基于STBC的MIMO OFDM系统中的I/Q不平衡及CFO的联合均衡策略

基于STBC方案,针对MIMO OFDM通信系统中同时存在发射机和接收机I/Q不平衡、前端滤波器失配、CFO和频率选择性信道失真的组合影响进行了深入研究,并提出了一种适用的联合均衡策略;具体实现是首先通过对MIMO OFDM系统中只存在发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的分析,得到一种频域均衡器;然后再考虑同时存在接收机I/Q不平衡和CFO的情况,得到了2个时域均衡器;最后把2个时域均衡器变换到频域,并结合消除发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的频域均衡技术,提出了一种全面的联合均衡技术即频域子载波均衡器。仿真结果表明,针对MIMO OFDM系统提出的频域子载波均衡技术不仅能扩展到其他高阶STBC系统,而且使均衡后的系统BER性能得到了明显的提高。     

短波通信中MIMO单载波频域均衡算法研究

短波信道是一个典型的频率选择性衰落信道,需要在接收端采用均衡技术来补偿信道衰落的影响。针对短波信道的特性,介绍了能有效对抗多径干扰的MIMO单载波频域均衡的系统结构,并研究了传统的线性均衡。在此基础上提出了一种改进的频域均衡算法,对信号进行两次均衡,进一步消除了多径分量造成的干扰,并在中度短波信道下验证了改进算法的性能。Matlab仿真结果表明,提出的改进算法降低了误码率,提高了系统性能。     

SC-FDE／MIMO技术在宽带无线接入系统中的应用研究

简要介绍了无线宽带接入系统物理层研究的两种重要技术：单载波频域均衡(SC—FDE)技术和多入多出(MIMO)技术。然后，给出SC—FDE MIM0系统的模型结构，并重点讨论了该系统模型的频域均衡系数，以及信道估计和信噪比估计的算法实现。最后，给出SC—FDE MIMO系统的性能仿真结果。     

MIMO单载波分数阶傅里叶域均衡系统及最优阶次选择方法

单载波频域均衡（SC-FDE）技术可以有效地克服无线传输中的多径衰落,而多输入多输出（MIMO）能大大提高频谱利用率。两者的结合已成为下一代无线通信系统上行链路的传输方案。然而,当无线信道是快速时变时, MIMO SC-FDE系统的频域信道矩阵将为非对角矩阵,形成严重的频域子信道间干扰,使系统性能急剧下降。针对这一问题,本文采用在分数阶傅里叶域均衡代替传统频域均衡,提出MIMO单载波分数阶傅里叶域均衡（MIMO SC-FrFDE ）系统。通过选择合适的分数阶傅里叶变换阶次,实现分数阶傅里叶域信道矩阵的近似对角化。仿真结果表明,在快速时变信道下,本文提出的MIMO SC-FrFDE系统比传统MIMO SC-FDE具有更好的误码率性能。     

一种四天线MIMO-SC-FDMA高精度信道估计方案

针对高速移动环境下频率色散现象以及信道容量低和系统可靠性差的问题,提出采用多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)技术与单载波频分多址(Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Acess, SC-FDMA)技术相结合的方法,设计了一种适用于四天线MIMO-SC-FDMA通信系统的高精度信道估计算法。该算法采用空时编码(Spatial Time Block Code, STBC)与时间切换传输分集(Time Switched Transimit Diversity, TSTD)结合的STBC-TSTD分集编码技术,选择自然插值方案,在离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT)信道估计方法的基础上设计了一种利用频域加权来提高信道估计精度的高精度信道估计算法,减小了频率色散现象影响,提升了信道容量和系统可靠性,通过仿真分析验证了所提算法的有效性。     

单载波通信系统的迭代频域合成均衡算法

为提高符号间干扰(ISI)信道条件下信号接收的可靠性,该文研究单载波通信系统的多天线空间分集接收问题,提出一种迭代频域合成均衡算法。该算法推导先验信息条件下合成均衡器的频域传输函数,并借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现合成均衡器系数和均衡滤波的高效计算。仿真结果表明,相比时域算法,该算法能够在不损失性能的前提下,大幅降低运算复杂度。与单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)算法相比,该算法不需要在数据传输的结构中插入循环前缀(CP),提高频谱利用率,能够直接应用于现有单载波通信系统。     

单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)技术浅析

均衡技术是克服多径变参信道衰落的一种有效手段,也是宽带无线通信中对抗多径的一种重要方法。从设计原理出发,进行了单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)的设计,分析了单载波均衡的技术特点,并与多载波OFDM技术在通信容量、PAPR等方面进行了比较,最后在莱斯信道进行了仿真分析,给出仿真结果,表明单载波频域均衡系统能够获得较好的性能,降低误码率。对系统工程设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

IEEE802.16a单载波频域均衡方案的仿真

研究了IEEE802.16a宽带无线接入系统的单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)方案,建立了完整的802.16a单载波频域均衡系统仿真平台,研究了SC-FDE系统的频域均衡、编码和分集增益.仿真结果表明,将SC-FDE系统与判决反馈均衡、信道编码或发送分集结合都能提高SC-FDE系统抗多径干扰的能力.     

单载波宽带MIMO系统广义近似消息传递Turbo频域均衡

针对编码单载波循环前缀(SC-CP)多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,该文采用消息传递算法研究软输入软输出MIMO频域均衡器(FDE)的设计问题。基于广义近似消息传递(GAMP)算法,该文提出一种新的低复杂度MIMO频域均衡方法。这种消息传递MIMO均衡方法的显著特点是既保留了SC-CP传输所产生的频域均衡的优点,同时又避免了传统MIMO FDE中逐频点MIMO矩阵求逆运算,所以具有随MIMO系统接收天线数增加而线性增长的计算复杂度。计算机仿真结果表明,与传统方案相比,该文提出的MIMO频域均衡算法具有明显的误码率(BER)性能优势。     

单载波频域均衡信道估计分析

针对高速率信息传输系统中多径衰落对单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)信道估计造成的影响,在SC-FDE原理基础上,将无线通信中信噪比估计和SC-FDE中信道估计结合起来,对现有信噪比估计算法进行优化。分析和仿真结果表明,此方法能有效地改善多径衰落信道中信道估计的有效性,提高了频域均衡的效果,从而改善了SC-FDE系统的误码率(BER)性能。     

Per-tone equalization for MIMO OFDM systems

This paper focuses on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with channel order larger than the cyclic prefix (CP) length. Writing the demodulating fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a sliding FFT followed by a downsampling operation, we show in this paper that by swapping the filtering operations of the MIMO channel and the sliding FFT, the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system is very similar to the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of a MIMO single-carrier (SC) system. As a result, to recover the data symbol vectors, the conventional equalization approach for MIMO SC systems can be applied to each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system. This so-called per-tone equalization (PTEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems is an attractive alternative to the recently developed time-domain equalization (TEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems. In the second part of this paper, we focus on direct per-tone equalizer design and adapt an existing semi-blind equalizer design method for space-time block coding (STBC) SC systems to the corresponding semi-blind per-tone equalizer design method for STBC OFDM systems.     

An Efficient Cyclic Prefix Reconstruction Technique for MIMO Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization

In this letter, an efficient cyclic prefix reconstruction (CPR) technique with turbo equalization is developed for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) system. The proposed method consists of pre-processing estimation (PPE) and residual inter-carrier interference suppression (RICIS). The PPE is employed to compute initial values of MIMO turbo equalization, and the RICIS is used to mitigate residual intercarrier interference (ICI) after each iteration of the CPR. By applying the proposed method to MIMO SC-FDE system with insufficient cyclic prefix (CP), we can significantly improve its error performance, obtaining both the benefits of multiplexing gain and spectral efficiency gain     

Maximum diversity in single-carrier frequency-domain equalization

In broadband wireless communications, multipath propagation often results in an overall channel with a long impulse response that could span tens or even hundreds of symbol intervals. To equalize such long channels, conventional single-carrier time-domain equalization becomes infeasible due to high computational complexity. Relying on the use of fast Fourier transform, single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) offers low-complexity equalization as well as other desirable features. In this correspondence, we prove that SC-FDE is also capable of collecting full multipath diversity even without channel coding. As far as we are aware, this is the first analytical proof of the diversity gain of SC-FDE. This conclusion justifies those existing simulation results regarding the performance comparison between SC-FDE and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), and offers important guidelines for further improving SC-FDE and OFDM     

Receiver Design for Single-Carrier Block Transmission Over Doubly Selective Channels

Single-carrier block transmission is an alternative scheme to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for wireless broadband communications. In this paper, a receiver is designed for single-carrier block transmission with cyclic prefix for mobile broadband communications. As the wireless transmission is over doubly selective channels, a basis expansion model is used to capture both the time- and frequency-selectivity of the channel and is parameterized for the receiver design. The receiver estimates the channel model coefficients in the time domain and uses these coefficients for equalization in the frequency domain. The channel estimation is assisted by time-domain pilot insertion. The structure of the frequency-domain channel matrix is exploited and a linear minimum mean-square error equalizer is used for the equalization. When the basis expansion model well matches the physical channel, simulation results show superior receiving performance of the proposed system compared with the OFDM system with a similar complexity.     

A channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-SCFDE

This letter proposes a novel method for channel estimation in a single-carrier multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) system with frequency-domain equalization/detection. To this end, we construct novel short MIMO training sequences that have constant envelope in the time domain to preclude the peak-to-average power ratio problem encountered in many systems that utilize the frequency domain for data recovery. Simultaneously, the spectrum in the frequency domain is flat except for a grid of s for predefined frequency tones. Armed with these sequences, we provide an algorithm that is optimal in the least squares (LS) sense at a potentially low computational cost. Results show that the algorithm performs identically to other proposed LS techniques. Furthermore, the algorithm is extremely bandwidth efficient in that the total training overhead required to obtain full CSI is just one block.     

引入MIMO技术的单载波频域均衡系统

为克服传统的单发单收(SISO)单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)系统频谱效率低的缺点,给出了一种引入多输入多输出(MIMO)复用技术的SC-FDE系统方案。该方案使用2根发射天线在同一个频率同时发射包含不同信息的2路数据,并使用2根接收天线同时进行接收。设计了高效的帧结构,使得新方案可以延用SISO+SC-FDE系统的方法来获得同步;并利用频域相移正交训练序列获得信道估计。在频域均衡后,再把信号变回时域检测。该方案相较于传统的SISO+SC-FDE系统,频谱效率可提高大约1倍。     

Frequency-Domain Equalization for Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal STBCs over Frequency-Selective Wireless and Power-Line Channels

In recent years, combination of single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) and space-time block coding/code (STBC) techniques to exploit the advantages of both, has received a great attention. In this paper we propose new techniques for combining SC-FDE with orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal STBCs applicable to any number of transmit antennas. For Quasi-orthogonal STBC we first propose a new structure for codes with four transmit antennas and then extend it to higher numbers. We convert Quasi-orthogonal system to two equivalent orthogonal subsystems and equalize and decode these subsystems based on our proposed procedure for orthogonal codes. Finally, we present our simulation results for different frequency-selective wireless and power-line channels and show that a significant SNR gain is achieved when SC-FDE is combined with diversity techniques.     

Distributed antenna network for gigabit wireless access

For gigabit wireless data services, there are three important technical issues to be addressed: limited bandwidth, severe frequency-selective fading, and limited transmit power. A distributed antenna network (DAN) is a promising solution to the above three technical issues. In DAN, each mobile user is served by using multiple distributed antennas close to it. In this paper, recent advances in various distributed multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) techniques combined with single-carrier (SC) frequency-domain signal processing are presented for DAN. Particular attention is paid to SC frequency-domain MIMO diversity, relay, beamforming, and multiplexing jointly used with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to significantly improve the signal transmission performance.     

Layered space-frequency equalization in a single-carrier MIMO system for frequency-selective channels

Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) has been shown to be an effective approach to combat frequency-selective wireless channels. In this letter, we propose a layered space-frequency equalization (LSFE) architecture for a single-carrier (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, where MIMO FDE is employed at each stage or (layer) of detection. At a particular stage, a group of the best data streams in the minimum mean square error sense are detected and are canceled from the received signals. Simulation results show that our proposed LSFE structures can outperform layered space-time equalization (LSTE) structures and uncoded orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM), especially at a higher delay spread. Performance is enhanced further, by incorporating the FDE with time-domain decision feedback at each stage of LSFE. We also provide performance analysis for LSFE, in comparison with OFDM.     

Frequency-Domain Set-Membership Filtering and Its Applications

Frequency-domain adaptive filtering is appealing in many applications, particularly channel equalization. This paper presents frequency-domain set-membership filtering (F-SMF) and derives adaptive algorithms for F-SMF. The F-SMF is employed to design single-carrier frequency-domain equalizer (SC-FDE). With an unconventional parameter-dependent error-bound specification, an F-SMF algorithm is derived and shown to provide superior performance with sparse updates of parameter estimates. Exploring the feature of sparse updates, we present an innovative parallel adaptive architecture that shares the updating processors and that finds natural appeal in frequency-domain diversity combining and equalization for very dispersive fading channels like those found in broadband wireless communications