肺靶向红霉素乳酸微球的研究

目的：用生物可降解材料聚乳酸（PDLLA）制备肺靶向红霉素缓释微球（ERY－PDLLA－MS）。方法：用正交设计优化微球制备工艺，用扫描电子显微镜观察微球表面形态，差示扫描热分析确证含药微球的形成。并对所制备的红霉素微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率、工艺重现性、体外释药、稳定性及在体内各组织的分布进行了研究。结果：微球形态圆整，且药物确已被包裹在微球中，而非机械混合。微球的平均粒径为11．18μm，粒径在5－20μm占总数的94％以上，载药量为24．16％，包封率为63．54％，最佳工艺条件重现性良好，微球在4℃及25℃放置三个月各方面性质稳定，体外释药符合Higuchi方程Q=28.067 3.8515t^1/2(r=0.9834)，动物体内实验表明，红霉素微球混悬剂较普通注射 剂更聚集在肺组织。结论：微球制备工艺稳定，具有明显的缓释作用和肺靶向性。     

低分子肝素肺靶向微球的研究

目的 考察低分子肝素肺靶向微球缓释性、稳定性和靶向性。方法 用乳化法制备微球,正交试验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素,体外释药试验研究其缓释性,以外观形态、粒度分布、包封率、释药性等的变化考察其稳定性,以及微球在家兔的体内分布。结果 所制备微球粒径在5－25μm者85.5％,包封率为87％,并有良好的缓释性、 靶向性和稳定性。结论 该法制备的微球稳定,可用于肺靶向研究。     

肺靶向阿霉素微球的制备及其特性研究

目的制备肺靶向阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)并考察其特性。方法采用天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料,液体石蜡为油相,乳化化学交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球。结果微球形态圆整,平均粒径10.8μm,5-15μm的微球占总数的85.5%,载药量为4.05%,包封率为42.3%,体外释药具有缓释特征,(25±2)℃、RH=60%条件下放置6个月,其稳定性良好。结论微球的粒径、形态、堆密度、流动性、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能及稳定性等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量及体外释药速度为评价指标,考察处方因素对壳聚糖微球的影响。并采用正交设计L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果微球的平均粒径为(4.2±0.3)μm,包封率为(28.58±2.76)%(n=3),载药量为(17.15±1.65)%(n=3)。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备的三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用且制备工艺简单。     

环磷酰胺聚乳酸微球的制备及其缓释过程的研究

目的 制备环磷酰胺聚乳酸微球,并检验微球的体外缓释效果。方法 采用O/W型乳化溶剂挥发法制备载药微球,通过单因素实验优化制备工艺,用生物显微镜观察微球的形态,并用激光粒度分析仪分析粒径。用紫外-可见光谱法研究环磷酰胺聚乳酸微球的载药量、包封率和体外释药性能。结果 微球呈球形,直径为(12.67±3.67)μm。载药量和包封率分别为15.38%和62.5%,累计释放时间为108h,累计释放率为84.07%。结论 本研究成功制备环磷酰胺聚乳酸微球,为制备可生物降解载药微球提供参考。     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的 制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法 以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果 吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论 吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

氟尿嘧啶白蛋白磁性亚微球特性研究

目的 制备以牛血清白蛋白为载体的氟尿嘧啶白蛋白磁亚微球(FU-AMOM)并研究其有关特性.方法 采用乳化-超声-固化法制备FU-AMOM并考察其外观、粒径及其分布;测定FU-AMOM的载药量及包封率;评价其释药特征并对释药曲线进行方程拟合;考察荷瘤小鼠体内靶向性.结果 制得FU-AMOM平均粒径为(321±50)nm,分布范围为100～600 nm;平均载药量为(9.69±0.19)%;平均包封率为(70.36±0.53)%;体外动态透析法释药模型符合Higuchi方程,具有明显的缓释作用;荷瘤小鼠试验结果表明,FU-AMOM于磁场作用下在肿瘤组织聚集,具有靶向性.结论 FU-AMOM磁亚微球具有较好的缓释和靶向作用,有希望作为新型药物载体用于靶向给药系统.     

ADM-PLGA缓释纳米微球的制备及体外释药的研究

目的 制备ADM-PLGA纳米微球,观察其一般特性、载药量、包封率和缓释特性.方法 采用超声乳化法制备缓释ADM-PLGA-Ns纳米微球,观察其一般特性,采用高效液相法测定ADM含量,并模拟体内条件研究ADM-PLGA-Ns纳米微球的体外缓释特性.结果 纳米微球表面光滑圆整,球体大小均匀,粒径为(21±5.4)nm,微球包封率和载药量分别为(89.71±7.31)%和(0.75±0.54)%.微球体外释药符合Higuichi方程,10 d后释放度达95.00%.结论 ADM-PLGA纳米微球制备工艺效果满意,具有明显的缓释作用.     

用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的 用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法 用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(IR)确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果 最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0 μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63 μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论 制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

红霉素明胶微球制备工艺研究

目的通过正交设计筛选出制备红霉素明胶微球的最佳工艺。方法测定红霉素明胶微球的平均粒径、载药量、包封率,并对工艺重现性进行研究。结果红霉素明胶微球的形态圆整,且药物确已包裹在微球中,微球的平均粒径为(14.15±0.20)μm,载药量(5.83±0.38)%,包封率为(65.70±0.56)%,7-28μm占总数的90.16%以上,最佳工艺条件重现性良好。结论获得了制备红霉素明胶微球较为满意的工艺。 更多还原     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.