基于灰色关联理论的水印透明性评价算法

针对人眼评价水印透明性时易于疲劳,评价结果有时不唯一,以及无法感知微小差别的问题,提出了一种水印透明性的评价算法。该算法首先计算原始图像和各承载图像间的差异图像;然后,对差异图像的象素值分布特征进行统计,形成各个比较序列,同时分析理想的差异图像象素值分布特征,形成参考序列;最后,通过两类序列间的灰色关联度对水印透明性做出客观、定量的评价。实验表明,该算法的评判结果与HVS判断结果相符,可用来评价水印透明度。     

一种基于小波变换的图像盲水印算法

提出一种基于小波变换的图像盲水印算法。在对原始图像进行二级小波变换后的低频子带上通过一定的策略选择感知重要系数作为水印的嵌入区域,并将水印重复嵌入到低频子带中以提高水印检测的正确率。通过对嵌入水印的图像进行加噪、压缩以及裁剪等实验,均能正确检测出水印,且水印透明性好,表明该算法具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于人眼视觉系统的自适应量化数字水印算法研究

提出了一种将彩色水印图像嵌入到原始彩色功载体图像中的新算法。首先，利用DCT静态图像压缩技术，将彩色水印图像编码成一维二进制序列并进行随机置乱；然后将原始彩色载体图像分解为R、G、B三个彩色分量并分别实施小波变换，进而结合视觉感知特性自适应确定水印嵌入位置；最后结合人眼视觉系统（掩蔽特性及对颜色的感知特性）确定量化间隔，并通过全新的量化处理过程完成水印信息的白适应嵌入，仿真实验表明：该数字水印嵌入方案不仅具有较好的透明性，而且对诸如叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、平滑滤波、几何剪切、图像增强、马赛克效果等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性．     

自嵌入全盲鲁棒水印量化算法

为了提高图像水印的实用性,提出了一种自嵌入全盲鲁棒水印算法。首先,对原始图像进行DWT,将小波低频子带分成互不重叠的子块,对每个子块进行DCT,通过比较各个子块的直流系数与所有子块直流系数的均值之间的大小关系来产生特征水印序列,利用分段Logistic混沌序列对特征水印进行加密;然后,将加密后的特征水印序列通过奇偶量化规则自嵌入到原始图像小波低频子带每个子块的DCT低频系数中;最后,进行IDCT合成和IDWT产生含水印图像。该算法通过结合自嵌入加密的特征水印序列和盲提取认证水印序列达到全盲检测。实验结果表明,该算法对抵抗添加噪声、JPEG压缩及高斯低通滤波等常见的图像处理攻击均具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于模糊聚类的小波域数字图像水印算法*

结合人眼视觉系统的感知特性与图像的局部相关特性,提出了一种基于模糊聚类的小波域数字图像水印嵌入方案.该方案首先对原始载体图像实施小波变换;然后结合视觉感知特性,在小波域内进行模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类分析,自适应确定出数字水印的嵌入位置与嵌入强度;最后利用图像自身的局部相关性,通过修改小波系数值,将数字水印嵌入到宿主图像内.该方案在提取数字水印信息时,不需要原始载体图像.实验结果表明,该自适应小波域图像水印嵌入技术不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对诸如叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、平滑滤波、几何剪切、图像增强、马赛克效果等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于混沌和DWT的水印算法

针对数字图像DWT系数的分布特点,分别对在不同频段系数中嵌入和提取水印进行了研究与实验.选用了有意义的灰度图像作为水印,采用基于混沌序列的加密方法对水印进行处理,在水印嵌入域上,选择了具有与人眼视觉特性十分相符的离散小波变换,通过将原始图像进行多级小波分解,在中间某一级或几级的小波系数中嵌入水印信息,从而加大了水印嵌入的灵活性.实验结果表明,在DWT低频域嵌入水印,对算法的透明性影响较大;在中高频域嵌入水印,对透明性的影响相对小一些,并且可加入的水印容量相对较大,但对低通类图像处理鲁棒性较弱.因此可以将各种方案相互融合、相互补充以均衡抵抗各种不同类别的攻击,并根据实际需求进行方案的选择.     

基于小波变换的数字水印及Matlab实现

数字水印技术作为一门有效的多媒体版权保护技术受到越来越多的关注.提出了一种基于小波变换的图像数字水印算法.依据人眼视觉特性,将数字水印信息嵌入到经过小波变换后的图像的高频子带纹理区内,人眼不易察觉,再利用含水印图像和原始图像提取出嵌入的水印.采用多幅图进行实验,结果表明,该数字水印算法具有较好的隐蔽性,而且对常见的图像处理操作攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于SVD和小波包分解的自适应鲁棒水印算法

针对当前水印鲁棒性和透明性矛盾的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值变换(SVD)和小波包分解的自适应鲁棒水印算法,对二值水印图像进行Arnold置乱预处理,以增强水印信息的安全性。在水印嵌入过程中,将原始宿主图像分为8×8子图像块,并对每一子块进行小波包分解。根据人眼视觉特性和图像块自身的亮度以及纹理特征确定最佳量化步长,将水印信息通过量化调制的方法自适应地嵌入至相应高低频区域的奇异值中。实验结果表明,该算法在具有良好透明性的同时,对JPEG压缩、加噪、滤波、几何攻击等常见的攻击方式也有着较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于小波变换的水印嵌入算法

在充分考虑人眼视觉系统的基础上,提出一种基于小波变换的水印嵌入算法,首先在嵌入水印时,将宿主图像作适当层次的二维小波分解,分解出高频边缘等细节信息,然后对以低频信息为主的小波逼近子图再作二维DCT,将水印信息嵌入到DCT的低频和中频系数中.考虑到灰度水印嵌入的水印信息量大,除了在小波逼近子图嵌入数据外,通过合理设计强度因子,在高频带也嵌入部分数据.在基本不影响水印透明性的情况下最大化嵌入水印的强度和信息量.实验结果表明,应用本算法对常见的图像处理和噪声干扰具有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种小波域数字水印算法及其MATLAB仿真

该文提出了一种基于DWT域有意义二值图像数字水印的新算法。首先,利用Arnold变换对水印序列进行置乱,增强嵌入水印的安全性;再分别对原始图像和置乱后的水印进行离散小波变换,最后,在原始图像的中频子带图像中进行水印小波域的融合。试验结果表明,该算法嵌入的水印具有比较好的透明性和鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.