A brushless electric motor with a transverse magnetic flux and disk rotor

Brushless permanent magnet machines (BPMMs) have a greater efficiency and smaller overall dimensions than do other types of machines and are widely used in electric drives for various purposes. Two types of BPMMs are used in practice: BPMMs with a classical double-layer-distributed stator winding and BPMMs with a toothed-step stator winding. There exists another type of BPMM with a transverse magnetic flux (transverse flux motors, TFMs) which is being actively studied. In TFM electric motors, the magnetic lines of fluxes of the poles of rotor end perpendicular to the direction of rotor rotation. Stator windings in these machines are fabricated as rings coaxial with rotor, and the magnetic circuit of stator consists of separate fragments. Specialists assert electric TFMs have a higher specific power—the ratio between the output power and the mass of the machine—than the electric motors of other type. They are of interest, first and foremost, for electric drives without reducing gears. In most TFM, only a half of the poles of rotor are magnetically connected with circular phases of stator. In this work, the TFM design with disk rotor is described, in which the magnetic flux of all poles of rotor is coupled to the circular phases of stator. The stator magnetic circuit in this machine consists of P-like elements, and alternation of polarity of these elements is provided due to the change of their position. As a result, the magnetic flux coupled to the circular phase increases doubles, as do the machine torque and power. Some results of modeling of a three-phase electric motor are presented. The results were obtained using the Ansys Maxwell computer code, including a graph of the change of torque on the shaft of a machine under rotation of the rotor under conditions of sinusoidal currents in phases.     

削弱反磁通电机齿槽转矩的两种新方法

由于定子上永磁体的存在和定转子双凸极齿槽结构,反磁通电机不可避免地存在齿槽转矩,齿槽转矩会引起电机的振动和噪声问题,对于低速运行和要求平稳运行的场合不容忽视,严重时甚至会影响电机的正常运行.本文提出削弱反磁通电机齿槽转矩的两种新方法:转子分段法和定子极弧宽窄成对加转子分段法,通过电磁场有限元分析,证明这两种方法在基本不影响反磁通电机感应电动势的前提下,很好地削弱了齿槽脉动转矩.这两种方法制造工艺简单可行.     

Theoretical characterization of flux reversal machine in low-speed servo drives-the pole-PM configuration

This paper introduces and analyzes a flux reversal machine (FRM) configuration for low-speed (below 150 r/min) servo drives. The FRM configuration includes stator poles with three-phase concentrated coils and 2n/sub p/ alternate polarity permanent magnets per stator pole and a salient multiple-pole passive rotor. In-depth finite-element method analysis shows high torque density and less than 3% torque pulsation (through adequate rotor skewing) with sinusoidal three-phase vector control.     

一种新型双凸极单相永磁电动机--工作原理与参数计算

介绍了1种双凸极单相永磁电动机.电机有4个定子极和6个转子极,转子上无绕组及永磁体,定子上放置绕组和永磁体.定子极采用阶梯形结构,使电机可以起动.电机结构控制简单,可双向运转,适合于调速控制系统.研究了该电机的工作原理及其参数的计算,为电机的控制及系统仿真奠定了基础并提供了依据.     

基于有限元方法的磁通反向电机定位转矩研究

本文介绍了一种新型双凸极永磁电机--磁通反向电机.该电机将永磁体和绕组均放置在定子上,具有转子结构简单、高功率密度、小电感、低惯性等优点,适于高速旋转的场合.但该电机的自身双凸极结构决定了其定位转矩较大,对转动平稳性和噪音控制等都有很大影响,因此文中通过有限元方法详细地分析了电机定转子齿宽、永磁体高度和斜槽角度这些参数的变化对定位转矩的影响,并在此基础上设计得到了一款样机.实验和仿真的比较结果相差约为8%,表明了有限元分析的准确性.     

等距笼型转子无刷双馈电机的有限元分析

针对笼型无刷双馈电机的效率较低的问题进行研究,电机效率与转子磁场极数转换效率和转子漏阻抗参数相关,对转子结构进行优化设计是提高电机性能的根本途径。在分析现有笼型转子的特性基础上,提出等距笼型的新转子结构。新转子具有公共端环和独立叠式转子导体回路,每个转子导体回路的节距相等。利用ANSYS软件对不同笼型转子结构的磁场进行有限元分析,计算出转子磁动势谐波含量和转子漏阻抗参数。结果表明,新转子结构无刷双馈电机的转子电阻和漏电抗小,与定子功率绕组和控制绕组极数相对应的转子谐波磁场含量高,其他高次谐波磁场含量低。     

High torque induction motor with rotating magnets in the rotor

This paper describes a new type high torque induction motor which has the rotating magnets in the rotor. The motor basically consists of a usual stator, cylindrical rotor, and inner cylinder of which the surface is covered by a set of magnets. The rotor turns at somewhat less than synchronous speed. The inner cylinder with magnets can revolve freely against a rotor shaft. The magnets revolve synchronized by the rotating magnetic field induced by the stator current. The magnets make the flux in the rotor. Then we can expect torque increase by the increase of the flux. The results of magnetic field analysis indicate the flux is increased. In the experimental results of a test motor which is a 400 W prototype machine, we have obtained the torque increase by approximately 20 percent as anticipated in the magnetic field analysis. Moreover, test results show improvements of efficiency and power factor in the motor operations. The efficiency of the test motor is obtained as high as 10 percent at the rated output over those of a same size conventional induction motor. Although power factor of conventional induction motors is lagging at all times, the test motor can be operated with near unity, leading or lagging by adjusting the ac supplied source voltage.     

High‐Efficiency Motors Using Soft Magnetic Cores

We have developed a small and highly efficient axial gap motor whose stator core consists of a soft magnetic core. First, the loss sensitivities to various motor design parameters were evaluated by magnetic field analysis. Low sensitivity to the pole number and core dimensions ( ? 2.2 dB) was found for the total loss, which is the sum of the copper loss and the iron losses in the stator core and the rotor yoke. From this we concluded that to improve the motor efficiency, it is essential to reduce the iron loss in the rotor yoke and to minimize the other losses. With this in mind, a prototype axial gap motor was manufactured and tested. The motor has four poles and six slots. The motor is 123 mm in diameter and the axial length is 47 mm. The rotor has parallel magnetized magnets and a rotor yoke with magnetic steel sheets. The maximum measured rotor efficiency is 93%. This value roughly agrees with the maximum calculated efficiency of 95%.     

磁阻式旋转变压器极槽配合研究

磁阻式旋转变压器主要用于伺服控制系统中,针对极槽配合方式选择的问题,将信号绕组极对数引入到正弦绕组匝数计算中,推导出磁阻式旋转变压器定子齿数、信号绕组极对数和转子极对数之间的配合关系,并通过有限元仿真和样机试验验证了极槽配合方式的可行性。由极槽配合方法,信号绕组的极对等于转子极同一个定子可以与不同     

基于精确子域模型的双定子磁通反向电机磁场解析计算

双定子磁通反向电机是一种基于磁场调制原理的新型永磁电机,适用于船舶推进、风力发电等低速大转矩的应用场合.相较于传统的磁通反向电机,双定子拓扑能够解除单定子磁通反向电机永磁体和绕组的空间冲突问题,但同时也会增加其边界条件的复杂度.准确计算双定子磁通反向电机的磁场分布是设计、优化电磁性能的关键,而建立精确的数学模型则是求解...     

探讨大型变频调速矿井提升同步电动机设计的特殊性

针对大型矿井提升同步电动机和为其供电的交-交变频电源的特点,概括介绍了此类电机的电磁、结构等方面的设计要点。在电机电磁设计方面,说明了对于使用变频电源下,如何选择电机容量、额定电压,确定极对数、定子铁心外径及气隙磁密、定子线圈每相串联匝数和定子铁心长度等初步设计需要考虑的问题。进而对详细计算进行说明。在结构设计方面,分别对定转子的组成和定转子线圈结构特点进行了简要介绍。所生产的电机不仅在性能上满足用户的要求,而且经济指标也在逐步提升。     

Adjustable magnetic gear

A mathematical interpretation of a combined electromechanical device possessing the properties of a synchronous machine connected to a frequency converter and of a magnetic gear with a variable reduction factor is considered. The stator winding of the synchronous machine is concentrated (tooth winding), and its spatial period covers the full number of teeth z. An expression for the frequency response of the magnetomotive force (MMF) of the tooth winding was obtained. In the variant under consideration (z = 36), the fundamental harmonic of the magnetic field, which sets the number of stator pole pairs, is v = p = 17. The MMF of the magnets of the internal rotor is represented as a Fourier series. Formulas are given making it possible to calculate the magnetic fields in two air gaps of the magnetic gear caused by the stator current and magnets of a high-speed rotor (using the method of specific magnetic conductivity). The electromagnetic torques of the gear shafts are calculated by the stretch method. The electromagnetic torque caused by the stator winding is determined on the basis of the instantaneous values of the EMF of rotation and transformation of each winding coil without using the winding coefficients. A differential equation system for calculating the transient processes in three channels of a wind-power plant is obtained: in two mechanical channels and in one electrical channel. A closed system with a PID controller is proposed making it possible to stabilize the rotational speed of the electric generator of a wind-power plant with a variable wind speed.     

永磁球形步进电机的结构研究与设计

介绍了一种新型永磁球形步进电机的基本结构,分析了永磁体和定子线圈在实际电机模型中的球面定位,然后介绍了一种以单相电流跟踪PWM控制实验为基础的定子线圈的选择方法。选择合适的部件设计出了永磁球形步进电机的转子球、永磁体、定子支座、定子线圈等各部分的实际参数,给出了详细设计方案,并绘出了该电机的CAD模型图,为永磁球形步进电机的进一步设计和优化提供了依据。     

基于博弈论的电动汽车轮毂电机热源损耗优化

为降低具有高功率、高转矩密度等特点的电动汽车轮毂电机热源损耗,提出了基于博弈论的外转子式永磁同步轮毂电机的多目标优化设计方法。首先应用磁路法推导了电机各项损耗的解析表达式;其次以定子槽形的尺寸为设计变量,以定子铁耗、绕组铜耗、永磁体涡流损耗和电机效率为优化目标,建立电机优化设计数学模型;最后应用基于博弈论的多目标优化算法(Game Theory Optimization Algorithm,GTO),同时结合改进粒子群算法(Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm,APSO)对电机定子槽型进行优化设计,并借助有限元仿真软件进行了辅助计算。研究结果表明：相较于原设计方案,优化后电机功率损耗减少32.6%,效率提高6.12%。     

Characteristic analysis and trial manufacture of permanent‐magnetic type linear generator

This paper describes the design and trial manufacture of a linear generator which can convert any mechanical vibration of an automobile to electrical energy. A mover, which includes permanent magnets, is linearly driven through a stator by vibrations. The Nd‐Fe‐B magnets in the mover are placed facing the same magnetic poles in order to produce a change of magnetic flux in the coils of the stator. The coils are placed in the stator with the same intervals as the magnets. Successive coils are wound in opposite directions and are connected in series. A magnetic iron core covering the stator makes the magnetic flux extend through the case and reduces flux canceling in the coils of the stator. The distribution of the magnetic field, the electromotive force, and the driven power of the mover were calculated by numerical simulations in order to determine the size of the linear generator. A linear generator and experimental apparatus were built on the basis of the simulation. The performance characteristics were tested in experiments, and the produced linear generator was confirmed to be useful as an onboard auxiliary power supply. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 94– 100, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20751     

Mathematical simulations of the electromagnetic system of a subminiature magnetoelectric engine

This paper is devoted to simulations of a valve electric engine with excitation from high-energy permanent rare-earth magnets. A feature of the design of the engine under consideration is that a stator is manufactured using the polycapillary glass-fiber technique. The conductors of the distributed stator winding are placed in holes pm the tube wall. The cylindrical bipolar rotor is made of iron–neodymium–boron. The assumption accepted in the work during the solving the Laplace equation has made it possible to obtain analytical solutions for the magnetic flux, emf, current, electromagnetic torque, and electromagnetic power.     

Application of Direct-Drive Wheel Motor for Fuel Cell Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System

This paper presents a gearless wheel motor drive system specifically designed for fuel cell electric and hybrid electric vehicle propulsion application. The system includes a liquid-cooled axial flux permanent-magnet machine designed to meet the direct-drive requirements. The machine design implements techniques to increase the machine inductance in order to improve machine constant power range and high-speed efficiency. The implemented technique reduces machine spin loss to further improve efficiency. The machine design also optimizes the placement of magnets in the rotor to reduce cogging and ripple torque. An original cooling system arrangement based on the use of high thermal conductivity epoxy joining machine stator and liquid-cooled aluminum casing allows the very effective removal of machine power loss. Design details and experimental results are presented.     

双边永磁励磁游标电机运行原理及电磁特性仿真研究

为了进一步提高电机的功率密度和转矩密度,以满足直驱系统低速、大转矩的运行工况,提出一种新型双边永磁励磁游标(DPMEV)电机。该电机定子和转子上均放置有永磁体,利用定、转子齿对气隙磁导的双向调制作用,将两组永磁体产生的永磁磁场调制成少极数、高转速的有效谐波磁场,并根据有效谐波磁场设计电枢绕组,从而使定、转子上两组永磁体同时与电枢绕组耦合。介绍了DPMEV电机的拓扑结构。基于等效磁路法,对该电机的气隙磁通密度进行了分析,表明该电机可利用气隙磁导的双向调制作用,实现电机功率密度和转矩密度的有效提高。在深入分析电机工作原理的基础上,通过有限元法对DPMEV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机具有适用于直驱系统的高功率密度和高转矩密度特性。     

恶劣环境中的新型无刷直流电机转子位置传感器

为了在高温等恶劣环境中实现无刷直流电机(BLDCM)的伺服控制,提出了一种基于电磁原理的新型BLDCM转子位置传感器。传感器激励用集中绕组对称地安放在定子槽的中心位置,检测用集中绕组密绕在定子齿上,转子外圆周表面设计有与电机N极和S极位置对应的凸起和凹陷。实际工作时,以正弦交流电作为励磁载波,单个检测绕组和激励绕组间的总互感是转子位置角的函数,通过对检测绕组中感应调幅波的监测即可实现转子位置的检测。传感器定子、转子铁心均由新型软磁合金薄片堆叠而成,励磁载波的频率可提升至100kHz。建立了传感器的线性模型和等效磁网络模型,并以后者为基础利用模拟退火算法对系统的结构参数进行了优化。利用ANSYS软件对传感器进行了有限元分析,并设计了相应的试验系统。仿真和试验结果验证了整体设计方案的正确性和有效性。     

Magnetic conduction of a magnetic reducer modulator

The through magnetic conductivities of a modulator have been considered in the magnetic fluxes produced by the stator winding and rotor magnets at observation points that are located on the outer surface of magnets and bore surface of a stator, respectively. The numerical calculations have shown that these conductivities, which substantially differ from each other, are formed by the fundamental harmonics. The contribution of higher harmonics in these conductivities is negligible. The analytical calculations of the through magnetic conductivity of a modulator (based on the classical approaches to electrical machines for calculations of magnetic fields in air gaps with single-sided serration) lead to a significant error. The effect of magnetic saturation of the modulator cores made of laminated electric steel sheets on the through magnetic conductivities has been estimated.