Y-1型计测板对红细胞微量压积测量效果的初步评价

Ｙ－１型计测板对红细胞微量压积测量效果的初步评价袁光孚，保菊英，王冀湘，耿广献西宁市一医院ＥＶＡＬＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＣＡＬＣＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＰＬＡＴＥＭＯＤＥＬＹ－ＩＦＯＲＴＨＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＭＩＣＲＯ－ＨＥＭＡＴＯＣＲＩＴ．￥ＹｕａｎＧｕ...     

小儿急性白血病患者血浆纤维结合蛋白测定的临床意义

小儿急性白血病患者血浆纤维结合蛋白测定的临床意义张宝玺，郭稳捷河北医学院附属二院儿科ＴＨＥＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＰＬＡＳＭＡＦＩＢＲＯＮＥＣＴＩＯＮＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＤＨＯＯＤＡＣＵＴＥＬＥＵＫＥＭＩＡ￥ＺｈａｎｇＢａ...     

小儿白血病形态学、免疫学分型研究

小儿白血病形态学、免疫学分型研究程岩，田根全，袁文菊，杨小红青海省儿童医院ＴＨＥＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＦＭＯＲＰＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＮＤＩＭＭＵＮＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＰＥＤＩＡＴＲＩＣＬＥＵＫＥＭＩＡ￥ＹａｎＣｈｅｎｇｅｔａ...     

小儿恶性组织细胞增生症血象及骨髓象分析

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小儿特发性血小板减少性紫瘢T细胞亚群的观察

小儿特发性血小板减少性紫瘢Ｔ细胞亚群的观察田根全，袁文菊，程岩青海省儿童医院ＴＨＥＴ－ＣＥＬＬＳＵＢ－ＧＲＯＵＰＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＩＤＩＯＰＡＴＨＩＣＴＨＲＯＭＢＯＣＹＴＯＰＥＮＩＣＰＵＲＰＵＲＡ（ＩＴＰ）ＩＮＰＥＤＩＡＴＲＩＣＰＡＴＩＥＮＴ...     

血管内溶血性贫血多指标联合诊断优化方案的探讨

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小儿血液病骨髓活检的临床意义

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蚕豆病复发因素的探讨(附257例随访病例报告)

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不同日龄、不同病情新生儿血小板数量的观察

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Spontaneous platelet aggregation in Kawasaki disease using the particle counting method

BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation is generally measured by the optical density method. This method is not very sensitive in detecting platelet activation because of the poor correlation between the formation of platelet aggregates and light transmission, and inability to detect small platelet aggregates. Recently, a new method was developed that detects small platelet aggregates formed in the early phase of platelet aggregation by means of a particle counting technique using light scattering. METHODS: The present study used the particle counting method to measure spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) produced by agitation with a stirrer bar without agonists in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and children's thrombotic disease, and compared the results with the conventional optical density method. RESULTS: Using the particle counting method, significantly higher SPA rates were found before treatment than in healthy adults and at the other stages of treatment. A similar tendency was noted with the optical density method; however, the positive rate of SPA was significantly higher with the particle counting method in each stage except the second stage, which was the period from the start of gamma-globulin therapy to 20 days. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that enhanced platelet aggregation is noted at a high frequency before treatment of KD and that the particle counting method is superior to the optical density method in detecting enhanced platelet aggregation.     

激素耐药型和激素依赖型肾病患儿肾脏病理计量分析

目的 探讨病理计量分析评价激素耐药型（SR）和激素依赖型（SD）肾病综合征患儿的肾脏病理损害及其临床应用意义。方法 采用自行研制的评分法,对73例SR型和SD型肾病患儿的肾脏病理从病理类型、肾小球病变、小管间质病变、肾脏总的病理损害4个方面计量分析,并以血尿素氮为应变量,临床表现和肾脏病理计分为自变量进行逐步回归分析。结果 （1）病理类型评分结果：微小病变、局灶节段肾小球硬化、膜性肾病、系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎和系膜增生性肾小球肾炎五组间的年龄、病程、复发次数、血尿素氮、胆固醇、白蛋白、尿蛋白定量、肾脏总的病理损害的差异均无显著意义,而五组患儿的肾小球病变计分分别为1,5,5,6,5,微小病变组与其他各组比较差异有显著意义（H＝19．278,P＜0．01）。（2）73例患儿肾小球病变计分结果：正常2例（3％）,轻度53例（73％）,中度17例（23％）,重度1例（1％）。且正常、轻度、中度三组间血尿素氮、小管间质病变的差异有显著意义（H＝8．40,P,0．01;H＝11．56,P＜0．05）。（3）肾小管间质病变计分结果：轻度23例（34％）,中度37例（18％）,且轻、中、重三组间病程、复发次数、血尿素氮、肾小球病变计分的差异均有显著意义。（H值分别为25．016,38．775,14．944,10．625,P值均＜0．01）。（4）肾脏损害的总分结果：轻度33例（45％）,中度34例（7％）,重度6例（8％）,轻、中、重三组间病程、复发次数、血尿素氮的差异有显著意义（H值分别为19．42,14．335,18．923,P值均＜0．01）。（5）以血尿素氮为应变量行逐步回归分析,小管间质及肾小球损害对血尿素氮均有显著影响,小管间质病变的回归系数为0．862（P＜0．01）;肾小球病变的回归系数为0．212（P＜0．05）。结论 采用评分法对肾脏病理进行主分评价其病变程度,具有临床实用性,尤其对小管间质病变的计分评价对判断肾功能受损更有价值。     

Electronic platelet counting with capillary blood samples—Experiences in a paediatric clinic

For several reasons, electronic platelet counts have not been generally adopted in paediatric routine laboratories. A method of platelet counting in capillary blood samples using an electronic counter is described. This is based on brief centrifugation of the blood sample after the addition of a diluent containing heparin/dextran and with a density of 1.050. The thrombocytes are uniformly suspended in the supernatant after 5 min of centrifugation at 250 g, so that the counting procedure in the electric unit can follow immediately. This simplified, dependable and reproducible method is also suitable for venous blood, and as a result of several years of successful trial, it can be recommended for routine use, especially in clinics with paediatric patients.     

Platelet aggregation in term and preterm newborns

The platelets of newborns have a hyporeactive period. This period, during which the platelet count is normal but their functions are deficient, is called transient platelet hyporeactivity of newborns. The platelet functions and their normalizing process of term and preterm neonates are investigated. Twenty term and 20 preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) newborns were enrolled in the study. Twenty-eight healthy children aged 2 months to 3 years old participated in the study as the control group. Healthy newborns were followed for 15 days after birth longitudinally in 3 periods: period 1 (0-4 days), period 2 (5-9 days), period 3 (10-15 days). Aggregation studies were performed from whole blood samples. Whole blood aggregation was measured by the impedance method. Transient hyporeactivity of platelets was found in term and preterm groups, and there was no difference between term and preterms. Platelets of newborns gained their normal functions at postnatal 10-14 days. The results show that hyporeactivity of platelets during the first 9 days of life is physiological and transient.     

PLATELET AGGREGATION IN TERM AND PRETERM NEWBORNS

The platelets of newborns have a hyporeactive period. This period, during which the platelet count is normal but their functions are deficient, is called transient platelet hyporeactivity of newborns. The platelet functions and their normalizing process of term and preterm neonates are investigated. Twenty term and 20 preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) newborns were enrolled in the study. Twenty-eight healthy children aged 2 months to 3 years old participated in the study as the control group. Healthy newborns were followed for 15 days after birth longitudinally in 3 periods: period 1 (0–4 days), period 2 (5–9 days), period 3 (10–15 days). Aggregation studies were performed from whole blood samples. Whole blood aggregation was measured by the impedance method. Transient hyporeactivity of platelets was found in term and preterm groups, and there was no difference between term and preterms. Platelets of newborns gained their normal functions at postnatal 10–14 days. The results show that hyporeactivity of platelets during the first 9 days of life is physiological and transient.     

Effect of antidiuretic hormone and dibutyryl cAMP upon the urinary concentrating capacity in neonatal piglets

In 18-one-day-old anesthetized piglets, the effects of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) with and without administration of dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (DBcAMP) upon the urinary concentrating system were studied. Supramaximal doses of 20 microgram DDAVP per kg body weight did not affect fractional water and fractional urea excretion, urinary flow rate, and relative urinary osmolarity. The same dose combined with DBcAMP (0.2 mg/kg body weight per min) changed these parameters significantly. This increase in the responsiveness of the urinary concentrating system to DDAVP by DBcAMP was paralleled by a significant increase in urinary and plasma cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate concentration and a tremendous increase in the medullary cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content (2.5 X 10(5) pmoles/g medulla) as compared to the controls (6.4 X 10(2) pmoles/g medulla) and the animals which received DDAVP without DBcAMP (8.0 X 10(2) pmoles/g medulla). To exclude the possibility that the increased medullary cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production might be caused by degradation of the dibutyryl derivative, in vitro studies with [3H]DBcAMP were performed. Incubation of labeled DBcAMP with a renal medulla homogenate of a 1-day-old piglet for 30, 60, and 90 min did not decrease the amount of [3H]DBcAMP.     

尿素与甲基强的松龙联合介入治疗颌面部重症血管瘤伴血小板减少

目的 探讨婴幼儿颌面部重症血管瘤伴血小板减少的治疗方法 .方法 收集分析2001至2006年我科收治的 35 例颌面部重症血管瘤伴血小板减少患儿的临床表现及治疗经过,年龄最小10 d,最大5个月,平均31 d,血小板明显减低,在76×109/L以下,最低至6.2×109/L,采用颈外动脉结扎置管、40%尿素溶液与甲基强的松龙针剂联合介入治疗的方法 .平均随访1年8个月.结果 35 例患儿中,血小板计数3～7 d恢复到正常的 30 例,8～11 d 5例;血管瘤瘤体逐渐缩小,6～12个月消失 28 例,13～23个月 7 例.其中 3 例出现病情反复.结论 颈外动脉结扎置管、尿素与甲基强的松龙联合介入治疗婴幼儿颌面部重症血管瘤伴血小板减少,疗效确切,创伤小,副作用少.本疗法操作简便,不需要特殊设备,易于推广,是一种较为理想的治疗小儿颌面部重症血管瘤伴血小板减少的方法 .     

Counting respiratory rate in infants under 2 months: comparison between observation and auscultation

The World Health Organization's global programme for the control of acute respiratory infections relies on counting respiratory rate (RR) by observing abdominal and chest movements in order to diagnose pneumonia. However, few studies on the reliability of the observation method have been published. We counted RR simultaneously by observation and auscultation in 100 healthy infants at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age for 15, 30 and 60 sec, and compared RRs obtained by the two methods. In all the age groups studied, the co-efficients of variation for the RRs recorded by observation or auscultation were similar. The mean RR by observation was higher by 1-3 breaths/min than mean RR by auscultation (p < 0.001). The 95% confidence interval (+/-2 SD) for the difference between RR by the two methods ranged from +5 to -8 breaths/min for RR counted for 1 full minute. Our data support the assumption that observation is as reliable as auscultation for counting RR.     

When choosing injectable penicillin for the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, there is a less painful choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether injection of patients with Bicillin CR is less painful than injection with Bicillin LA. To discover if Bicillin CR with the addition of procaine, which doubles the volume, causes the injection to be less painful. DESIGN: An experimental, double-blinded crossover design was used for this study. SETTING: University children's and women's tertiary care emergency Department (ED) with an annual pediatric census of 22,000. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample was enrolled from the student body of a large university and house staff, and employees of a 152 bed children's and women's hospital in southern Alabama. The sample size was limited to 50 participants, all of whom completed the study. METHODS: Each participant received two penicillin injections, one Bicillin CR and one Bicillin LA, and rated the pain of the injection immediately after the injection, 1 hour after the injection and 12 hours after the injection. A visual analogue scale was the tool used for measuring the pain. The penicillin injections were randomized using a random number generator. RESULTS: For each of the three periods, comparisons of pain were made between the Bicillin CR versus Bicillin LA injections. Bicillin LA pain score values were consistently higher for all but the 12-hour comparison. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.008-0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Injection of Bicillin CR with the addition of procaine to the benzathine penicillin G is statistically significantly less painful than the injection of Bicillin LA without the addition of procaine to the benzathine penicillin G, even though the Bicillin LA is one-half the volume of the Bicillin CR due to the addition of procaine to the Bicillin CR.     

Intramuscular anti‐D in chronic immune thrombocytopenia children with severe thrombocytopenia

Nine patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia and platelet counts <20 × 10⁹/L, with a median age of 7.8 (3.8–15.5) years, received three phases of 10 mcg/kg/dose of intramuscular anti‐D. Phase 1 was anti‐D daily for 5 days, followed by phase 2, anti‐D weekly for 12 weeks and withheld when platelet counts ≥20 × 10⁹/L, and then phase 3 was anti‐D once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. According to the International Working Group criteria, in phase 1, 66.7% of patients responded to the treatment. In phases 2 and 3, 11.1% (0–41.7%) and 7.7% (0–33.3%) of total episodes of follow up, respectively, responded to the treatment. Therefore, intramuscular anti‐D given at a dose of 10 mcg/kg for 5 days is an alternative method to raise platelet counts in chronic immune thrombocytopenia children with severe thrombocytopenia where the intravenous form of anti‐D is not available.