特发性脊柱侧凸不同固定术式疗效分析

目的分析治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的不同手术方法和效果。方法对1989年一2005年收治的34例特发性脊柱侧凸术前、术后临床资料进行分析，总结所采用不同术式的治疗效果。结果34例分另U采用了Harrington术式、联合Harrington-Luque（H-L）术式、Cotrel-Dubousset（C-D）双棍法及Texas Scottish-Rite Hospital（TSRH）三维矫正，平均矫正率分别为36．42％、45．18％、55．68％、63．28％，采用H-L、C-D和TSRH手术方法的矫正度均高于Harrington方法，其中以TSRH、C-D三维矫正系统效果最好。结论手术矫正特发性脊柱侧凸效果是明显的，尤以近年运用的三维矫正系统效果更为优良。     

同种异体骨在重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治术中应用的对比研究

目的 探讨凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉技术对重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月-2008年12月施行手术矫治的重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者37例,其中男12例,女25例,年龄14～38岁,平均17岁.18例采用后路凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉法矫治脊柱侧凸(实验组),19例采用常规后路钉棒法(对照组),比较两组的手术时间、出血量以及手术前后的站立位主侧凸冠状面Cobb角、主侧凸顶椎偏距、身高等指标.结果 平均随访18个月,实验组主侧凸冠状面Cobb角矫正率平均为51.2%,对照组为42.0%,实验组主凸顶椎偏距矫正率平均为41.1%,对照组为36.2%,身高增长实验组平均为6cm,对照组为3cm,以上指标两组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组手术时间、出血量比较无明显差异(P0.05).结论 凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉法可提高重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸的矫正率,安全可靠.     

凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉技术对提高重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治效果的作用

目的 探讨凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉技术对重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月-2008年12月施行手术矫治的重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者37例,其中男12例,女25例,年龄14～38岁,平均17岁.18例采用后路凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉法矫治脊柱侧凸(实验组),19例采用常规后路钉棒法(对照组),比较两组的手术时间、出血量以及手术前后的站立位主侧凸冠状面Cobb角、主侧凸顶椎偏距、身高等指标.结果 平均随访18个月,实验组主侧凸冠状面Cobb角矫正率平均为51.2%,对照组为42.0%,实验组主凸顶椎偏距矫正率平均为41.1%,对照组为36.2%,身高增长实验组平均为6cm,对照组为3cm,以上指标两组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组手术时间、出血量比较无明显差异(P0.05).结论 凹侧双棒全椎弓根螺钉法可提高重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸的矫正率,安全可靠.     

胸廓成形术对提高重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治效果的作用

目的 探讨胸廓成形术对提高重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫治效果的作用.方法 2004年6月-2008年12月行后路矫形的重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者28例,男11例,女17例,年龄14～38岁,平均17岁,按手术治疗的顺序分为实验组(15例)和对照组(13例),实验组在矫治术中实施了胸廓成形术,对照组在矫治术中不实施胸廓成形术.采用主侧凸冠状面Cobb角、刀背高度、躯干不对称角度和患者外观满意度4项指标对治疗效果进行对比分析.结果 主凸Cobb角矫正率实验组为51.2%、对照组为45.2%,刀背高度矫正率实验组为51.7%、对照组为26.3%,术后躯干不对称角度矫正率实验组为58.7%、对照组为11.1%,患者外观满意率实验组为89%、对照组为46%,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).实验组有5例术后出现胸腔积血,经胸腔引流后治愈.结论 胸廓成形术可提高侧弯矫正率,降低刀背高度,患者外观满意度高,但增加了气胸、血气胸等并发症.     

青年特发性脊柱侧凸的基本影像判读及Lenke分型

目的探讨青年特发性脊柱侧凸的基本影像特征,并检测 Lenke 分型中脊柱侧凸类型的发病率及 Lenke 分型与手术方法的关系.资料与方法分析105例青年特发性脊柱侧凸的临床及影像学资料,按 Lenke 方法分型,统计各种侧凸类型的发病率,检测 Lenke 分型方法与手术方法的关系.结果105例脊柱侧凸均采用 Lenke 分型方法归类,其中 Lenke 1型最多,占51%;腰椎修正型:A 型45例(43%),B 型17例(16%),C 型43例(41%);胸椎矢状位修正型:“-”型18例(17%),N 型79例(75%),“+”型8例(8%).本组综合分型最常见的类型是1AN(22例,21%)、5CN(13例,12%)、2AN(10例,9.5%)及3CN(8例,7.6%).Lenke 分型定义为结构性弯曲中90%进行了固定融合.结论青年特发性脊柱侧凸的基本影像特征及 Lenke 分型对手术指征的评估、手术方法的选择有重要的指导意义,其结构性弯曲的诊断标准较为实用.     

哈林顿手术矫正脊柱侧凸的护理

当脊柱发生先天性,特发性、瘫痪性畸形时,常出现脊柱侧凸,不但影响人体外观和劳动,还使胸腔和腹腔的内脏受压,造成发育不良或脊髓受压导致瘫痪.对于脊柱侧凸病人,目前世界各国采用最广泛的治疗方法是哈林顿(Harrington)手术矫正脊柱侧弯,其目的是最大限度地矫正现有畸形,防止侧凸继续发展,使脊柱长期保持稳定.我院开展此项手术取得了较好的效果,现对该项手术治疗前后的护理工作小结如下:     

后路一期半椎体切除联合GSS矫正内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形16例

先天性脊柱侧凸是由于椎体发育缺陷导致的脊柱畸形,分为椎体形成障碍、椎体分节不良和混合型3型.其中,半椎体是先天性脊柱侧凸的最常见原因[1],临床上较为常见的半椎体有完全分节和部分分节半椎体,非手术治疗方式常无效.我科自2007-05至2012-03采用后路一期半椎体切除,通用脊柱内固定系统（general spine system,GSS）矫正内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸患者16例,矫形效果良好.     

CR全脊柱数字化成像技术的应用与比较

脊柱侧凸的常规检查方法是全脊柱X线正、侧位摄片,来反映脊柱侧凸畸形的状况。脊柱侧凸的X线检查要求每张脊柱正、侧位片,包含上自颈椎和双侧肩部,下至骨盆和髋关节在内的全脊柱,可以反映畸形的真实面貌和平衡情况。一张拼接好的X线片对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸进行手术前评估和脊柱侧凸三维矫形的预测有重要意义[1]。以前多采用超长感绿X线胶片(30 cm×61 cm)一次曝光[2];后采用多块IP板一次曝光,并将图像在计算机内进行拼接,但其拼接密度的均匀性和准确性不太理想。本院引进富士CR超长IP板,进行全脊柱一次曝光摄片。笔者就多块IP板一次…     

EOS~(TM)在青少年脊柱侧凸中的应用

脊柱侧凸是青少年常见的脊柱畸形。传统的X线摄影只能从二维平面评估侧凸畸形,且辐射剂量高。近年来新出现的EOS影像采集系统采用低于传统X线及CT的辐射剂量即可同步获得人体站立位正侧位全脊柱影像,并能通过三维重建获得多种测量参数,从而量化评估脊柱轴面旋转,有助于脊柱侧凸的诊断、分级、手术方案制定及术后随访,尤其适用于青少年特发性脊柱侧凸病人。就EOS的原理、优势及在青少年脊柱侧凸中的应用予以综述。     

中医综合疗法对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能及表面平均肌电比值的影响

目的 评价中医综合疗法(导引、推拿、小针刀)对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者肺功能和表面平均肌电(AEMG)比值的影响.方法 120例AIS门诊患者随机分为中医治疗组(治疗组)和支具对照组(对照组).治疗组采用脊柱平衡导引(2次/d,40min/次,每天坚持直至骨骼发育成熟)、脊柱平衡推拿(3次/周,25min/次,12个月)及小针刀整体松解(1次/周,共10次)治疗.对照组采用Milwaukee支具治疗(22h/d,12个月).观察治疗前及治疗后12个月时的肺功能指标[肺活量(VC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1/FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(Mw)]改变,治疗前及治疗后12、24个月时的Cobb角改变,治疗前及治疗后6、12、18、24个月时AEMG比值变化,并对各指标进行组间比较.结果 治疗后12个月治疗组和对照组Cobb角矫正率(分别为51.4％、47.8％)差异无统计学意义(p＞o.05),而治疗后24个月治疗组Cobb角矫正率(62.5％)明显高于对照组(34.7％,P＜0.05).与治疗前比较,治疗组治疗后12个月VC、FEV1/FVC、MVV明显升高(P＜0.05),而对照组治疗后12个月各指标均有不同程度下降(p＜0.05).治疗组治疗后6、12、18、24个月时AEMG比值持续降低并趋向于1,表明侧凸两侧的肌张力趋于平衡,而对照组比值AEMG比值逐渐增加,表明侧凸两侧的肌张力不平衡加剧.两组治疗中均未发生明显的不良反应.结论 基于改善AIS脊柱内外平衡失调的中医脊柱平衡法能显著改善肌力的不平衡,减轻侧凸,提高肺功能,值得推广应用.AEMG比值可用于评价AIS的治疗效果及评估侧凸的进展.     

Computed tomographic myelography in the investigation of childhood scoliosis and spinal dysraphism

The combined investigations of positive contrast myelography and computed tomographic (CT) myelography were performed on 53 consecutive children. Thirty-eight (72%) of these investigations were performed as a routine pre-operative procedure to identify occult spinal dysraphism in patients with childhood scoliosis; the remainder were because of the "orthopaedic syndrome", cervical radiculopathy, back pain and patients with clinical findings to suggest spinal dysraphism. In the 20 patients (38%) with idiopathic scoliosis, there was no case of spinal dysraphism and CT myelography provided no additional information to the myelogram. In the seven patients with spinal dysraphism the plain radiographic abnormalities identified were lumbar vertebral abnormalities (five), thoracic vertebral abnormalities (one), and sacral agenesis (one). Diastematomyelia was found in four patients, a low tethered cord and lipoma in two patients and a large lipoma in one patient. In all of these cases the myelogram indicated the intraspinal abnormalities; however, CT myelography provided more precise anatomical detail. We conclude that CT myelography is not indicated in the initial preoperative assessment of idiopathic scoliosis but should be reserved for patients with congenital or complicated scoliosis where the association with dysraphism is well recognised.     

脊柱病变多层螺旋CT的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT对于脊柱病变的诊断价值。方法：搜集脊柱病变患者18例，其中脊柱骨折7例，颈椎后纵韧带骨化2例，腰椎结核2例，特发性脊柱侧弯7例。所有患者经多层螺旋CT扫描，MIP、MPR／CPR、3D-SSD与4D-Angio重建，分析不同处理后图像的应用价值。结果：MRP／CPR应用简捷，可矢状、冠状观察骨性病变的部位与程度，但对于胸椎骨折或侧弯，由于受到肋骨重叠的显示而不适用于评价胸椎骨折；3D-SSD可观察骨性结构的破坏，但缺乏对椎管形态的显示，4维重建可清晰评价脊柱骨折与脊柱侧弯的所有相关表现，通过调节不同密度阈值可显示出椎管内形态，尤其适用观察骨折、侧弯的分类与椎管的状况。结论：多层螺旋CT可全脊柱扫描，其多种后处理技术的应用可全面评价脊柱病变，4维重建可清晰评价脊柱病变的所有相关表现，而MIP不适用于对脊柱的评价。     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children with Scoliosis

For many years, orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists have used plain-film radiography for diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and postsurgical evaluation of scoliosis. Recently, the direct visualization of the spinal canal and spinal cord became possible with the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which over a short period of time has become an indicated procedure in children with juvenile-onset idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis. Children with idiopathic scoliosis associated with neurologic findings on physical examination, with pain or rapid progression of the spine curvature are also being evaluated with MRI, especially if surgery for stabilization of the spine is planned. The use of MRI as a screening modality for all children with scoliosis is still controversial and further studies are needed to evaluate if the examination adds or changes the treatment of these patients.     

MSCT后处理技术诊断特发性脊柱侧凸畸形的临床价值

目的：探讨MSCT后处理技术在特发性青少年脊柱侧凸畸形中的临床价值。方法：搜集2008年～2009年我院特发性青少年脊柱侧凸畸形病例25例,均行脊柱X线正、侧位片,MSCT检查及三维重建。在经验丰富的外科医生指导下进行Lenke分型、腰椎侧凸修正分型、胸椎矢状面后凸分型,并结合MSCT后处理技术影像学资料及术中数据进行综合评价,评估MSCT后处理技术在外科学脊柱侧凸分型中的应用价值。结果：Lenke Ⅰ型11例,最为多见;Lenke Ⅲ型5例,Lenke Ⅴ型7例,Lenke Ⅵ型2例。腰椎侧凸进一步分型中,A型6例,B型5例,C型14例。胸椎侧凸矢状面进一步分型,正常20例,后凸角度增大2例,后凸角度减小3例。结论：MSCT后处理技术是Lenke分型的补充,也是Lenke分型弯曲类型、腰弯修正型、胸椎矢状面修正型三种基本类型有机、立体、直观的结合在一起的桥梁。     

Imaging in scoliosis: what,why and how?

Scoliosis may be a spinal manifestation of underlying disease and although most cases of scoliosis are idiopathic, imaging plays a very important role in determining the underlying aetiology and in monitoring the changes of the deformity that take place with growth. As a clinical problem scoliosis may present directly to the radiology department through a primary healthcare referral, or it may be referred from the paediatric, orthopaedic, spinal and neurosurgical hospital services. Growth affects all types of scoliosis irrespective of cause. There are no reliable predetermined algorithmic steps in the management of scoliosis, and treatment decisions require the inclusion of multiple extrinsic (e.g age, menarche) and intrinsic (curve magnitude, vertebral anomaly) factors. It is important to remember that most of what is known about curve behaviour and its progression applies to idiopathic scoliosis, and it is inappropriate to apply these criteria to the other specific types of scoliosis. It is imperative that radiation techniques are used judiciously to minimize the radiation burden. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had a significant impact in the understanding of the scoliotic deformity, it is still evolving and it may well eventually play a very important role in uncovering the underlying aetiology of 'idiopathic' scoliosis.     

Treatment planning in severe scoliosis: the role of MRI

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative investigation of children with idiopathic scoliosis is controversial. Syringomyelia and other intraspinal lesions may be risk factors for neurological injury during surgical correction. Our purpose was to investigate whether pathology of the neuraxis is associated with scoliosis and to detect lesions which may threaten neurological sequelae during distraction and instrumented correction. We obtained T1- and T2-weighted images of 40 children (28 girls, 12 boys), mean age 12.7 years with severe idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle 50–70 °) obtained in coronal, sagittal and axial planes from the posterior cranial fossa to the sacrum, and these were assessed by two neuroradiologists and an orthopaedic surgeon prior to further treatment planning. Abnormalities of the neuraxis were found in 24 patients (60 %); five (12 %) had two or more lesions. No abnormalities of the neuraxis were found in 16 patients (40 %). There were 15 patients (38 %) with intraspinal abnormalities who deteriorated clinically and nine (22 %) who showed no clinical changes. We transferred 16 patients (40 %) from the orthopaedic to the neurosurgical department for further assessment. Our results suggest that one should investigate the neuraxis with MRI before contemplating orthopaedic surgical correction of severe idiopathic scoliosis, because the findings may lead to a change of procedure. Received: 14 July 2000 Accepted: 5 September 2000     

Magnetic resonance evaluation of idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study

The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of unsuspected intraspinal pathology and to assess the value of atypical clinical features as predictors of these intraspinal pathologies, in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Twenty-five consecutive patients (13 boys, 12 girls) with idiopathic scoliosis were prospectively evaluated with MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging detected intraspinal pathology in seven patients (28%), which included syringohydromyelia with Chiari I malformation (n = 5), and syringomyelia and dumb-bell neurofibromas in one patient each, respectively. Dural ectasia was also present in five patients. Atypical features, described in the literature as pointers to intraspinal pathologies such as the age < 11 years at presentation, presence of pain, hyperkyphosis, severe curves and the presence of the left thoracic or thoracolumbar curves, were seen to be equally distributed between the two groups (those with and without intraspinal pathologies), thus raising doubts about the importance of these features.     

The prevalence of disc aging and back pain after fusion extending into the lower lumbar spine. A matched MR study twenty-five years after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term outcome after fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in terms of degenerative disc findings diagnosed using MR imaging and to elucidate the clinical consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, who had undergone spinal fusion using Harrington rods to the lower lumbar spine with one or two unfused discs below the fusion, were re-examined 25 years after the fusion. The re-examinations included validated questionnaires, clinical examination, full standing frontal and lateral radiographs and MR examination of the lower lumbar region. Curve size and degenerative findings on MR images were evaluated by two unbiased radiologists, blinded to the clinical findings. A matched control group of 32 persons without scoliosis was subjected to the same examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significantly more degenerative disc changes (p<0.0001), disc height reduction (p=0.0010) and end-plate changes (p<0.0001 for both upper and lower end-plates) in the lowest unfused disc in the patient group compared with the control group. The MR findings in the lowest unfused disc, but not the one above, in the patient group correlated to lumbar pain intensity as well as to the diminished lumbar lordosis.