基于位移传递机构的超磁致伸缩致动器磁场分析

为放大超磁致伸缩致动器的位移,设计了位移传递机构以叠加致动器中超磁致伸缩棒和筒的输出。针对该致动器中棒和筒的磁场分布问题,基于有限元法建立了磁场强度的计算电磁学模型,并利用ANSYS软件进行了仿真。通过仿真得到了棒和筒上任一点磁场强度,并基于一种新的平均化方法确定了截面磁场强度平均值;最后得到位移传递机构取不同磁导率时棒和筒上磁场强度的轴向分布规律。     

超磁致伸缩谐波电机致动器设计方法与特性研究

针对普通谐波齿轮传动需由电机经波发生器输入运动和动力,空间利用率低、惯性大、高速响应差的问题,提出一种由超磁致伸缩材料驱动的有源谐波电机。致动器作为谐波电机动力源及换能装置,对其磁场强度、均匀性、漏磁及空间限制等均有严格要求,据此提出分段内置式永磁结构布局,充分利用空间并改善均匀性;通过对偏置磁场和驱动磁场强度及均匀性影响因素研究,优化致动器参数;随后利用有限元法建立致动器模型并对磁场特性仿真分析;根据优化结构研制出超磁致伸缩谐波电机致动器样机,并对其输出特性试验研究。理论分析与试验结果表明,分段内置式永磁结构漏磁极小,所提出的设计理论和方法,保证了磁场强度和均匀性的同时也保证了致动器工作在准线性范围内,输出规律符合啮合要求,易于实现精准控制,为超磁致伸缩谐波电机走向实际应用奠定了基础。     

稀土超磁致伸缩换能器磁路设计与仿真

稀土超磁致换能器的主要作用是实现电—磁—机三种能量的转化,即交变电流作用下在线圈中激发磁场,使位于偏置磁场和线圈激发磁场中的稀土超磁致伸缩棒,在叠加磁场的激励下产生伸缩运动,输出机械力和位移,该过程中磁能起到了举足轻重的重要作用。基于稀土超磁致材料设计了一种可以应用于超声挤压强化加工领域的直动型双向输出换能器,并采用了有限元软件ANSYS对其进行了磁路的优化和仿真。结果表明:闭磁路系统辅以偏置磁场有利于稀土超磁致棒区域磁场强度的均匀分布,解决倍频现象,同时也得出了稀土超磁致换能器的最佳电流驱动密度,这对换能器的结构设计和磁路优化具有重要意义。     

叠堆式超磁致伸缩致动器磁场分布建模及分析

为提高超磁致伸缩致动器(GMA)偏置磁场的均匀度,设计了叠堆式超磁致伸缩致动器(SGMA),建立了SGMA的磁场分布模型,并对模型进行分析研究。首先,通过分析传统GMA偏磁施加方式的特点和不足,采用永磁体和GMM棒交替排布的结构形式,设计了SGMA;然后,将磁路模型和毕奥-萨伐尔定律相结合,建立了能够准确描述SGMA磁场特点的磁场分布模型;接着,利用所建立磁场分布模型分析了不同参数对SGMA磁场分布特征的影响,提出了SGMA结构设计方法;最后,通过实验完成了模型验证。结果表明:采用本文建立的模型描述SGMA磁场分布时,最大相对误差低于4%;在预测SGMA的输出位移时,最大相对误差低于5%。该模型有助于准确刻画SGMA的工作状态,提高SGMA的系统精度,并为SGMA结构设计提供参考依据。     

双线圈超磁致伸缩换能器三维磁场分析与优化

针对超磁致伸缩换能器工作性能以及磁场环境问题,对超磁致伸缩换能器磁场强度、漏磁以及超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)棒磁场均匀率进行了研究,并基于GMM设计了一种双线圈换能器。在分析了GMM特性以及超磁致伸缩换能器工作原理的基础上,提出了以增大GMM棒磁场强度、减少漏磁和提高磁场均匀率为设计原则,将GMM棒轴线方向上磁场强度作为评价标准,采用COMSOL Multiphysic有限元仿真软件对双线圈超磁致伸缩换能器进行三维磁场仿真,分析了超磁致伸缩换能器在工作过程中上下导磁体和导磁回路的结构参数对磁场均值大小和磁场均匀率大小的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着导磁体半径的增加,GMM棒磁场均匀率先增加然后增幅缓慢趋于平衡,磁场均值先不变,然后大幅降低;随着导磁回路相对磁导率增加,GMM棒磁场强度均值大幅增加,当相对磁导率达到1 500时,磁场强度均值基本趋于平衡,经过优化,磁场均匀率从59.7%提高到90.5%,增幅为30.8%。     

基于多目标遗传算法的高频磁致伸缩换能器优化设计

磁致伸缩换能器在高频激励下存在铁心涡流损耗大、磁场分布不均匀、电磁转化效率低等问题,需要从换能器本体优化设计方面寻求解决。首先对换能器的线圈高度和磁轭回路结构进行仿真分析以初步确定磁路结构;然后基于非支配排序遗传算法对换能器提出了一个整体的多目标优化设计模型,该模型以增大磁致伸缩棒内磁场强度、提高棒内的磁场分布均匀度和减少换能器高频损耗为优化目标,引入规范化排序和熵权法对该优化方法得到的Pareto前沿解进行决策支持,筛选一组最优设计方案;最后对该最优解进行仿真分析,磁场分布和数值计算结果验证了该优化方法的有效性,根据优化结果制作了一台换能器样机,样机输出特性的测试结果表明了优化设计方法的可行性。     

超磁致伸缩致动器能量损耗特性分析

提出了超磁致伸缩棒内部平均磁场计算方法,结合动态J-A模型以及线圈阻抗公式得到了超磁致伸缩致动器的能耗特性。分析了超磁致伸缩棒能耗、线圈能耗以及超磁致伸缩致动器总能耗随频率的变化趋势。分析结果表明,超磁致伸缩棒以及线圈能耗均随着频率的增大而增大,而且超磁致伸缩棒能耗占超磁致伸缩致动器总能耗的比例会随着频率的增大而增大。计算了油冷条件下超磁致伸缩棒的表面温度,计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,证明了能耗模型的正确性。分析过程及方法为超磁致伸缩致动器的设计和控制提供了有益的参考。     

超磁致伸缩泵驱动磁路建模及数值分析

提出了一种面向固液混合作动器的新型超磁致伸缩泵结构。对超磁致伸缩泵驱动磁路进行了数学建模,采用有限元法对其磁场分布进行了数值模拟,并与理论计算结果进行对比,发现超磁致伸缩棒上磁感应强度的理论计算值与仿真结果基本吻合。采用磁场有限元法分析了超磁致伸缩棒的轴向磁场与径向磁场均匀性,发现径向磁场均匀性明显高于轴向;针对不同长度的棒进行了轴向磁场均匀性分析,揭示了其影响与作用规律;在此基础上对驱动磁场进行了动态数值模拟,发现在输入电压恒定时超磁致伸缩棒内的磁感应强度随着输入信号频率的提高而衰减,实验与仿真结果的对比验证了仿真的正确性。     

超磁致伸缩致动器优化设计与特性测试

设计了超磁致伸缩致动器(GMA),对线圈尺寸及绕线进行了优化设计,并测试了超磁致伸缩致动器的静、动态特性。在分析超磁致伸缩材料特性的基础上设计了GMA基本结构,并确定了偏置磁场的加载方式。研究了线圈尺寸参数对线圈轴线上磁场分布和线圈的电-磁转换效率两方面的影响,优化设计了线圈的尺寸;提出了线圈功耗表达式并分析了绕线直径对功耗的影响,择优选取了绕线。实验表明GMA具有较好的静态、动态特性,且GMA工作特性与设计参数相吻合,证明了线圈优化设计的合理性。     

偏置优化对Terfenol-D致动器性能的影响

从分析Terfenol-D材料的磁致伸缩机理出发,引申出预应力和偏置磁场是影响超磁致伸缩致动器性能的重要因素.零偏置磁场驱动下不同预应力对致动器位移输出影响的实验和零预应力下两种偏置磁场对致动器输出性能的比较实验,验证了合理选择预应力和偏置磁场可有效地改善致动器性能的论点.预应力和磁偏置的实验矩阵确定了不同预应力对应的优化偏置磁场,实际设计中需根据致动器要求确定优化的偏置条件.     

基于GMA喷嘴挡板伺服阀的动态特性

提出基于GMA喷嘴挡板伺服阀的新结构,研制了GMM电－机械转换器及其喷嘴挡板伺服阀,分析其结构特点与需要解决的关键技术,建立动态数学模型。构建基于GMA喷嘴挡板伺服阀动态特性的试验系统,试验研究GMA喷嘴挡板伺服阀的阶跃和幅频响应特性,试验测得其阶跃响应上升时间为1 ms、幅频宽达680 Hz;将试验结果与仿真结果进行对比分析,两者基本吻合,论证动态数学模型的正确性。研究结果表明,用GMM设计新型电—机械转换器,可提高喷嘴挡板阀乃至整个电液伺服系统的频响和精度。     

电磁阀的热物理场数值仿真与试验研究

以某型航空发动机控制系统上的电磁阀为研究对象，建立其流固耦合模型，开展热物理场数值仿真研究，对其不同工况下的热物理场特性进行分析。同时搭建试验系统进行试验验证，根据试验结果对仿真模型及参数进行优化迭代，并得出结论：在实际使用过程中，电磁阀的温升主要受环境温度、外加功率、内部结构及外部热交换条件的影响，电磁阀的热物理场数值仿真结果与试验数据的最大误差为7.0%,数值仿真模型准确度较高，能有效地预测电磁阀的温度场分布。该模型可指导电磁阀热设计，具有较高的实际工程应用价值。     

液压控制锥阀内流场的数值模拟与试验可视化研究

用Galerkin有限元法对液压控制锥阀在不同的开口度、不同的阀芯结构、不同的阀座尺寸下的内流场进行数值计算，计算结果以可视的图形图像形式给出。并用DPIV技术对锥阀内流场进行试验可视化研究，试验结果与计算结果吻合。研究结果对设计低能耗、低噪声液压锥阀具有指导意义。     

ABS高速开关阀液压力影响因素研究

高频小流量高速开关阀用于汽车防抱死制动系统 (ABS)增压与减压的控制,在不同温度环境下,其可靠的动态特性是ABS正常工作的重要指标。高速开关阀阀芯高频运动过程中,主要受到电磁力、液压力等因素的影响。针对液压力,建立高速开关阀不同温度、阀口两端压差、阀口开度的有限元仿真模型,分析温度、阀口两端压差和阀口开度不同时,高速开关阀液压力的变化规律。仿真结果得知,在相同的阀口开度和压差下,液压力随温度的升高而减小;阀口开度越大,液压力受温度的影响越大;同一压差和温度下,液压力随阀口开度的增大而减小。通过探寻温度、阀口两端压差及阀口开度大小对高速开关阀液压力的影响,为准确研究高速开关阀动态特性提供理论依据,从而为提高汽车ABS响应特性奠定理论基础。     

基于AMESim的防振液压安全阀设计与试验研究

为减小直动式液压安全阀开启、关闭过程对液压系统造成的振动，设计了一种防振液压安全阀。通过对防振液压安全阀及去掉消振结构的安全阀进行仿真分析，结果表明：所设计的防振液压安全阀具有优异的防振性能，其动态特性、启闭特性均满足要求。最后，利用防振液压安全阀样机进行了性能试验，试验数据验证了仿真结果的准确性，为防振液压安全阀的设计及液压系统的消振研究提供了一定的参考依据。     

Finite element modeling and simulation of proposed design magneto-rheological valve

Magneto-rheological (MR) valve is one of the devices generally used to control the speed of Hydraulic actuator of MR fluid. The performance of valve depends on the magnetic circuit design. Present study deals with a new design of MR valve. A mathematical model for the MR valve is developed and the simulation is carried out to evaluate the newly developed MR valve. The design of the magnetic circuit is accomplished by magnetic finite element software such as Finite Element Method Magnetic (FEMMR). The model dimensions of MR valve, material properties are taken into account. The results of analysis are presented in terms of magnetic strength H and magnetic flux density B. The simulation results based on the proposed model indicate that the efficiency of the proposed MR valve is superior to two other types of MR valves, under the same magnetic flux density. As a conclusion, the new valve design has improved the efficiency of MR valve significantly.     

Magneto-rheological directional control valve

The main part in hydraulic system is directional control valve. Directional control valve has complex construction such as moving spool to control the direction of actuator for required speed. Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid is one of controllable fluids. Utilizing the MR fluid properties, direct interface can be realized between magnetic field and fluid power without the need for moving parts like spool in directional control valves. This study proposes the design of four ways/three position MR proportional directional control valve (4/3 MR valve). The construction of valve and the principle of work are presented. Analysis for magnetic circuit and simulation for valve performance were done. The experiment was conducted to show the principle work of the valve functionally. Design and finite elements analysis using FEMM software of the MR valves were done to reach the optimal design. The valve works proportionally to control the direction and speed of hydraulic actuators. As the result, the optimal design of the valve achieved the optimum performance. The experimental result demonstrates the operation of 4/3 MR valve in 12 configurations. The 4/3 MR valve can replace many types of the spool directional control valve for controlling hydraulic actuator.     

Water Hydraulic 2/2 Directional Valve with Plane Piston Structure

Due to the fire resistance and environmental compatibility, using water as the working fluid in hydraulic circuits is receiving an increasing attention by both manufactures and users. This hydraulic directional valve is developed. When new water hydraulic directional valve is designed and manufactured, this paper introduces a water hydraulic 2/2 directional valve and its principle. The valve is composed of a hydraulically operated seat valve and a magnetic 3/2 direction valve. Aimed at the serious leakage and impact generating easily in reversing suddenly, an improved structure of water space seal is changed to direct seal, compaction force between main valve spool and main valve pocket was logically designed and damper in pilot valve port is matched with sensitive cavity in main valve. From the view of flow control, the methods of cavitation resistance of the directional water hydraulic valve are investigated. The computational fluid dynamics approaches are applied to obtain static pressure distributions and cavitation images in the channel of the main stage of the valve with two kinds of structure. The results show that the method of optimized spout can effectively restrain cavitation. The work provides some useful reference for developing water hydraulic control valve with the Dower noise and lower vibration. Meantime, the structural parameters are optimized on the basis of information obtained from simulation. Static test, dynamic test and life test are accomplished, and the results show that the water hydraulic directional valve possesses good property, its pressure loss is 1.1 MPa lower, switching time is shorter than 0.025 s, and its strike crest is 0.8 MPa lower. The valve possess fine dynamic performance with the characteristic rapidly action and lower implusion.     

一种工作辊精细冷却喷嘴电磁阀的设计与仿真分析

分别建立了圆柱形螺线管电磁阀、矩形铁芯电磁阀的ANSYS模型并求解,得出了磁场强度大小分布情况,得到电磁力与铁芯结构变化的规律和电磁力与电流、线圈匝数的变化规律。在线圈匝数、电流相同的情况下,矩形铁芯电磁阀产生的电磁力可比圆柱铁芯大125%,在要求一定的电磁力的情况下,矩形铁芯阀体可小型化,为精细冷却喷射梁上的喷嘴紧凑设计提供了理论依据。     

Modeling,simulation and experimental validation of flow rate of electro-hydraulic hitch control valve of agricultural tractor

Advances in non-linear control theory have made it possible to develop controllers for non-linear dynamic systems in their nature. The low-cost proportional control valves of the hydraulic control system are examples of such a system where there is no linearity due to the structure of the valves and the flaws in the spool. However, the non-linear analysis and regulation of these hydraulic systems cannot be done without a proper valve model. This paper presents a methodology for the development of an efficient unified model of a three-point hitch (TPH) electro-hydraulic proportional control valve control system for agricultural tractors by means of a parameter estimation technique. Modeling and simulation of the proportional control valve was performed using MATLAB Simulink software. Parameter estimation methodology was used to optimize the effective orifice opening of the solenoid valve to meet the flow characteristics available in the manufacturer's technical data sheet for the proportional control valve model parameters. Such unified Simulink models are useful for simulation, practical capability testing, and non-linear control design. Modeling and simulation of electro-hydraulic hitch (EHH) control valve were made and simulation results were compared with actual experimental results. The simulation results of the TPH lifting and lowering time were found to vary 4 and 12.5 %, respectively with the experimental results. This type of parameterized valve models facilitates their implementation in dynamic simulation models of complex hydraulic systems.