保存角膜与新鲜角膜行大植片穿透角膜移植的临床研究

目的:比较用保存和新鲜的角膜植片行大植片穿透性角膜移植术后的临床疗效和并发症。方法:回顾性分析2003-12/2006-12我院收治的角膜严重病变并须行大植片穿透角膜移植的患者108例(116眼),其中用保存角膜植片移植治疗63眼,用新鲜角膜植片移植治疗53眼。比较两组术后的视力改变、角膜植片及并发症情况。结果:保存角膜植片移植组的视力提高44眼(69.8%),稳定10眼(15.9%),下降9眼(14.3%),植片排斥反应8眼(12.7%);新鲜角膜移植组的视力提高24眼(45.3%),稳定17眼(32.1%),下降12眼(22.6%),植片排斥反应15眼(28.3%)。两组术后的视力和植片排斥反应率均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:大植片穿透性角膜移植时,保存的植片较新鲜植片能降低移植术后的免疫排斥发生率,延长植片的存活时间。     

高危角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应规律的临床研究

目的 探讨不同病因的高危移植患者行穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应发生的规律。方法 对６８０例行穿透性角膜移植术中的１２４例１３４只眼高危移植患者术后排斥反应时间、排斥反应发生率及反应类型进行观察。结果 １３４只眼高危角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应发生率在１２％～７５％不等,其中角膜植床严重新生血管化者的排斥率最高。排斥发生时间最早为术后１３天,术后３～６个月为排斥反应发生高峰。排斥反应类型以内皮型和上皮型最多。结论 不同高危因素的穿透性角膜移植术后排斥反应发生率不同,排斥反应发生的时间和类型也不同。     

他克莫司滴眼液预防高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的研究

目的观察他克莫司滴眼液预防高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的效果。方法回顾性研究。选取山东省眼科医院2013年至2015年间成功施行角膜移植术的高危免疫排斥患者48例(50只眼),根据术后局部免疫抑制剂使用种类,分为他克莫司组23例(25只眼)和环孢素组25例(25只眼)。术前对所有患者进行排斥风险评分,以排斥反应指数(RI)判断是否出现植片免疫排斥反应,当RI≥5时视为发生免疫排斥反应,所有患者术后随访1年,对比1年内患者术后植片免疫排斥发生率。结果两组各25只眼,排斥风险评分他克莫司组与环孢素组不具有统计学差异(t=0.65,P=0.52>0.05)。术后1年内免疫排斥发生率,环孢素组10例(10只眼)发生排斥,免疫排斥发生率为40.00%,他克莫司组3例(3只眼)发生排斥,免疫排斥发生率为12.00%,他克莫司组免疫排斥率明显低于环孢素组,差异具有显著性(χ~2=5.09,P<0.05)。结论他克莫司滴眼液对高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应有较好的预防和治疗作用。     

高危角膜移植的围手术期治疗

目的　探讨高危角膜移植患者围手术期的处理措施 ,以降低术后免疫排斥反应率。方法　对 6 80例有完整随访记录的穿透性角膜移植中的 12 4例 (137眼 )高危角膜移植患者 ,分别在围手术期 (术前、术中、术后早期 )进行相应处理。结果　经围手术期处理后 ,本组 137眼高危患者穿透性角膜移植后的免疫排斥率为 37% ,植片透明率为 80 .1% .结论　重视高危角膜移植围手术期的处理 ,是减少术后免疫排斥反应和提高植片透明率的重要措施     

角膜移植术后角膜免疫排斥反应的临床探讨

目的 探讨角膜移植术后角膜免疫排斥反应的有效防治方法。方法 对穿透角膜移植术后发生角膜免疫排斥反应的68例(68眼)进行回顾性总结。 结果 经统计学分析结果表明:角膜化学烧伤、角膜新生血管、大植片移植、术前活动性角膜炎症、再次移植等均为穿透角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的主要因素。 结论 免疫排斥反应的发生与术前高危角膜移植有着非常密切的关系。     

穿透性角膜移植排斥反应危险因素分析

目的:探讨穿透性角膜移植术后植片排斥的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2001-01/2008-01实施穿透性角膜移植发生排斥反应的病例,分析各因素在植片排斥反应病例中所占的比率及各种病例中植片排斥的发生率。结果:总排斥反应率为31.0%,其中普通组为25.5%,高危组为59.4%(P<0.05)。眼部化学伤排斥反应发生率最高48.1%(P<0.05)。高危组发生排斥反应早且病情严重。结论:引起角膜植片排斥的多种因素中,不同疾病的穿透性角膜移植的发生率不同,排斥反应的发生与术前原发病,植床情况,手术设计操作术后预防有密切关系,其中植床新生血管是植片排斥的高危因素。     

保存角膜行植床带周边后板层大植片PKP的临床观察

目的:评价用保存角膜行植床带周边后板层的大植片穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)的临床疗效和并发症。方法:回顾性分析2003-12/2006-12我院收治的角膜严重病变的患者108例(116眼),其中用保存角膜联合植床带周边后板层大植片穿透性角膜移植治疗63眼为改良组用传统手术方式新鲜角膜植片移植治疗53眼。比较两组术后的角膜植片、排斥反应及并发症情况。结果:改良手术组治疗的63眼中,8眼(12.7%)发生不同程度的植片排斥反应、术后浅前房2眼(3.2%)、虹膜前粘连1眼(1.6%)、继发青光眼2眼(3.2%);传统手术组治疗的53眼中,植片排斥反应15眼(28.3%)、术后浅前房11眼(20.8%)、虹膜前粘连8眼(15.1%)、继发青光眼6眼(11.3%)。两组的术后的植片排斥反应率和并发症有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:用保存角膜联合植床带周边后板层行大植片穿透性角膜移植术是降低术后免疫排斥反应,延长植片的存活时间的有效方法。     

角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应34例分析

目的 探讨角膜移植术后发生排斥反应的相关因素。方法 我院1999年5月～2003年5月间行角膜移植手术80例(84只眼)，对术后发生排斥反应的34例(36只眼)进行回顾性总结分析。结果 84只眼中发生排斥反应36只眼(42．5％)。角膜新生血管者为20只眼，儿童患者4只眼。发生排斥反应的时间为术后20天～2年。术后3～6月发生率最高。上皮型10只眼，上皮下型1只眼。基质型8只眼，内皮型17只眼。角膜移植片透明愈合28只眼，半透明愈合6只眼，移植片完全混浊2只眼。结论 高危角膜移植、儿童术后随诊不及时、用药不科学等，都是角膜移植病人术后发生排斥反应的因素。     

穿透角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应高危因素分析

为确立角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的有效防治策略。对穿透角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥反应的８６个病例（１００只眼）进行回顾性总结。统计分析结果表明：血管化角膜、大植片移植、植床术前的活动性炎症，偏中心移植、多次移植、联合手术均应视为穿透角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的高危因素，而移植片上皮反复脱落、旧病复发、术眼再次手术、缝线松解与拆线等可能是诱导排斥反应发生的促发因素。结论：从分子水平减少供受体间的抗原差异，研制新一代高效安全的免疫抑制剂、创造免疫耐度的理想环境可能是控制高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的有效防治措施。     

角膜缘上皮移植联合穿透性角膜移植治疗陈旧性眼化学伤与热烧伤

目的:通过角膜缘上皮移植,改善化学伤与热烧伤穿透性角膜移植片的预后。方法:严重陈旧性眼化学伤与热烧伤26例28眼,12眼施行角膜缘移植联合部分穿透性角膜移植术,与16眼单纯施行部分穿透性角膜移植术作对照。结果:联合手术组,追踪5～28个月,植片透明率75％,9眼有效地阻止了植片新生血管和假性胬肉的复发,排斥反应发生率33.3％。对照组角膜植片血管新生较多,植片透明率为25％,持续性角膜上皮缺损发生率为50％,排斥反应发生率50％。结论:对严重陈旧性眼部化学伤与热烧伤,施行角膜缘移植联合部分穿透性角膜移植术,有预防术后合并症和改善植片预后的作用。眼科学报1997;13:213—216。     

穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植术的观察

目的　观察穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植术的临床疗效。方法　将 61例 (61眼 )患者分为两组 ,一组 3 0例 (3 0眼 )进行部分穿透性角膜移植 (PKP)术 ,另一组 3 1例 (3 1眼 )进行穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植 (PKP +LKP)术 ,比较其临床疗效。结果　PKP组中有 12例的植片发生了免疫排斥反应 ,其中 2例 (2眼 )因植片血管化而导致植片浑浊。PKP+FLT组穿透植片 4例发生排斥反应。两组进行 χ2 检验 ,P <0 0 5。结论　对于合并有局部新生血管的角膜白斑患者 ,PKP+FLT术较传统的PKP术有更好的临床效果。     

Immunologic rejection of the central graft after limbal allograft transplantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty

PURPOSE: To study the incidence and prognosis of immunologic rejection of the central graft after limbal allograft transplantation (keratolimbal allograft transplantation [KLAT]) combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). METHODS: Endothelial rejection in central penetrating graft after simultaneous KLAT and PKP using the same donor cornea was retrospectively studied. Incidence, reversibility, prognosis, and changes in limbal grafts were examined. RESULTS: Forty-five eyes underwent simultaneous PKP and KLAT. Endothelial rejection of the central graft was found in 16 eyes (35.6%). At last examination, 10 grafts (62.5%) restored clarity after immunosuppressive therapy. During rejection episodes, four eyes showed engorgement of vessels in limbal grafts, which existed before the episodes. Only one eye developed neovascularization with mild edema of the limbal grafts; however, no other limbal grafts showed abnormalities on biomicroscopy. No epithelial changes were noted, and 14 grafts (87.5%) were covered by corneal epithelium after the rejection. CONCLUSION: Approximately one third of eyes had endothelial rejection in the central graft after simultaneous KLAT and PKP. Abnormalities suggestive of rejection in the limbal grafts were seldom observed in these eyes, suggesting that immunologic response was different in central and limbal grafts.     

深低温保存异体角膜缘干细胞羊膜移植治疗重度眼表疾病

目的 应用以羊膜为载体的深低温保存的角膜缘干细胞同种异体移植术治疗重度眼表疾病。方法 19例19眼重度眼表疾病患者采用羊膜移植联合深低温保存的角膜缘干细胞同种异体移植，2例术后半年行穿透性角膜移植术，随访观察术后疗效。结果 14例平均随访超过一年，眼表结构恢复正常，整个角膜上皮未见结膜杯状细胞，保存了眼球，视力均有不同程度的提高；1例植片脱落；4例发生角膜自溶的免疫排斥反应。结论 羊膜移植联合深低温保存的角膜缘干细胞同种异体移植术对于重度眼表疾病患者能快速、稳定的促进角膜表面重新上皮化，是一项可采纳的技术。     

Donor source affects the outcome of ocular surface reconstruction in chemical or thermal burns of the cornea

PURPOSE: To study the association between surgical approach and postoperative results in chemical and thermal burns of the cornea. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional, noncomparable case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with chemical (n = 27) or thermal (n = 5) burns of the cornea that were associated with total limbal dysfunction. Eight eyes had a history of previous keratoplasty. INTERVENTION: Patients were treated by amniotic membrane transplantation combined with either conjunctivolimbal autograft transplantation (autograft group, n = 11) or keratolimbal allograft transplantation (allograft group, n = 21). Fifteen eyes had simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty (simultaneous group), and 6 had keratoplasty several months after ocular surface reconstruction (2-step group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reconstruction of the corneal surface by corneal epithelium, clarity of the cornea, and incidence of postoperative complications. The outcome was compared between the autograft and allograft groups and also between the simultaneous and 2-step groups. RESULTS: At final examination, 17 eyes (53.1%) showed stable corneal epithelialization. Preoperative conditions were similar in the autograft and allograft groups and also in the simultaneous and 2-step groups. The autograft group showed significantly better results than the allograft group in both corneal epithelialization (Kaplan-Meier analysis, P = 0.003) and clear cornea (P = 0.010). Although the incidences of corneal epithelialization and clear corneas did not significantly differ between the simultaneous and 2-step groups, the former had a higher rate of endothelial rejection in the central graft (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: In chemical or thermal burns of the cornea with monocular involvement, autografting should be considered as a first choice of surgery. Even in eyes with opaque corneal stroma, it may be safer to perform ocular surface reconstruction first, followed by keratoplasty as a secondary procedure.     

Outcomes of combined penetrating keratoplasty and cataract extraction compared with penetrating keratoplasty alone

PURPOSE: To compare the rejection rates, graft failure rates, mean visual, keratometric and refractive outcomes of combined penetrating keratoplasty and cataract extraction with penetrating keratoplasty alone. METHODS: A retrospective study of all patients who had combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction/intraocular lens insertion (49 eyes; mean age 65.3 years; mean follow up 17 months) compared with all patients who had keratoplasty only (58 eyes; mean age 64.0 years; mean follow up 14 months). RESULTS: One hundred and seven eyes in 99 patients had keratoplasty in the period and were included in the study. The most common indication for keratoplasty in patients who had triple procedures was Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (24.5%). During the study seven (6.5%) grafts failed and four (3.7%) had allogenic rejection without failure during this period. There was no statistical difference between the graft survival rates of the two study groups. The mean postoperative logMAR visual acuity (VA) was 0.42 and postoperative VA of 6/12 or better was seen in 71% of patients. Mean postoperative corneal curvature was 44.6 dioptres (D), mean corneal astigmatism was -4.0 D and was >or=5 D in 38%. Mean double-angle Cartesian coordinates for corneal astigmatism were x-0.87 D and y-0.29 D. Mean best sphere of postoperative refractions was -0.61 D and mean absolute refractive error was 2.2 D. There was no statistically significant difference in VA, keratometric or refractive outcome measures between the two study groups. CONCLUSION: Over a short follow up, keratoplasty combined with cataract extraction/intraocular lens insertion showed a similar risk of graft failure or allogenic graft rejection when compared with keratoplasty alone and we recommend the triple procedure for quicker visual recovery and less operative procedures.     

Retrospective evaluation of risk factors for graft rejection in patients after corneal transplantation performed at the Eye Clinic in the years 2001-2003

The aim of the study was retrospective evaluation of risk factors for graft rejection in patients after corneal transplantation performed in Department of Ophthalmology in years 2001-2003. 349 cases of penetrating keratoplasty, lamellar, or penetrating with limbal graft, were analyzed. Deep stromal vascularization, anterior synechiae, the use of topical glaucoma medications, previous inflammations in anterior segment of the eye and surgical procedures were evaluated. Period from transplantation to rejection, number of relapses of rejection and changes of visual acuity were also estimated. Corneal graft rejection occurred more frequently in patients with one or more risk factors, particularly deep stromal vascularization, the use of topical glaucoma medications and in young age.     

Automatized large diameter lamellar keratoplasty and stem cell transplantation for the treatment of ocular surface diseases with limbal insufficiency

PURPOSE: To report a new surgical procedure for the treatment of ocular surface diseases associated with severe limbal insufficiency. METHODS: A retrospective review of four patients with severe ocular surface disease who required stem cell transplantation and keratoplasty for the correction of limbal insufficiencies. They underwent large diameter lamellar keratoplasty with microkeratome. When limbal dysfunction was associated with limited alteration of the ocular surface and transparent deep corneal stroma only the anterior corneal stroma was transplanted. When the entire corneal thickness was compromised, both anterior and deep donor buttons were transplanted. RESULTS: Patients remained stable and improved their visual acuity after surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/30. No corneal graft rejections were found. The main complication found in one of our patients was a central stromal opacity which required a secondary penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Automatized large diameter lamellar keratoplasty provides a safe and successful alternative to limbal transplantation for limbal insufficiency associated with corneal opacity. This technique enables a single-stage surgical procedure and the use of a single donor which reduces the risk of rejection. In addition, better refractive results are achieved due to the quality of the interface and the absence of corneal sutures.     

角膜移植治疗角膜及眼表疾病98例临床分析

目的分析穿透性角膜移植及板层角膜移植治疗角膜疾病及眼表疾病的临床特点。方法回顾性研究穿透性角膜移植、板层角膜移植及板层角膜移植联合羊膜移植手术共98例（101眼）,观察术后视力、排斥反应、继发青光眼及原发病复发。随访6～24月,平均12．8月。结果穿透性角膜移植术79例（82眼）巾,62例（78．48％）术后视力较术前有提高,排斥反应11例（12眼）,原发病复发3例（3眼）,继发青光眼10例（10眼）。板层角膜移植术后视力无明显变化,排斥反应1例（1眼）,未见原发病复发及继发青光眼。结论角膜移植是治疗严重角膜疾病及眼表疾病有效手术方式,积极预防及治疗术后并发症可以提高角膜移植成功率。     

部分带板层角膜巩膜植片偏中心治疗性穿透角膜移植

目的 探讨病变偏于一侧时穿透性角膜移植,保留健康角膜,降低排斥反应和减少角膜散光的方法。方法 病灶一侧制作偏中心板层角巩膜植床,切除病变。在供眼取相同位置植片,角巩膜交界处标记。对16例偏中心角膜病变患者实施带板层角膜巩膜植片偏中心穿透角膜移膜术。术后随访6月～2年。结果 12例移植片透明,11例裸眼视力0.1以上,其中6例0.4以上。结论 带板层角巩膜植片的偏中心治疗性穿透性角膜移植术,能有效地保留健康角膜,降低排斥反应和减少散光,且获取较佳视力。     

联合自-异体穿透性角膜移植减少排斥反应研究

目的：观察联合自－异体穿透性角膜移植术后植片排斥反应的发生率和疗效。方法：对25例角膜病灶靠近边缘的患者,采用周边部新月形自体植片及中央部异体植片作穿透性移植术,另以植床靠边的旁中央穿透性移植术28例为对照组,比较其术后排斥反应的发生率和角膜散光。结果：两组植片的上皮排斥反应发生率分别为8．0％和32．1％,实质层和内皮排斥反应为28．0％及64．3％,角膜散光为3．82D和6．82D。结论：联合自－异体穿透性角膜移植术可降低术后植片排斥反应发生率及减少术后角膜散光。