冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线

在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上采用热膨胀法-金相法测定了ML40Cr钢的临界点Ac1、Ar1、Ac3、Ar3，同时测定了在不同冷却速度下过冷奥氏体连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了MK40Cr连续转变冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程和转变产物的组织和性能，初步确定了ML40Cr盘条的控制冷却范围．为冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条的开发提供了参考依据。     

T23钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线

利用膨胀法和差热分析法结合金相-硬度法测定T23钢过冷奥氏体的连续冷却曲线(CCT图).由差热分析仪测得了临界点Ac1、Ac3、Ar1和Ar3,由Gleeble-1500热模拟机测定T23钢以不同冷却速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线和M(*),获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线.研究了T23钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织.通过对CCT图的分析,确定铁素体、贝氏体、贝氏体/马氏体复合相冷却速度.     

20MnSi钢奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线

利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上测定了20MnSi钢的临界点Ar1、Ar3、Ac1、Ac3及Ms;同时测定了该钢在不同冷却速度下过冷奥氏体连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线(动态CCT曲线);研究了20MnSi钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织和性能.大致找出了避免贝氏体和马氏体产生的冷却速度,初步确定了生产20MnSi钢的控冷速度范围,为生产实践和新工艺的制定提供了参考依据.     

65MnCr耐磨钢的连续冷却曲线和相变规律

利用DIL805A热膨胀仪结合金相—硬度法,测得了低合金耐磨钢65Mn Cr的临界点温度Ac1,Ac3以及Ms;并绘制了该材料的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);研究了65Mn Cr过冷奥氏体连续冷却过程中组织转变规律;最后对65Mn Cr和65Mn的CCT曲线做了比较。结果表明:相比65Mn,65Mn Cr钢CCT曲线大大右移,淬透性大大增加;该钢的临界冷却速度为1~3℃/s;得到淬火最佳参数:淬火速度为3℃/s,堆冷温度为200~400℃。     

27SiMn钢奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线

用Formast-F全自动相变仪测定了27SiMn钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3和在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);研究了27SiMn钢连续冷却过程中过冷奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织形态.结果表明:随着冷却速度的提高,显微硬度逐渐提高.     

45Si2Cr钢的连续冷却转变曲线

测定了45Si2Cr钢分别在950℃和900℃奥氏体化后的连续冷却转变曲线。45Si2Cr钢的Ac1和Ac3点分别是790℃和822℃。钢在950℃奥氏体化时获得全马氏体的临界冷却速度为15℃／s,900℃奥氏体化时是20℃/s。钢的Ms点随奥氏体化加热温度的提高而上升,950℃、900℃和850℃加热时Ms分别是320℃、306℃和280℃。45Si2Cr钢在连续冷却时不形成贝氏体。     

合金元素对高强汽车钢板相变规律的影响

利用热膨胀仪研究了DP600双相钢、Q&P钢和22MnB5热冲压成形钢的奥氏体临界转变温度和CCT曲线,分析了合金元素对高强汽车钢板相变规律的影响。结果表明,随着加热速率的增加,DP600双相钢、22MnB5钢的Ac1和Ac3温度增加。相同加热速率条件下,高强汽车钢板改变成分对Ac1影响小,但DP600钢添加Cr后,Ac3降低约20 ℃;Q&P钢降低1.0%Si、增加0.47%Al时,Ac3增加50 ℃;22MnB5钢改变Si、Mn含量时,Ac3变化约为10 ℃。DP600钢添加Cr元素后,奥氏体化曲线呈直线增加,相同温度时的奥氏体转变量明显增加。22MnB5钢中奥氏体化曲线呈直线增加,添加Cr元素后奥氏体化曲线右移,Si元素减少后,奥氏体转变量<40%阶段,奥氏体转变速率增加。Q&P钢奥氏体转变曲线呈直线增加,温度接近Ac3时增速减缓,加入Al元素后奥氏体转变速率降低。C元素推迟了铁素体、珠光体、贝氏体、马氏体转变;Cr元素推迟了珠光体、贝氏体转变,降低了马氏体临界冷却转变速率,提高了高强汽车钢板的淬透性。     

大型支承辊Cr4材料连续冷却转变曲线的测定

采用膨胀法并结合金相-硬度法,在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上测定了Cr4钢的临界转变点Ac1,Ac3以及M3点;测定了不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,得到了该材料的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);结合金相组织观察方法,研究了连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织形貌;测定了不同冷却速度下相转变后的硬度值.结果表明,随着冷却速度的增加,材料的硬度也越来越大.为大型支承辊热加工工艺过程微观组织模拟提供了重要的基础参数,同时也为大型支承辊的锻造及热加工工艺路线的制定提供了理论依据.     

船板钢E36轧后控冷工艺的制定

采用Formaster-Digital全自动相变仪测定了船板钢E36加热时的实际相变温度Ac1和Ac3,以及冷却时的实际相变温度Ar1和Ar3,同时测定了试样在不同冷却速度下的相变点,根据相变点绘制出了E36钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线).通过分析不同冷却速度对E36钢的显微组织、晶粒度和硬度的影响,制定出了较合理的E36钢轧后控冷工艺:冷却速度5～10℃·s-1,终冷温度550℃左右,然后空冷.该控冷工艺,保证了室温主要组织为F P,细化了铁素体(F)晶粒,同时保证了E36钢的硬度要求.     

42CrMoA钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却相转变曲线

结合膨胀法和金相-硬度法,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机测定了42CrMoA钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3和Ms点,测定了该钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,相转变点;分析了连续冷却过程中过冷奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织形貌;测定了不同冷却速度下相转变后的硬度,获得了该钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却相转变曲线.结果表明,当冷却速度小于0.1℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体和珠光体组织;当冷却速度0.2～0.6℃/s时转变产物是铁素体、珠光体、贝氏体的混合组织;当冷却速度为0.7～17℃/s时,转变产物是贝氏体和马氏体的混合组织;当冷却速度大于20℃/s时,转变产物为完全马氏体,此次实验并没有获得完全贝氏体.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.