高频液压振动台的流量计算

振动台的主要技术指标包括负载质量M(kgf·sec~2/cm)最大位移Z_m(m),从f_1到f_2Hz最大速度V_m(m/s),从f_2到f_3Hz最大加速度G(m/s~2),从f_3到f_4Hz按这些技术指标可以画出图1所示的振动台特性曲线。     

基于ADAMS的轨道板运输车平顺性分析

轨道板运输车是一种应用于隧道内无砟轨道建设的新型设备,为确定车辆运行时驾驶员的舒适性感受和合理的行驶速度,提出一种基于ADAMS软件的轨道板运输车平顺性分析方法。该方法建立了车辆行驶加速度、频率与人体舒适性感受的关系,首先在ADAMS中建立仿真模型,然后计算输出水平方向和垂直方向的加速度曲线,通过Fourier转换得到功率谱密度曲线,最后利用MATLAB软件求解各方向的加速度均值和总加速度均值。分析结果表明,轨道板运输车在水泥路面行驶时,最大加速度为0.608 2 m/s~2,驾驶员感受为"舒适性较好"且不会引起人体共振;在粗糙水泥路面行驶时,最大驾驶度为0.717 2 m/s~2,驾驶员感受为"舒适性一般",容易造成人体疲劳,建议降低速度。     

农用履带收割机典型路况下的动力学仿真分析

为全面分析某型农用履带收割机在典型路况下的动力学特性,以多刚体系统动力学理论为基础,建立了该型收割机的多体系统动力学模型,通过理论结果与仿真结果的对比验证了模型及方法的真实性,并在此基础上开展了B级随机路面与含垂直土丘等极限路况下的行驶动力学仿真研究。结果表明:车辆以两种典型速度通过B级随机路面时,除了少数起伏较大的位置上加速度值较大外,其他位置上的垂向加速度在3个重力加速度以下;当该收割机以典型车速通过0.1m障碍时,车速越高,车体的垂向加速度越大,车体的振动频率越大;而以典型速度分别通过0.1 m和0.15 m障碍时,车速相同情况下,随着障碍高度的增加,车体的最大垂向加速度值呈1.5~2.2倍左右的增加。所述研究方法及结果可为该类农用履带收割机的研发及改进提供参考。     

车轮磨耗下车下悬吊系统振动特性研究

为研究高速动车组车下悬吊系统在车轮磨耗下的振动特性演变规律,建立考虑车体弹性振动和车下悬吊设备的刚柔耦合动力学模型,分析一个镟轮周期内车轮磨耗对车体和车下悬吊设备振动响应的影响。研究结果表明:车轮磨耗主要影响车下悬吊系统的横向振动,对垂向振动影响较小;在前5万km运营里程下,车体和车下设备的振动特性基本保持不变,随着里程的增加,车体和悬吊设备的振动特性不断恶化,当运营里程达到19.1万km时,车体和悬吊设备的振动加速度幅值达到了新轮下的2倍;车辆运行速度不高于140 km/h时,车轮磨耗对车体和设备的振动影响甚微,随着速度的增加,车轮磨耗对车体和悬吊设备的影响逐渐增大;通过选取合理的横向悬吊刚度可以有效抑制车轮磨耗对悬吊系统的影响,其取值范围在0.7~1.5 MN/m内比较合适。     

车轮多边形磨耗参数对地铁车辆动力学性能影响分析

针对车轮多边形磨耗不同状态下对车辆动力学影响展开研究,建立轮轨柔性某地铁B型车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型,计算车轮多边形阶数和谐波幅值变化对轮轨垂向力、轮轨振动、运行平稳性等车辆动力学性能的影响。结果表明：阶数和谐波幅值在速度增大时轮轨垂向力逐渐增大;阶数14阶、18阶是轮对和轴箱振动加速度随谐波幅值变化产生振动的主要诱因;动力学指标中轮重减载率在18阶、0.04 mm时对其影响最大;车轮多边形使钢轨垂向动位移和振动加速度增大,谐波幅值对钢轨振动特性更有影响。建议考虑制造轮轨柔性,18阶、0.04 mm时对轮轨璇修打磨,以提高动力学性能和行车安全性。     

扣件参数对轮轨滑动接触热弹塑性的影响分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS建立热机直接耦合作用下的轮轨滑动接触热弹塑性有限元模型。采用与温度相关的变摩擦因数和材料参数,运用热机直接耦合法,考虑轮轨间非稳态热传导及轮轨与环境间热对流和热辐射的影响,考虑扣件系统对轮轨接触的影响,分析了不同扣件垂向刚度和扣件间距对钢轨受力和变形的影响。结果表明:轮轨接触斑附近钢轨的最大等效应力和弹性应变出现在钢轨接触表面上;在车轮滑过区域,钢轨最大等效应力和弹性应变发生在钢轨次表面上;钢轨的等效应力、最大变形和车轮垂向加速度在扣件垂向刚度为50 k N/mm时最小;从钢轨的应力、应变、变形和温升方面考虑,扣件间距在0.6~0.725 m间取值均较合理,车轮垂向加速度在扣件间距为0.6 m时最小。     

CRTSⅡ型轨道砂浆脱空对车辆-轨道系统动力性能的影响

为研究CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道砂浆层与轨道板脱离对车辆和轨道结构动态响应的影响，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS结合动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立了CRH2型车辆-弹性轨道耦合动力学模型。分析板端砂浆横向完全脱空时，不同脱空位置和脱空长度对轮轨垂向力、轮重减载率、车体垂向加速度、轨道垂向位移和轨道板拉应力的影响。结果表明：轨道板垂向位移和拉应力受砂浆脱空影响最大，可作为砂浆脱空时，轮轨系统是否满足安全要求的衡量指标。车辆和轨道位移响应受板端单侧脱空和板端对称脱空影响基本相同，但相邻板端脱空对其影响更加显著；板端单侧脱空和相邻板端脱空对轨道板拉应力影响较为一致，但其影响力度小于板端对称脱空。板端单侧脱空长度达1.95 m、板端对称脱空和相邻板端脱空长度达1.3 m时，车辆或轨道结构响应将接近或超出安全限值。通过分析砂浆不同脱空工况下轮轨系统动力学响应，可为砂浆脱空维修提供依据。从而减少轨道维修次数、节约维修成本，同时延长轨道系统寿命、保证行车安全。     

高速磁悬浮列车线路动态适应性研究

基于多体动力学理论,建立高速磁悬浮列车动力学仿真分析的模型,介绍车辆的拓扑关系结构和磁轨相互作用力建模方法,并针对直线、平面曲线和竖曲线(凸曲线和凹曲线)线路条件,仿真分析磁悬浮列车在100～600km/h速度范围内运行时的动态性能。研究表明,列车通过上述线路时,悬浮间隙和导向间隙的最大值均不超过12mm,悬浮力和导向力最大值均低于45kN,横向加速度最大值达到2.8m/s~2,而垂向加速度最大值低于2.1m/s~2,总体说明磁悬浮列车在不同线路上具有较好的适应能力。     

高速列车车轮多边形对齿轮箱疲劳寿命的影响

车轮多边形是高速列车运行过程中常见的磨耗现象,该现象使轮轨作用力增大,齿轮箱持续异常振动,并会影响其疲劳寿命。为研究高速列车车轮多边形对齿轮箱疲劳寿命的影响,建立了含有齿轮箱支撑轴承的驱动系统和柔性齿轮箱的刚柔耦合整车动力学模型,采用数值仿真分析方法,通过分析不同车轮多边形幅值下轮轨垂向力和齿轮箱垂向振动加速度确定极端工况,对该工况下的齿轮箱进行应力分析并确定危险点,进而分析这些点的疲劳寿命。研究发现:列车在350 km/h三阶0.1 mm车轮多边形极端工况时,轮轨垂向力及齿轮箱垂向加速度明显增大,齿轮箱剧烈振动,此时齿轮箱多处出现应力集中,存在多个危险点。其中齿轮箱输出轴轴承端支撑筋处应力最大,该危险点疲劳寿命只能达到256万km,远小于1200万km的正常寿命。因此,在高速列车实际运营中要高度重视车轮多边形对齿轮箱疲劳寿命带来的影响,可通过车轮镟修来降低车轮多边形对齿轮箱疲劳寿命的影响。     

考虑车体弹性的集装箱平车动态响应分析

基于柔性多体系统动力学理论研究铁道集装箱平车动态响应。建立考虑车体弹性的刚柔耦合车辆系统动力学模型,并与多刚体模型的动态响应进行对比。仿真结果表明:弹性体模型的车体加速度均方根值(RMS)较刚性体模型大,最大差值为2.8 m/s2;频谱分析显示,车体1阶扭曲、1阶垂向弯曲和1阶横向弯曲模态对空车振动响应影响显著;加装集装箱会改变车体模态振型,主要表现为扭转弹性变形和局部的弹性振动,对车体端部垂向振动响应影响显著。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....