势做了评述.     

卟啉基共价有机框架材料的电化学应用探究

共价有机框架材料(COFs)是一类新型的结晶多孔聚合物,具有孔隙高、活性位点丰富、框架结构可调等特点,广泛应用于催化、储能、气体吸附及光电子等领域。其中卟啉基COFs因具有独特的共轭π电子结构,可促进激发态电子的传输,因此在电催化领域有重要的应用。主要介绍了卟啉基COFs的合成策略及其在析氢反应(HER)、析氧反应(OER)、氧还原反应(ORR)和超级电容器的应用,并结合目前研究中存在的问题,提出了卟啉基COFs今后在电催化及储能领域的挑战和发展方向。     

苝四羧酸类有机光电材料研究进展

近年来，苝四羧酸类衍生物曾被广泛研究以应用于有机光电材料。本文中就四羧酸类衍生物的光电性质、光致电子转移过程和作为光电分子器件的研究等方面进行了评述。     

Control of Molecular Orientation in Organic Semiconductor Films using Weak Hydrogen Bonds

Use of the intrinsic optoelectronic functions of organic semiconductor films has not yet reached its full potential, mainly because of the primitive methodology used to control the molecular aggregation state in amorphous films during vapor deposition. Here, a universal molecular engineering methodology is presented to control molecular orientation; this methodology strategically uses noncovalent, intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds in a series of oligopyridine derivatives. A key is to use two bipyridin‐3‐ylphenyl moieties, which form self‐complementary intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds, and which do not induce unfavorable crystallization. Another key is to incorporate a planar anisotropic molecular shape by reducing the steric hindrance of the core structure for inducing π–π interactions. These synergetic effects enhance horizontal orientation in amorphous organic semiconductor films and significantly increasing electron mobility. Through this evaluation process, an oligopyridine derivative is selected as an electron‐transporter, and successfully develops highly efficient and stable deep‐red organic light‐emitting devices as a proof‐of‐concept.     

Stretchable Organic Semiconductor Devices

Stretchable electronics are essential for the development of intensely packed collapsible and portable electronics, wearable electronics, epidermal and bioimplanted electronics, 3D surface compliable devices, bionics, prosthesis, and robotics. However, most stretchable devices are currently based on inorganic electronics, whose high cost of fabrication and limited processing area make it difficult to produce inexpensive, large‐area devices. Therefore, organic stretchable electronics are highly attractive due to many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as their light weight, flexibility, low cost and large‐area solution‐processing, the reproducible semiconductor resources, and the easy tuning of their properties via molecular tailoring. Among them, stretchable organic semiconductor devices have become a hot and fast‐growing research field, in which great advances have been made in recent years. These fantastic advances are summarized here, focusing on stretchable organic field‐effect transistors, light‐emitting devices, solar cells, and memory devices.     

8-羟基喹啉类配体及其配合物应用研究

8-羟基喹啉类配体及其配合物在分析化学中有着广泛的应用,用作电致发光材料是近年来较热门的研究课题.以8-羟基喹啉为核心,较详细地评述了近10年来8-羟基喹啉类有机分析试剂在光度分析中应用的最新进展及研究现状,较全面地概述了8-羟基喹啉类发光材料的最新研究进展及在有机电致发光器件中的应用.     

Organic Photovoltaics over Three Decades

The development of organic semiconductors for photovoltaic devices, over the last three decades, has led to unexpected performance for an alternative choice of materials to convert sunlight to electricity. New materials and developed concepts have improved the photovoltage in organic photovoltaic devices, where records are now found above 13% power conversion efficiency in sunlight. The author has stayed with the topic of organic materials for energy conversion and energy storage during these three decades, and makes use of the Hall of Fame now built by Advanced Materials, to present his view of the path travelled over this time, including motivations, personalities, and ambitions.     

Transferable Organic Semiconductor Nanosheets for Application in Electronic Devices

A method has been developed to stabilize and transfer nanofilms of functional organic semiconductors. The method is based on crosslinking of their topmost layers by low energy electron irradiation. The films can then be detached from their original substrates and subsequently deposited onto new solid or holey substrates retaining their structural integrity. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray specular reflectivity, and UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the electron irradiation of ≈50 nm thick pentacene films results in crosslinking of their only topmost ≈5 nm (3–4 monolayers), whereas the deeper pentacene layers preserve their pristine crystallinity. The electronic performance of the transferred pentacene nanosheets in bottom contact field‐effect devices is studied and it is found that they are fully functional and demonstrate superior charge injection properties in comparison to the pentacene films directly grown on the contact structures by vapor deposition. The new approach paves the way to integration of the organic semiconductor nanofilms on substrates unfavorable for their direct growth as well as to their implementation in hybrid devices with unusual geometries, e.g., in devices incorporating free‐standing sheets.     

生物基呋喃衍生物在有机涂层中的应用

随着环境保护意识的增强,减少石油基材料的使用成为社会的共识,生物基呋喃类衍生物因其独特的性质引起了研究人员的极大兴趣,其在生物基涂层、自修复涂层和光固化涂层等领域有着极大的使用潜力,但在我国尚未有成熟的研究。基于此,本文对其在生物基涂层、自修复涂层和其他涂层的应用等方面进行了总结,介绍和分析了国内外呋喃类衍生物在有机涂层方面的最近研究成果,并指出目前呋喃类衍生物的大规模应用所存在的困难:生产成本的居高不下。最后对呋喃衍生物的其他应用,如呋喃甲基缩水甘油醚作为环氧涂层的活性稀释剂取代商业化的石油基活性稀释剂以及利用呋喃环的大π键非共价改性石墨烯再制备石墨烯/有机涂层复合材料等进行了分析和展望。     

Scalable Fabrication of Highly Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Thin Film by Channel‐Restricted Screen Printing toward the Low‐Cost Fabrication of High‐Performance Transistor Arrays

Control over the morphology and crystallinity of small‐molecule organic semiconductor (OSC) films is of key importance to enable high‐performance organic optoelectronic devices. However, such control remains particularly challenging for solution‐processed OSC devices because of the complex crystallization kinetics of small‐molecule OSC materials in the dynamic flow of inks. Here, a simple yet effective channel‐restricted screen‐printing method is reported, which uses small‐molecule OSCs/insulating polymer to yield large‐grained small‐molecule OSC thin‐film arrays with good crystallization and preferred orientation. The use of cross‐linked organic polymer banks produces a confinement effect to trigger the outward convective flow at two sides of the channel by the fast solvent evaporation, which imparts the transport of small‐molecule OSC solutes and promotes the growth of small‐molecule OSC crystals parallel to the channel. The small‐molecule OSC thin‐film array produced by screen printing exhibits excellent performance characteristics with an average mobility of 7.94 cm² V^?1 s^?1 and a maximum mobility of 12.10 cm² V^?1 s^?1, which are on par with its single crystal. Finally, screen printing can be carried out using a flexible substrate, with good performance. These demonstrations bring this robust screen‐printing method closer to industrial application and expand its applicability to various flexible electronics.     

Phenothiazine‐Based Organic Catholyte for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Redox‐active organic materials have been considered as one of the most promising “green” candidates for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to the natural abundance, structural diversity, and high tailorability. However, many reported organic molecules are employed in the anode, and molecules with highly reversible capacity for the cathode are limited. Here, a class of heteroaromatic phenothiazine derivatives is reported as promising positive materials for aqueous RFBs. Among these derivatives, methylene blue (MB) possesses high reversibility with extremely fast redox kinetics (electron‐transfer rate constant of 0.32 cm s^?1), excellent stability in both neutral and reduced states, and high solubility in an acetic‐acid–water solvent, leading to a high reversible capacity of ≈71 Ah L^?1. Symmetric RFBs based on MB electrolyte demonstrate remarkable stability with no capacity decay over 1200 cycles. Even concentrated MB catholyte (1.5 m ) is still able to deliver stable capacity over hundreds of cycles in a full cell system. The impressive cell performance validates the practicability of MB for large‐scale electrical energy storage.