阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺胶体造粒浅析

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺因其特殊的结构和性质,用途非常广泛。但目前阳离子聚丙烯酰胺生产中造粒工艺和设备相对于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺聚合合成技术的发展来说相对滞后,为了促进阳离子聚丙烯酰胺生产后处理技术的发展,分析了造粒工艺和设备的优缺点。     

丙烯酰胺共聚反相胶乳

本文概述了自由基聚合制备聚丙烯酰胺和共聚物工艺的发展，讨论了影响聚丙烯酰胺结构与性能的合成及工艺因素，特别对丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合进行了详细的论述。     

亚甲基双丙烯酰胺合成新工艺研究

介绍了以丙烯酰胺和甲醛为原料合成亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的工艺过程和样品分析方法，并对工艺条件及影响因素作了讨论。     

SiO_2负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成双丙酮丙烯酰胺的研究

研究了以丙烯酰胺和二丙酮醇为原料,以SiO2负载的磷钨杂多酸做催化剂合成双丙酮丙烯酰胺工艺。通过试验确定了最佳工艺条件为:n(丙烯酰胺)∶n(二丙酮醇)=1∶1.1～1∶1.2;催化剂用量为m(丙烯酰胺)∶m(催化剂)=1∶1.8;反应温度为70～80℃;反应时间为6 h。     

生物法制丙烯酰胺的工艺研究

介绍了生物法制丙烯酰胺的生产方法,与化学法相比较,生物法更具备高活性、高选择性和高转化率等优势。阐述了微生物法制丙烯酰胺发展状况、微生物法制丙烯酰胺和腈水合酶的研究进展,为了丙烯酰胺更好地进行工业化制作,详细研究分析了生物法制丙烯酰胺的工艺过程。     

浅谈驱油用聚丙烯酰胺装置平稳生产的工艺控制措施

本文通过对影响驱油用聚丙烯酰胺装置平稳生产的工艺原因分析，提出了具体的控制措施，从而能有效地提高聚丙烯酰胺的产品产量和质量，减少开停线，从而降低丙烯酰胺、碳酸钠、研磨油的单耗，对聚丙烯酰胺生产有非常大的指导意义。     

双水相合成法制备聚丙烯酰胺的研究

以硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系为引发剂,丙烯酰胺（AM）为单体,聚丙烯酰胺-聚乙二醇（PEG）水溶液为双水相,合成聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂.考察了引发剂用量、反应时间、PEG总量、单体总量以及pH值对相对分子质量和转化率的影响.结果表明,在单体总量为4％和温度为65℃情况下,最佳工艺条件：时间60 min,引发剂1.5 mL,pH =7,PEG=9％.最佳工艺条件下,丙烯酰胺转化率为88.5％,聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量为2.84×106.     

超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺水解干燥条件的研究

分析了聚丙烯酰胺水解、干燥过程中影响分子量及溶解性的主要因素。通过实验,对影响聚丙烯酰胺分子量的水解剂、水解温度、水解时间、水解浓度、胶体粒度、水解加热方法以及干燥时间、干燥温度等因素进行了优化选择,确定了聚丙烯酰胺后水解的工艺参数。并以此工艺参数为基础,确定了适合工业化生产的超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺水解及干燥条件。     

N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺聚合体系注凝成型纳米氮化硅陶瓷

注凝成型工艺中通常使用的单体丙烯酰胺是一种神经毒素,它阻止了注凝成型工艺的进一步发展,为此,通过实验研究了一种廉价、低毒N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺单体注凝成型体系及该体系形成凝胶时的用量、温度、预混液的pH值等对凝胶时间和凝胶强度的影响.结果表明:N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺聚合体系在无交联剂时仍能形成凝胶;在固相体积分数为40%纳米氮化硅陶瓷粉体的料浆中仅需质量分数的3%的N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺单体即可通过注凝成型得到可用于机械加工的坯体,完全可以代替丙烯酰胺应用于注凝成型工艺中.     

聚丙烯酰胺在水胶炸药凝胶体系中的应用研究

讨论了采用聚丙烯酰胺作为胶凝剂制备水胶炸药的影响因素。研究了聚丙烯酰胺的用量、聚丙烯酰胺的水解时间、交联剂的选择、交联剂的用量、反应温度等相关因素对水胶炸药成胶时间和热稳定性的影响,得出了较佳工艺条件。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

A Review of Contemporary Views of Theories of Adhesion

The once distinct and independent theories of adhesion have been losing their isolation and converging. Ideas of the effects of surface roughness, once dismissed as irrelevant except in the case of textiles, have been revised; albeit on a smaller scale as details of surfaces have been revealed by sophisticated techniques. Electrostatic interactions across an interface have been more deeply explored and their significance recognised and expounded. Diffusion of groupings and chain segments within a polymer have been related to the possibilities of interaction with a variety of surfaces. Perhaps most important, theories of adsorption have been extended in depth. The precise nature of the molecular interactions have been recognised and quantified. In doing this the contribution of diffusion and elastoplastic phenomena have been integrated. These developments are collated and analysed to present the present understanding of the concepts.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Stability of granules of solid solutions of poly-pehnyleneterephthalamide

Conclusions Studies of starting solutions of PPTA in sulfuric acid and of granules obtained under pressrue at low temperature, and of granules stored in a hermetic package, have been carried out by the methods of differential thermal analysis, turbidity spectrum and viscometry.On granulation of a solidified PPTA solution, short-term storage of the granules in a hermetic package, or short contanct of the granulated mass with air, no appreciable change in melting point or of the intrinsic viscosity of the system takes place.Long storage of a granulated solution, even in hermetic packages, can lead to a considerable decrease in the melting point of the crystal solvates, caused by an increase in defectiveness of crystal structure under the effect of moisture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 25–26, May–June, 1986.     

Determination of the extent of oxidation of fats

Summary The amount of secondary oxidation products in refined and unrefined fats has been determined by reaction with benzidine acetate in iso-octane absolute alcohol solution, and measurement of the absorption at 350 mμ of the yellow color has been made. An “aldehyde value” has been calculated from this absorption intensity, using cinnamaldehyde as a reference substance. Determination of the aldehyde value and peroxide number of oils before and during refining has given information on the effect of the different refining processes on the state of oxidation of the oils. The effect of hardening on the content of oxidation products of an oil has been investigated. The effect of the amount of oxidation products in the unrefined material on the flavor stability of the refined material and of the margarine made from it has also been studied.     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.