基于内点法实现关节式坐标测量机参数标定

提出一种基于内点法的关节式坐标测量机参数自标定方法。首先,基于D-H方法,建立关节式坐标测量机的运动学模型,在此基础上建立参数误差模型。利用自制标定块,采用多位姿测量多点的方法获得标定用数据,从而使该标定方法能够在现场应用;以测量机的长度测量精度为基础建立目标函数,利用内点法进行参数辨识,该算法对迭代初值无要求,可有效提高参数标定成功率。通过标定实验得到坐标测量机的运动学参数,验证了该方法的可行性。经过标定后,关节式坐标测量机的单点重复性精度和长度测量精度分别提高了93.65倍和100.13倍。     

柔性坐标测量机空间误差模型研究

为了进一步提高柔性坐标测量机的测量精度,针对基于D-H方法的误差模型设计缺陷,提出基于泛函网络的空间误差模型设计方法。在介绍目前国内外常用D-H测量模型和误差模型的基础上,详细给出柔性坐标测量机泛函网络拓扑结构的设计过程,讨论基函数的选择问题,研究泛函网络的逼近算法,并通过800mm标准量块进行标定试验。精度测试结果表明,基于泛函网络方法建立的误差模型所得出的800mm量块长度测量误差远远低于基于D-H方法建立的误差模型测量误差,从而验证误差模型及逼近算法的有效性。     

基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿

运动学标定是提高关节臂式坐标测量机精度的主要方法，但运动学标定后的残余误差对其测量精度和稳定性仍有很大影响。本文提出一种基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿方法，以提高关节臂式坐标测量机的测量精度。首先，在关节臂式坐标测量机运动学建模和误差建模的基础上，建立了运动学参数辨识模型，并依次进行角度参数辨识、长度参数辨识和长度参数等比例缩放的复合辨识，完成了七自由度关节臂式坐标测量机的运动学标定。其次，通过对标定后残余误差图谱的分析，发现残余误差与测量构型有关联，进而构建了以测量摆角、仰角、距离和转角为变量的测量构型。由于测量构型变量与残余误差存在强非线性关系，提出一种基于极限学习机的残余误差预测和补偿方法。通过实验对本文所提模型及方法的有效性进行验证，结果表明：进行残差修正后关节臂式坐标测量机的单点测量误差最大值由0.061 mm下降到0.044 mm，误差均值由0.023 mm下降到0.017 mm，误差标准差由0.011mm下降到0.007 mm；长度测量误差最大值由0.137 mm下降到0.074 mm，误差均值由0.033 mm下降到0.021 mm、误差标准...     

基于RBF神经网络的关节转角误差补偿

关节转角误差对关节臂式坐标测量机的精度有非常重要的影响,影响关节转角误差的因素众多,难以用准确的数学模型来描述,为此提出一种采用三坐标测量机标定关节转角误差、基于径向基函数(Radial basis function,RBF)神经网络进行关节转角误差补偿的方法。应用该方法对关节臂式坐标测量机6个关节的转角误差进行离散标定,标定数据训练各关节的RBF神经网络,使用经过训练的RBF神经网络分别对6个关节进行转角误差补偿。试验结果表明经过补偿后关节转角精度提高了约两个数量级,基于RBF神经网络的补偿效果优于正弦函数补偿模型,且其适用范围更广,具有很强的工程应用价值。     

平行双关节坐标测量机的标定及不确定度评价

借鉴国外ScanMax测量机所具有的优势,研发了RRP结构(即两个转动和一个直线运动)的平行双关节坐标测量机,并研究了该仪器的误差模型、标定方法和不确定度评定方法。首先,根据平行双关节坐标测量机的机械结构建立了仪器的数学模型和误差模型。然后,基于全误差分析技术设计了仪器的标定方案并分别介绍了对重力和扭矩变形、平行度、臂长、零位等参数的标定。最后,根据国家坐标测量机校准规范,提出了通过评价测量重复性和长度测量精度的方法来评定测量不确定度。实验结果表明:在1 000mm×250mm(直径×高度)的测量范围内,平行双关节坐标测量机的测量不确定度可达到12μm(k=2)。得到的结果验证了平行双关节坐标测量技术及全误差分析技术的可行性,为非正交坐标测量机的标定探索了新的方法。     

用蚁群算法求解关节式坐标测量机的最佳测量区

本文提出了一种求解最佳测量区的方法,以进一步提高关节式坐标测量机的测量精度。首先,根据关节式坐标测量机的测量模型,建立了基于圆编码器测角误差的关节式坐标测量机误差模型。利用蒙特卡洛理论得到6个关节转角的随机数,采用数值法仿真分析测量机的测量空间。然后将包含测量空间的一立方体区域等间隔切割成343个小立方体区域,采用蚁群算法确定每个小区域由于圆编码器误差所引起的最大测量误差。最后,通过比较找到其中最大测量误差最小的区域,即为最佳测量区。研究结果表明,对于所研究的关节式坐标测量机,各个小区域的最大误差为0.069 9~0.189 6mm,其中最小值为0.069 9mm的区域为-100mm≤x≤100mm,-100mm≤y≤100mm,400mm≤z≤600mm。采用本文方法确定的最佳测量区在测量空间内为一个立方体区域,故在最佳测量区进行较高精度的测量具有实用性和可操作性。     

关节臂式坐标测量机的数学模型和参数简化

首先基于Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立了关节臂式柔性三坐标测量机的理想数学模型和误差模型,然后建立复合球坐标系,简化了误差模型,为进一步研究关节臂式坐标测量机的标定和误差补偿奠定了理论基础。     

多关节坐标测量机的误差模型

按Denavit-Hartenberg方法,建立了多关节坐标测量机末端测头中心相对于机座参考坐标系的测量运动的数学模型。在此基础上,运用矩阵函数的全微分方法,建立起末端测头中心坐标误差与测量运动模型参数误差之间的传递关系。为进一步研究多关节坐标测量机的标定和补偿奠定了理论基础。     

关节式坐标测量机初始位姿对误差影响研究

采用Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立了关节式坐标测量机的数学模型,分析了影响关节式坐标测量机的误差源,并对第一关节的误差分布进行了仿真。通过关节式坐标测量机的第一关节在不同初始位姿下对被测工件进行测量与真值进行比较,分析在不同初始位姿下所测得结果的不同,得到了其第一关节的误差分布。实验表明关节式坐标测量机在采用相对角度编码器时,第一关节选择最佳初始位姿,可以有效地提高测量精度,减小误差。     

六自由度关节式坐标测量机关节零位偏差的标定算法

关节式坐标测量机的关节零位偏差是由装配工艺误差引起的,对测头末端的空间位姿误差影响极大。本文在建立六自由度关节式坐标测量机数学模型的基础上,应用全微分、最小二乘法和迭代算法等数学方法,建立了关节零位偏差的线性标定算法,并通过计算机仿真计算验证了该标定算法的正确性     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.