基于OPNET的MAODV协议仿真实现及分析

移动Ad Hoc网络(MANET)的路由协议对网络的性能有较大影响,尤其在多播的场景下,好的多播路由协议可以节省大量无线传输带宽。MAODV路由协议是在AODV路由协议的基础上进行的多播扩展,也是目前MANET网络多播路由协议的研究热点。通过使用OPNET网络仿真软件,对MAODV协议进行仿真建模,使OPNET在MANET场景下支持多播路由协议的仿真,为其它需要MANET网络多播路由协议的场景提供支持。对仿真建模的结果进行了多方面的验证,以保证建模的正确性和有效性。     

可扩展的MAODV协议

随着近年来人们对移动Ad hoc网络和多播兴趣的日益增加,出现了许多适用于MANET上的多播路由协议.该文综述了这些移动Ad hoc网络上的多播协议,介绍了MAODV协议,提出了一种新的多播路由可扩展性解决方案.模拟结果显示,采用提出的技术增强了多播路由协议的性能和可扩展性.     

Ad Hoc网络新型多播路由协议MAODV-SP研究与仿真

该文将移动Ad Hoc网络多播路由协议作为主要研究内容——基于树的多播路由协议MAODV(Multicast Ad Hoc On-De-mand Distance Vector Routing Protocol)。针对目前MAODV协议存在可扩展性、健壮性差的问题,该文提出了一种新的优化改进协议MAODV-SP(MAODV With Stable Path),主要从两个方面对MAODV协议进行了扩展改进。首先在多播树建立方面,MAODV-SP协议采用了基于邻居变化率稳定路径选择机制,根据不同路径上各节点的邻居变化率累乘值,选择转发跳数小且局部拓扑变化小的稳定路径进行数据转发。其次在多播树维护方面,MAODV-SP协议采用了基于链路状态预测链路可用性机制,对节点的移动性和链路状况进行预测,在预测到链路断链即将发生之前,重新选择一条新的有效路由转发分组,使网络的性能达到最优。     

基于MAODV的移动多播路由协议的改进与仿真

移动Ad hoc网络是指由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个多跳的、不需要固定中心接入点或者基站支持的自治系统。对移动Ad hoc网络多播路由中的MAODV协议进行理论分析,提出了一种使用转接机制改进MAODV协议的方法,该改进协议使用新的NACK抑制机制来防止NACK风暴,减少了移动Ad hoc网络中大量的路由重构和数据分组的重传。采用OPNET软件进行仿真,仿真结果证明了该改进协议在Ad hoc网络中的可行性和有效性。     

一种改进的基于移动预测的可扩展多播路由协议

移动Ad Hoc网络是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个支持多跳的临时性的网络自治系统,随着网络应用规模的增长,在移动Ad Hoc网络中支持多播路由成为网络领域中一类重要的研究课题。在MAODV的基础上,提出了一种采用基于优先权指数的竞争广播算法以及基于移动预测的主动路由维护机制的改进多播路由协议,仿真结果表明改进后的协议减少了开销、降低了时延,有效地增加了协议的可扩展性。     

MANET中基于遗传算法的QoS多播路由协议

随着多媒体业务的普及,如何为MANET多播路由提供QoS保障成为研究热点。提出了一种带宽和时延受限的QoS多播路由协议,它利用遗传算法搜索满足QoS要求的最优多播树。仿真结果表明该协议收敛速度快,寻径成功率高,它为移动网络中具有QoS保障的多播通信提供了一种有效途径。     

MAODV协议的QoS延伸

研讨了Ad Hoc网络中具有QoS约束的多播路由问题和网络模型，提出了一种基于延伸MAODV（Multicast Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector）多播路由协议的延时、带宽和包丢失率等度量的QoS多播路由协议。仿真实验显示该协议较好地改进b 端到端传输延时、带宽利用率和传输性能，为Ad Hoc网络QoS多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径。     

基于范围代理的MAODV协议改进

高效的组播路由是移动自组网网络组播路由的研究热点之一。在分析MAODV协议的基础上,提出基于范围代理扩展的MAODV组播路由协议。通过使用区域范围代理管理和单播与广播结合的组播数据包,扩展范围代理MAODV协议。模拟仿真结果显示,改进后的协议减少网络开销和树重构次数、降低端到端平均时廷、提高数据包投递率。     

MANET中MAODV与ODMRP组播路由协议的研究与分析

MANET是非基础结构无线网络的典型代表,具有带宽有限、拓扑结构易变和电池能源有限的特点,这些特性使得未来集成网络实现组播通信具有一定的挑战性。该文首先介绍了MANET组播路由协议MAODV和ODMRP,然后对两种协议进行了比较分析,并得出结论。     

MANET中MAODV与ODMRP组播路由协议的研究与分析

MANET是非基础结构无线网络的典型代表,具有带宽有限、拓扑结构易变和电池能源有限的特点,这些特性使得未来集成网络实现组播通信具有一定的挑战性。该文首先介绍了MANET组播路由协议MAODV和ODMRP,然后对两种协议进行了比较分析,并得出结论。     

基于熵度量的长寿MAODV协议

描述了一种在Ad Hoc网络中基于熵度量的MAODV协议（EMAODV），提出了衡量路径稳定性的新尺度——熵，利用熵的度量来选择长寿的、稳定的路径，减少了重构路由的次数，在Ad Hoc网络的网络拓扑频繁变化的环境中较好地提供QoS保证。仿真实验结果表明，EMAODV协议快速有效，具有较高的可靠性。EMAODV协议为动态Ad Hoc网络的建立和评价稳定的路径提供了一种新的有效 途径。     

QMRPRNS: Design of QoS multicast routing protocol using reliable node selection scheme for MANETs

A mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of wireless mobile devices. In which multicast is one of the efficient way of communication. Currently, several research have been conducted to design multicast routing protocols for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Multicasting is a technique that allow to send the same message to a group of destinations simultaneously. However, it faces several challenges against its implementation in ad-hoc network due to its dynamic nature, lack of bandwidth, short battery lifetime of the mobile devices. The multicast routing protocol MAODV have several constraints as mentioned above. Hence to address these constraints a reliable neighbour nodes selection scheme has been integrated over MAODV. This paper attempt a Quality of Service (QoS) based multicast routing protocol using reliable neighbour nodes selection scheme (QMRPRNS) for same. The simulation has been conducted to compare the performance of the proposed scheme against some existing multicast routing protocols which shows significant improvement over EMAODV and MAODV.     

基于移动Ad-Hoc无线网络MAODV组播路由协议研究

分析了按需组播路由协议MAODV,并且在此基础上提出了基于最优化路径(path optimized aware)算法~([7])的PA-MAODV协议,并对相关路由发现方案算法进行了描述、分析、改进,最后对PA-MAODV协议在NS2中的实现,仿真和性能分析的整个过程做了详细的阐述.并将其与MAODV,AODV协议进行了性能上的比较,通过对仿真结果的分析表明,所给出的PA-MAODV协议在延迟、数据包投递率等方面能更好地适应网络环境.     

动态延时的无线多播路由协议

在分析基于共享树的Ad Hoc网络多播路由协议MAODV的基础上,结合能量模型,提出了一种Ad Hoc网络基于动态延时的多播路由协议ECBMR。算法分析和仿真结果显示,在不增加算法复杂性的前提下,ECBMR明显地改善了MAODV协议的延时特性,节点的能量消耗比较均衡,一方面降低了系统的能耗,另一方面有效地延长了网络的存活时间,比较好地解决了Ad Hoc网络能量和延时相互矛盾的问题。     

Distributed route repair for increasing reliability and reducing control overhead for multicasting in wireless MANET

The Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) routing protocol is proposed for achieving multicast in a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) while reducing bandwidth waste and energy power consumption. In MANET, packets transmission through a multicast tree may always have unreliable links caused by node mobility or lack of energy, and thus significantly degrades the performance. MAODV uses a broadcast-type local repair mechanism to find an alternative route to the multicast tree when some breaks happen on the tree. Although the local repair mechanism provides a specified time-to-live (TTL) to limit the repair range and the hop-count to the group leader, a large number of broadcast-type Route Request (RREQ) messages extensively yields control overhead and requires a large amount of power consumption to send control messages. Thus, this paper proposes a unicast-type multihop local repair protocol for multicast MANETs to recover lost links efficiently while achieving several advantages: increasing network reliability, increasing packet delivery rate, minimizing the number of control messages and reducing repair delay. Moreover, the optimal number of hops used in the multihop neighbor table is analyzed mathematically. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other repair approaches in terms of successful repair rate, control message overhead and packet delivery rate.     

Multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks by using a multiagent system

Multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) poses several challenges due to inherent characteristics of the network such as node mobility, reliability, scarce resources, etc. This paper proposes an Agent Based Multicast Routing Scheme (ABMRS) in MANETs, which uses a set of static and mobile agents. Five types of agents are used in the scheme: Route manager static agent, Network initiation mobile agent, Network management static agent, Multicast initiation mobile agent and Multicast management static agent. The scheme operates in the following steps: (1) to identify reliable nodes; (2) to connect reliable nodes through intermediate nodes; (3) to construct a backbone for multicasting using reliable nodes and intermediate nodes; (4) to join multicast group members to the backbone; (5) to perform backbone and group members management in case of mobility. The scheme has been simulated in various network scenarios to test operation effectiveness in terms of performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, control overheads and group reliability. Also, a comparison of proposed scheme with MAODV (Multicast Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector) protocol is presented. ABMRS performs better than MAODV as observed from the simulation. ABMRS offers flexible and adaptable multicast services and also supports component based software development.     

基于改进MAODV协议的WMN的组播路由算法

以基于树的组播路由协议MAODV为参考标准,结合WMN的特点及其对路由的影响,提出了WMN网络中基于链路稳定性的路由选择和基于链路可持续时间预测的组播路由改进算法MAODV-PPS,并进行了相应的数学理论分析和算法流程设计。该算法是在选择路径时比较反映各路径局部拓扑稳定性的路径稳定因子,选取相对稳定的路径转发数据;并在路径维护阶段,通过对路径上相邻节点间的能量变化率来预测链路可持续连接时间,当该时间小于链路断链阈值时,主动激活路由修复。仿真表明：该算法不仅稳定性好,路由跳数少,而且具有较好的网络扩展性和负载适应性,与已有的路径稳定性选择和链路预测算法相比,计算简单更符合实际应用。     

基于多个组的MAODV路由协议的仿真与性能分析

目前,对MAODV路由协议的仿真分析通常考虑网络仅有一个多播组的情况。但是,在实际应用中网络可能存在多个多播组。为此,本文提出了基于多个多播组分析MAODV路由协议性能的方法,并利用NS-2模拟器对MAODV路由协议进行仿真,分析了多个多播组对数据递交率、控制开销、时延等性能的影响。仿真分析表明,在不同网络负载情况下,多个多播组的存在降低了MAODV路由协议的性能。