预处理对一清复方水提液陶瓷膜微滤工艺的影响

探讨减压抽滤、离心、絮凝等预处理方法对一清复方水提液的溶液环境以及微滤过程中膜通量、过滤阻力分布影响.研究发现,不同预处理方式都能改善膜过滤工艺,离心(5 000 /min)在改善料液环境和膜通量方面优于其他预处理方式.     

终端陶瓷膜法海水淡化预处理

采用低能耗的终端过滤方式进行陶瓷膜法海水淡化预处理,比较了"絮凝沉降 陶瓷膜"和"砂滤 陶瓷膜"两种预处理工艺.前者延长了膜再生周期,其陶瓷膜的平均渗透通量是后者的1.6倍,达到220 L/(m2·h),产水回收率大于90%.经陶瓷膜预处理后的产水水质稳定,达到反渗透膜的进水水质要求.结果表明,"絮凝沉降 陶瓷膜"预处理工艺明显优于"砂滤 陶瓷膜"预处理工艺.     

克雷伯氏杆菌产生的絮凝剂处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

本文研究了克雷伯氏杆菌（Klebilla sp．）SLY08所产絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液的絮凝效果，并对影响絮凝作用的主要因素进行了探讨。絮凝效果表明，在室温、pH7．0及助凝剂Al^3＋存在下，该菌株所产生的絮凝剂不仅能有效去除废水中的悬浮固体，而且还能使废水脱色，其脱色率可高达61．8％。与常规絮凝剂相比，具有用量少、絮凝活性高的优点。     

上海萨尔过滤设备有限公司

上海萨尔过滤设备有限公司生产的萨尔多袋式过滤器，全部采用优质的不锈钢材料制造。并采用独特的密封结构设计，配以特别设计的滤袋三脚卡紧盖和专业超声波工艺制作的热熔过滤袋，可确保过滤器本身及过滤过程的近乎100％无泄漏，精密铸件顶盖及导管形状使流体进入过滤状态更直接、快捷，极大地减少了紊流，再辅以合理、紧凑的管道连接和最大化过滤面积的全打磨抛光滤蓝，使得滤器本身内部及连接管道内部无杂质沉积，过滤效率高、运行成本低。过滤器各条焊缝质量均能达到德国汉堡焊接协会技术标准，使用安全可靠。另外，该产品采用侧进侧出导流方式，使得操作高度和空间大为降低，维护操作极为轻松、快捷，劳动强度减小，生产效率提高。     

管式陶瓷膜十字流微滤过程强化研究

对管式陶瓷膜十字流微滤过程中的流体流动方式和原位再生膜的方式与周期进行了优化研究。结果表明，外旋流方式和压气反吹的原位再生方法相结合能够使管式陶瓷膜十字流微滤过程得到较大程度的强化，即微滤过程中的浓差极化和膜污染得到有效控制；在较高频率的压气反吹情况下，该微滤过程的过滤通量能在较长时间内保持不下降。研究结果为管式陶瓷膜十字流微滤的高效膜器结构与工艺设计提供了依据。     

微絮凝-砂滤-超滤处理淮河原水的试验研究

采用微絮凝-砂滤-超滤工艺对淮河原水进行了中试规模的试验．重点考察预处理条件如滤速和混凝剂投加量的变化对后续膜处理性能的影响．结果表明，试验工艺去除CODMn的效果随着混凝剂投加量的增加而提高．在投加量(大于4mg／L)不变的条件下，滤速的变化不会影响砂滤出水的浊度和CODMn，当投加量为4mg／L时，较高的滤速导致砂滤出水的浊度和CODMn的增加．由于后续超滤膜的截留作用，膜出水的浊度和CODMn令人满意．     

陶瓷膜微滤油茶皂苷粗提液

通过陶瓷膜微滤去除油茶籽饼粗提液中的杂质,以提高油茶籽饼中主要活性成分油茶皂苷的得率与纯度.实验结果表明,以55%乙醇超声提取油荼皂苷,抽滤后,以30 g/mL的油茶皂苷进行0.5μm微滤,压力控制在0.1～0.15 MPa,温度控制在40℃左右,油茶总皂苷的转移率约达89.25%,除杂率约14.5%,纯度相对较好;过滤后的透过液清澈,黄亮.作为前处理微滤,应用于工业化,具有一定的可行性.     

了解超纯水的预处理工艺-保安过滤——超纯水RO膜保安过滤器性能评估与分析方法

超纯水系统的预处理系统主要功能之一就是降低RO膜进水中的颗粒大小和含量,从这个层面来说,超纯水预处理系统就显得尤为重要。超纯水预处理系统主要分为混凝沉淀、砂滤、活性炭吸附。保安过滤等常规处理工艺。其中对颗粒的过滤主要有两个过滤点：一是粗滤,采用砂滤或者沉淀方法去除原水中大颗粒杂质;二是RO膜颗粒杂质过滤器,采用滤芯或者滤袋以除去原水中小颗粒杂质。颗粒杂质过滤器也称为保安过滤器,一个良好的保安过滤器可以大大提高RO膜进口水质,从而延长RO膜的使用寿命和降低化学再生频率,综合降低超纯系统的运行成本。     

机械行业总排废水的再生回用

机械工厂中，对全厂总排废水全部处理的企业仅占11．4％，因而机械行业应大力推广应用废水再生回用技术。机械行业总排废水再生回用水站行之有效的工艺流程为混凝沉淀过滤及废水直接微絮凝过滤，其最佳工艺流程为废水直接微絮凝过滤，其投资仅为前者的50％～60％。废水回用既有直接的经济效益又有间接的经济效益。     

氢氧化镁吸附-陶瓷膜微滤对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化钱吸附与陶瓷膜微滤过程相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理,重点在于对预处理条伯及微滤操作条件的考察。研究表明,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的同滤技术对含活性产的印染放废水脱色处理是完全可行的。具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点,在合适的条件下,脱色率可达９８％以上,１．０μｍ膜的通量在１５０Ｌ／（ｍ＾２．ｈ）左右。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.