结直肠癌合并肝脏转移的介入治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌合并肝脏转移经导管动脉灌注及栓塞治疗的价值. 资料与方法 35例结直肠癌合并肝脏转移患者,行结直肠肿瘤供血动脉插管灌注化疗和/或栓塞术,同时对肝脏转移瘤行动脉插管灌注化疗栓塞术.其中介入治疗后1～3个月23例患者行结直肠肿瘤外科手术切除,6例肝脏单发转移癌行外科手术切除.结果 所有病例术后1～3个月随访复查CT,结直肠肿块显效11例,有效22例,无效2例;肝脏转移灶显效20例,有效12例,无效3例.23例外科手术切除肿瘤顺利,术中出血300～1500 ml,术后病理提示肿瘤坏死明显,可见纤维组织增生和炎性细胞浸润.6例肝脏转移瘤外科切除,术后病理提示1例未见癌细胞,其余5例可见少量癌细胞,坏死明显.结论 经导管动脉灌注及栓塞治疗结直肠癌合并肝脏转移疗效显著,值得推广.     

胸骨上小切口腔镜辅助下行甲状腺叶切除术17例

目的探讨胸骨上小切口腔镜辅助甲状腺叶切除的方法和效果。方法对17例甲状腺肿瘤患者采用胸骨上2.5~3cm小切口,在腔镜辅助下,应用超声刀行甲状腺叶切除术。结果17例手术均获成功,手术时间30~80min,平均46min。术中出血10~150ml平均30ml无并发症。术后3~7d(平均5d)出院。随访1~3个月,平均1.7个月无复发。结论经胸骨上小切口腔镜辅助下甲状腺叶切除术具有美容和微创的优点,同时与传统手术相比同样具有易操作性。这项技术能够常规应用于甲状腺肿瘤病人。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性结直肠癌切除术的可行性、方法和效果。方法 对2例结肠癌行腹腔镜根治性右半结肠切除，1例直肠癌行腹腔镜Miles根治术。结果 3例均成功完成腹腔镜手术。手术时间：第1例右半结肠切除240min，第2例右半结肠切除270min，Miles手术300min。术中出血量分别为120ml、200ml和150ml。淋巴结清扫数分别为16枚、8枚和5枚。术后胃肠功能恢复时间分别是3d、5d和4d。进流质时间分别是4d、6d和5d。下床活动时间分别为4d、5d和5d。术后近期效果良好，无1例手术并发症。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术是安全、可行的，具有创伤小、术后恢复快等微刨优势，能够达到与开腹手术相当的根治效果。     

直肠癌合并肝转移癌术前介入治疗的临床观察

目的　评价直肠癌合并肝脏转移癌术前介入治疗在肿瘤综合治疗中的价值。方法　采用Seldinger技术对 16例直肠癌合并肝脏转移癌的患者进行术前肝脏及直肠局部介入化疗 ,其中 6例对肝脏转移灶进行栓塞。术后 3周进行手术治疗。结果　进行局部化疗后临床症状明显缓解 ,手术安全进行 ,有 5例进行了根治性治疗 ,切除直肠及肝脏转移灶 ,14例原发灶完整切除。手术中出血减少 ,肿瘤易于剥离。结论　术前进行介入治疗不影响手术的安全性 ,可减少术中出血 ,提高手术切除率 ,减少术中扩散。在综合治疗中起相当重要的作用     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术16例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的疗效及临床价值。方法对16例患者行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,其中肾细胞癌11例,肾错构瘤5例。肿瘤直径1.0~4.5cm。结果16例患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间50~210min,平均约110min。肾动脉阻断时间15~55min,平均32min。术中出血量30~600ml,平均约150ml。1例输血约400ml。术后住院7~10d,恢复良好。随访1~48个月,无肿瘤复发。结论后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术是一种损伤小、恢复快、安全、可行的治疗方法。     

CT导向射频消融术治疗肝脏肿瘤

目的:探讨CT导向下经皮肝穿刺射频消融(radiofrequency,RFA)治疗肝脏肿瘤的安全性和有效性。方法:原发和转移性肝脏肿瘤28例,采用Radoionics中空冷却射频仪在CT引导下将射频电极置于肝肿瘤内,同时置入20G的穿刺针,从穿刺针中注入生理盐水5~10ml后进行治疗。并随访6~36个月,运用螺旋CT三期扫描评价治疗效果。结果:28例肝脏肿瘤,病灶32个,原发者20例,转移者8例,肿瘤最大直径≤3cm为26个,肿瘤直径在3~5cm之间为6个,经过RFA治疗,肿瘤完全坏死为25个,部分坏死占7个。6个月生存率100%,12个月生存率71.4%(20/28),生存36个月1例,部分病例还在随访中,未见其他严重并发症。结论:CT导向下经皮肝穿刺射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。对于肿瘤直径≤3cm的肝脏肿瘤治疗效果较佳。     

直肠癌术后局部复发再切除14例

目的　评价直肠癌局部复发再切除的结果和影响根治性再切除存活率的因素。方法　回顾性分析 1992年 1月—2 0 0 0年 1月 14例直肠癌术后局部复发接受再次切除病人的临床病理资料。结果　术中平均输血 170 0ml,这反映了肿瘤侵犯邻近脏器和盆壁给手术造成的困难程度。无手术死亡 ,10例获得了较长的存活期。结论　直肠癌术后局部复发的再次切除常为涉及邻近脏器切除的重大手术 ,局部复发的早期诊断可提高切除率和存活率 ,部分病人可获得较长的存活期。女病人盆腔结构便于操作 ,根治性切除的机率较高 ,效果也较好     

三维可视化技术在Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌计划性肝切除中的应用

 目的 探讨三维可视化技术在Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌计划性肝切除中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2015-01至2017-12上海东方肝胆外科医院收治的Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌36例患者的临床资料,应用三维可视化技术将患者320层螺旋二维CT图像进行三维可视化重建,通过观察肿瘤的部位、大小,与周围门静脉、肝动脉、肝静脉、肝内胆管之间的关系,进行肿瘤的可切除性评估,残肝体积比<40%,通过患侧门静脉栓塞、健侧胆道引流使残肝体积再生,残肝体积比>40%后按计划实施根治性切除,比较仿真手术与实际手术的区别。结果 应用三维可视化重建技术,立体形象地显示肿瘤与周围毗邻的关系,对肿瘤进行Bismuth-Corlette分型,Ⅲa型16例,Ⅲb型8例,Ⅳ12例。测量平均全肝体积(1386±146)ml,肿瘤平均体积(76±22)ml,预切除平均肝体积(896±168)ml,残肝平均体积(490±172)ml,残肝比(34.5±3.6)%,通过行健侧胆道引流患侧门静脉栓塞后,使残肝比>40%,均顺利按计划行肝门部胆管癌根治性切除。肿瘤三维重建后诊断分型准确率100%,重建模型解剖关系与术中实际情况大致相符。术前预切除肝脏体积和术后实际肝脏体积无统计学差异(t=1.148)。结论 三维可视化技术能够对肝门部胆管癌术前进行精确评估、精准规划,优化治疗方案,提高根治性切除(radical resection,R0)手术率。     

直肠癌合并肝转移癌术前介入治疗的临床观察

目的:评价直肠癌合并肝脏转移癌术前介入治疗在肿瘤综合治疗中的价值。方法:采用Seldinger技术对16例直肠癌合并肝脏转移癌的患者进行术前肝脏及直肠局部介入化疗,其中6例对肝脏转移灶进行栓塞。术后3周进行手术治疗。结果:进行局部化疗后临床症状明显缓解,手术安全进行,有5例进行了根治性治疗,切除直肠及肝脏转移灶,14例原发灶完整切除。手术中出血减少,肿瘤易于剥离。结论:术前进行介入治疗不影响手术的安全性,可减少术中出血,提高手术切除率,减少术中扩散。在综合治疗中起相当重要的作用。     

结,直肠癌术后孤立性肺转移

目的：探讨结、直肠癌术后肺孤立性转移瘤的影像表现，与原发肺癌的鉴别。材料与方法：３１年间１３例结、直肠癌术后肺孤立肿物，均经手术切除及病理证实。转移性腺癌１１例１３次，原发肺癌２例。结、直肠癌切除与肺转移瘤切除间隔时间为３￣９６个月，中位３３个月。均有正侧位胸片，病灶体层和ＣＴ各６例。结果：肿物直肠１．５￣８．５ｃｍ（中位３．４ｃｍ），类圆形３例，椭圆形８例１０个，浅分叶１０例；边缘光整８例１０个     

Lung-conserving treatment of a pulmonary oligometastasis with a wedge resection and 131Cs brachytherapy

PurposeSoft-tissue sarcomas most frequently metastasize to the lung. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases is the primary treatment modality. Although lobectomy is widely acknowledged as the standard procedure to treat primary pulmonary tumors, the standard for pulmonary metastases is not well defined; furthermore, compromised lung function may tip the scales in favor of a less invasive approach. Here, we report the results of a patient treated with wedge resection and intraoperative cesium-131 (¹³¹Cs).Methods and MaterialsA 58-year-old African American female was diagnosed with the American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IIA mixed uterine leiomyosarcoma and underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by adjuvant external beam radiotherapy to a total dose of 45 Gy and vaginal brachytherapy to a total dose of 20 Gy. At 2 years, a routine CT scan of the chest revealed metastasis to right upper lobe of the lung. The patient's poor pulmonary function, related to a 45 pack-year smoking history and chronic emphysema, precluded a lobectomy.ResultsAfter the patient underwent a lung-sparing wedge resection of the pulmonary right upper lobe metastasis and intraoperative brachytherapy with ¹³¹Cs seeds to a total dose of 80 Gy, she remained disease free in the implanted area. At a 2-year followup, imaging continued to reveal 100% local control of the area treated with wedge resection and intraoperative ¹³¹Cs brachytherapy. The patient had no complications from this treatment.ConclusionsSuch treatment approach may become an attractive option in patients with oligometastatic disease and compromised pulmonary function.     

Colorectal carcinoma metastases in liver: laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy--local tumor control rate and survival data

PURPOSE: To evaluate the local tumor control and survival data for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) of colorectal liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging-guided LITT was performed in 603 patients (mean age, 61.2 years) with 1,801 liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Survival rates were calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Local tumor control and tumor volume were evaluated with nonenhanced and contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. Indications for the procedure were defined for patients with five or fewer metastases, none of which were larger than 5 cm in diameter. The indications included recurrent liver metastases after partial liver resection in 37.6% of study patients, metastases in both liver lobes in 32.5%, locally nonresectable lesions in 11.3%, general contraindications for surgery in 4.6%, and refusal to undergo surgical resection in 13.9%. RESULTS: Local recurrence rate at 6-month follow-up was 1.9% (nine of 474) for metastases up to 2 cm in diameter, 2.4% (13 of 539) for metastases 2.1-3.0 cm in diameter, 1.2% (four of 327) for metastases 3.1-4.0 cm in diameter, and 4.4% (13 of 294) for metastases larger than 4 cm in diameter. The mean survival rate for all treated patients, with calculation started on the date of diagnosis of the metastases (which were treated with LITT) was 4.4 years (95% CI: 4.0, 4.8) (1-year survival, 94%; 2-year survival, 77%; 3-year survival, 56%; 5-year survival, 37%). Median survival was 3.5 years (95% CI: 3.0, 3.9). Mean survival after the first LITT treatment was 3.8 years (95% CI: 3.4, 4.2). Median survival was 2.9 years (95% CI: 2.4, 3.3). CONCLUSION: MR imaging-guided LITT yields high local tumor control and survival rates in well-selected patients with limited liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma.     

Detection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: comparison of intraoperative US and CT during arterial portography.

A prospective study was performed to compare the sensitivities of intraoperative ultrasound (US) and computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) in the depiction of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Twenty-five patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer were evaluated. All patients underwent partial hepatectomy, and 56 metastases were pathologically proved. Preoperatively, CTAP depicted 51 of the 56 metastases (91%). Intraoperative US depicted 54 of the 56 metastases (96%). Intraoperative US depicted three metastases (5%) that were not depicted with CTAP and two that were missed with palpation (3%). Furthermore, intraoperative US did not demonstrate any false-positive lesions. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the two techniques. The authors concluded that intraoperative US does not enable detection of more liver metastases from colorectal cancer when CTAP is considered as the preoperative standard of reference. Nevertheless, the results of the study suggest that intraoperative US and CTAP are complementary techniques, and the preoperative use of CTAP for determining the feasibility of hepatic resection cannot prevent the use of intraoperative US.     

Usefulness of intraoperative sonography for revealing hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in patients selected for surgery after undergoing FDG PET.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG and intraoperative sonography with the standard of histologic examination of resected liver specimens in evaluating patients for curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 47 patients with recurrent colorectal cancer who underwent surgical exploration for possible curative resection of hepatic metastases. All patients underwent CT or MR imaging and FDG PET preoperatively and intraoperative sonography. The performance of the imaging techniques was evaluated through review of the radiologic reports and correlation with surgical and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Eighty-seven malignant hepatic lesions were identified by histopathologic analysis of liver specimens, and 23 benign hepatic abnormalities were documented histopathologically or by uroradiologic imaging. For hepatic sections characterized as containing metastases by radiologic imaging, the positive predictive value for FDG PET was 93% (54/58); for intraoperative sonography, 87% (52/60); and for conventional imaging, 83% (43/52). For individual lesions characterized as probably malignant, the positive predictive value for FDG PET was 93% (62/68); for intraoperative sonography, 89% (63/71); and for conventional imaging, 78% (46/59). The findings at intraoperative sonography led to a change in the clinical treatment of only one patient (2%). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that FDG PET effectively screens potential candidates for curative liver resection. Although intraoperative sonography helps to determine the anatomic location of metastases thus facilitating surgical resection, its adjunctive use in patients screened preoperatively by FDG PET has limited impact on treatment selection.     

Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of liver tumors in the caudate lobe

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for liver tumors located in the caudate lobe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients (46-79 years of age; median, 70 y), eight with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis and two with colorectal metastases in the caudate lobe, were treated with 5.8% NaCl tissue-perfused monopolar (n=7) or bipolar (n=3) RF ablation. The median tumor diameter was 41 mm (range, 25-70 mm). Procedures were performed under ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) guidance in eight and two patients, respectively. One month later, the treatment response was assessed by CT. RESULTS: Transhepatic right intercostal and transomental anterior epigastric routes were used for tumor puncture in eight and two patients, respectively. The entire RF ablation treatment required one or two procedures (median, 1.5), including two to 15 electrode repositionings (median, 6). After RF ablation procedure, one patient experienced jaundice that resolved spontaneously. In one patient, CT follow-up showed asymptomatic segmental biliary duct dilations. Median total hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2-9 d). Complete ablation was achieved in nine of 10 tumors. In one patient, ethanol ablation was necessary to complete RF ablation treatment. After a median follow up of 9.5 months (range, 5-25 mo), three patients remained tumor-free and seven had tumor relapse: two local, four distant, and one mixed. Repeat RF ablation was successfully performed in four cases. CONCLUSION: RF ablation of liver tumors located in the caudate lobe is effective despite the deep location of tumors and the vicinity of major vessels.     

Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: long-term survival

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy with regard to long-term survival and rate of complications in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 102 patients were included and treated with RFA. In 100 patients, resection was not possible; two patients refused surgery. The patients had a total of 332 colorectal liver metastases. Pre- and post-treatment evaluation was performed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Survival from time of diagnosis of liver metastases was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Complications were recorded as minor or major in accordance with the definitions of the Society for Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. RESULTS: Estimated median survival from time of diagnosis of liver metastases was 52 months (95% CI 34-82). Estimated 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival was 96%, 79%, 64%, 52%, and 44%, respectively. Minor complications were recorded following seven RFA treatments (4.0%) and major complications following 12 RFA treatments (6.9%). CONCLUSION: RFA is an effective method to treat liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Survival is improved and comparable with survival following surgical resection. The rate of complications is low.     

Hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: influence of hepatic volumetric analysis on surgical decision making.

A prospective study was performed to determine the impact of preoperative assessment of estimated postoperative liver volume on surgical decision making for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Assessment of estimated postoperative liver volume was performed before surgery in 25 patients. Mean estimated postoperative liver volume +/- standard deviation (SD) was 697 cm3 +/- 317 (range, 320-1,532 cm3). Mean relative estimated postoperative liver volume +/- SD was 51% +/- 16 (range, 20%-90%). In two patients, relative estimated postoperative liver volumes of less than 35% prevented resection. These two patients underwent preoperative portal vein embolization, which resulted in marked hypertrophy of the unembolized healthy part of the liver and subsequent safe resection. Before surgery, all patients had a relative estimated postoperative liver volume of greater than 35%, and no cases of postoperative liver failure occurred. The results demonstrated that assessment of estimated postoperative liver volume provides vital preoperative data for reducing the risk of postoperative liver failure.     

Safety of simultaneous colon and liver resection for colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND/AIM: Surgical strategy for the treatment of resectable synchronous hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess safety of simultaneous colon and liver rese cions and the direct effects of this type of treatment upon morbidity and mortality of the patients with synchronus hepatic metastases of CRC. METHODS: Intraoperative and postoperative data of 31 patients with simultaneous liver and colorectal resection were compared with the data of 51 patients who had undergone colon and hepatic resection in the staging setting. Analized were demographic data, number of metastases, type of the liver resection, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, percentage of postoperative complications, morbidity and mortality and lenght of hospitalisation. RESULTS: In the group of the patients operated simultaneously 5 hepatectomies, 3 sectionectomies, 2 trisegmentectomies, 3 bisegmentectomy, 6 segmentectomies, and 12 metastasectomies were combined with colon resection. In this group operation time (280 vs. 330 minutes) and in traoperative blood loss (450 vs. 820 ml) were lower than those in the two staged operation group. Postoperative complication rate was lower in the simultaneous group (19.35%o) than in the two-staged operation group (19.60%), without statistical significance. There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The patients having simultaneous resection required fewer days in the hospital (median 10.2 days) than the patients undergone operation in the two stage (18.34 days). CONCLUSION: By avoiding a second laparotomy, overall operation time, blood loss, hospital stay and complication rate are reduced with no change in hospital mortality, so simultaneous colon and hepatic resection performed by the competent surgeons are safe and efficient for the treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.     

Indikationen und Ergebnisse der Lebermetastasenresektion

Liver resection with curative intent for metastastic disease can be performed at low operative morbidity and mortality (< 3%). Most data relate to colorectal metastases. Five year survival following primary and repeat liver resection is consistently reported as 25-30% and has not been improved by adjuvant chemotherapy. Options for improvement of prognosis by purely technical means appear limited. Instead, future strategies should aim at increasing the number of patients amenable to potentially curative liver resection. This could be achieved by earlier diagnosis, by combination of surgical resection with neoadjuvant treatment or thermoablation, by selective portal embolisation as well as further surgical specialisation. The search for effective adjuvant therapy should continue.     

Five-year survival following radiofrequency ablation of small, solitary, hepatic colorectal metastases

PURPOSE: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an increasingly accepted treatment for nonsurgical candidates with a limited number of colorectal hepatic metastases. RF ablation is most effective in tumors smaller than 4.0 cm. This report describes 5-year survival in patients with single tumors with a maximum diameter of 4 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty of 291 patients (14%; 24 men, 16 women; mean age, 67 years; age range, 34-86 y) with no or treated extrahepatic disease were identified who were not candidates for resection and who had a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Sixteen had undergone hepatic resection and two had undergone lung resection and lung ablation. Thirty-two (80%) received chemotherapy. Thirty-five were treated under general anesthesia and five under conscious sedation. Our standard ablation protocol used internally water-cooled electrodes introduced percutaneously with ultrasonography and computed tomography guidance and monitoring. Follow-up data were obtained from primary care physicians or oncologists. RESULTS: Mean tumor diameter was 2.3 cm (range, 0.8-4.0 cm). There were two successfully treated systemic complications: a chest infection and an exacerbation of asthma. There were no local complications. Mean follow-up was 38 months (range, 6-132 months). The median survival duration and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 59 months and 97%, 84%, 40%, respectively, after ablation; and 63 months, 100%, 88%, and 54%, respectively, from the diagnosis of liver metastases. History of liver resection did not impact survival. CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation of solitary liver metastases 4 cm or smaller can be performed with minimal morbidity and results in excellent long-term survival, approaching that of surgical resection, even in patients who are not surgical candidates.