车引擎覆盖件设计中点云重构A级曲面的技术研究

A级曲面重构是车引擎覆盖件设计的关键环节,针对传统方法重构复杂自由曲面效率低下、灵活性差、曲面品质不高的状况,提出一种基于imageware软件应用中NURBS面片的A级曲面重构方法,曲面调整灵活、直观、非常有效提高了A级曲面重构的效率和品质,Imageware的高级曲面构建功能和品质评估功能使其在汽车车身A面构建中的使用越来越多,使得车引擎覆盖件设计更加快捷,美观、流线性更顺畅,大大提高了整车外观设计的水平.     

车身覆盖件的曲面重构及数控加工

汽车车身覆盖件由于曲面复杂,表面面积大,其设计在新车型的开发过程中尤为关键.利用三维激光扫描仪和Pro/E软件对现有的汽车模型的车身进行了反求,完成了反求工程中的数据测量、数据处理及曲面重构技术,得到了车身覆盖件较为准确的CAD模型,同时用数控雕铣机进行真实加工,这为简化模型的创建难度,缩短建模周期提供依据.     

汽车发动机罩外板A级曲面的逆向设计与分析

基于点云的汽车车身外覆盖件曲面逆向设计一直是困扰车身开发人员的技术难题,解决这一问题对于缩短车身开发时间有重要的意义.概述汽车A级曲面的理论和方法,探讨制定了逆向设计流程.以某车型汽车发动机罩外板A级曲面的设计为例,阐述设计方案、轮廓线提取和曲面生成等关键技术,解决了设计中出现的问题.     

曲面重构中散乱点云数据曲率估算算法的研究

获取测量点云数据的几何特征信息是曲面重构的基础,估算数据点方向矢量和曲率是点云数据处理中必须面对的问题。这里针对散乱测量数据点云,以局部数据点协方差矩的最小特征向量作为数据点的方向矢量,并根据实际测量情况,对基于二次曲面拟合的数据点曲率估算算法进行了改进。对实际测量点云数据,能够较准确地估算出点云方向矢量和曲率,并能形象显示出数据点云的曲率分布。     

NURBS曲线曲面重构的方法

CAD/CAM中用有理多项式函数表示曲面越来越广泛。由于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)可以精确表示解析形状和自由曲线曲面,国际标准组织(ISO)与1991年把NURBS作为表示工业产品几何形状的工业标准。这里主要讨论了NURBS曲线曲面重构的方法。     

截面数据的B样条曲面重建研究

针对截面数据 ,研究其B样条曲面重建问题。给定节点矢量、依据最小二乘方法生成初始拟合曲面 ;为了提高拟合精度 ,采用迭代最近点方法优化修正数据点的参数 ,进而生成符合精度要求的拟合曲面。实际算例表明该算法简单、实用、可靠     

Complete 3D surface reconstruction from unstructured point cloud

In this study, a complete 3D surface reconstruction method is proposed based on the concept that the vertices of surface model can be completely matched to the unstructured point cloud. In order to generate the initial mesh model from the point cloud, the mesh subdivision of bounding box and shrink-wrapping algorithm are introduced. The control mesh model for well representing the topology of point cloud is derived from the initial mesh model by using the mesh simplification technique based on the original QEM algorithm, and the parametric surface model for approximately representing the geometry of point cloud is derived by applying the local subdivision surface fitting scheme on the control mesh model. And, to reconstruct the complete matching surface model, the insertion of isolated points on the parametric surface model and the mesh optimization are carried out. Especially, the fast 3D surface reconstruction is realized by introducing the voxel-based nearest-point search algorithm, and the simulation results reveal the availability of the proposed surface reconstruction method.     

B-spline surface reconstruction and direct slicing from point clouds

The issue of surface reconstruction and slicing from point clouds has been receiving extensive attention recently. When using the B-spline surface fitting technique, the difficulty of parameterization exists. At the same time, for interfacing between reverse engineering and rapid prototyping, the point clouds are usually converted to an stereolithography (STL) model. This leads to a huge file size and requires expert modeling skills. The objective of this work is to establish a base surface parameterization and direct slicing strategy for scattered data based on a cross-sectional design technique. We first present a new method of directly extracting sectional contours from point clouds. Then, we create a base surface by skinning the primary boundary curves and interior sectional curves. Based on a good parameterization, the final surface is achieved with tight tolerance. Several practical examples have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method. It can be widely used in Number Control (NC) machining and rapid prototyping.     

The development of a technique for 3D complex surface reconstruction from unorganized point cloud

In this paper, we propose a new neural network based on our two-level adaptive hierarchical clustering algorithm. The algorithm is to manage unorganized points, so that the triangular mesh models can be correctly obtained by applying the triangular mesh creation algorithm. We also develop adaptive self-flipping triangle edges to improve triangular mesh structure. Only one parameter, the maximal edge length of triangle, is needed in the neural network. The proposed two-level consists of the first level for clustering the cloud of points that has same order of the maximal edge length into a same cluster and the second level for generating triangular surface model or drape surfaces over the points of the same cluster. The normal vector for the generated triangular 3D surface model can be obtained from the second level. This helps to generate the STL file or stereolithography format. From the experimental results it can be shown that the proposed method is very effective for clustering unorganized point clouds for generating a triangular mesh of complex surfaces.     

凸显尖锐特征的点-线-面递进式曲面重建

针对现有曲面重建算法不能很好地重建出点云模型尖锐特征的缺陷,提出了一种凸显点云尖锐特征的点-线-面递进式曲面重建算法。首先,根据近邻点的欧氏距离、法向偏差和曲面变分,采用主成分分析算法和k-近邻点迭代加权法获取点云准确法向;接着,依据特征点位于多个平面交线上的原则,利用法向聚类和平面拟合从候选特征点中筛选特征点;然后,依据特征点生长方向和主方向的相互关系重建特征线,并按照最小二乘原理采用矩阵法修复角点;最后,以特征线为约束重建尖锐特征点云曲面。实验结果表明：本文算法计算的点云准确法向与理论法向偏差接近于0,特征重建效果优于其他算法,算法耗时短且与点云数量呈线性关系。算法不仅能够准确计算尖锐特征区域的点云法向,还能准确提取出点云模型的特征点并凸显模型的尖锐特征。     

基于NURBS造型的复杂曲面零件反求工程研究

讨论反求工程技术的实现过程 ,阐述数据处理、曲面和模型重构以及利用CAM数控加工出样件的整个过程 ,特别提出点云数据网格化方法以及通过调用OpenGL库函数来进行NURBS曲面重构并生成效果逼真的三维模型的实现方法。     

复杂曲面重构中的倒圆技术

介绍复杂曲面重构中的曲面倒圆圆角和有关倒圆术语的定义 ,研究曲面倒圆的基本算法 ,概述曲面倒圆的方法 ,并给出曲面倒圆技术的应用实例及部分结论     

Prediction of surface reconstruction uncertainties for freeform surface inspection

A method is introduced to predict uncertainties of the B-spline freeform surfaces that are reconstructed from the measurement points for inspection of freeform surfaces. The uncertainties of a reconstructed B-spline surface are modeled by variances of coordinates of points on this freeform surface. Prediction of the uncertainty at any location on the reconstructed B-spline surface is carried out in two steps: (1) estimation of variances of the B-spline surface’s control points introduced by the surface reconstruction process, and (2) propagation of the variances from the control points to the points on the B-spline freeform surface. In this research, the variances of the control points of the reconstructed B-spline surface in all three directions are considered to improve the accuracy of uncertainty prediction in the regions with significant changes of geometric shapes. Both the errors and uncertainties at different locations on the reconstructed surface are considered in freeform surface inspection to compare the manufactured surface against the design surface and its tolerance. The developed method has been applied to two case studies to demonstrate its effectiveness.