超声处理对Mg-9Al-3Si合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了超声处理对Mg-9Al-3Si合金凝固组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,通过控制超声工艺参数可改善Mg-9Al-3Si合金凝固组织,提高其力学性能的目的。在超声功率为0~900W时,随着超声功率增大,合金中的Mg2Si相逐渐细化,其抗拉强度先增后减,转折点为700W。在超声处理时间为0~90s时,随着超声处理时间延长,合金中的Mg2Si相逐渐细化,其抗拉强度先增后减,转折点为60s。分析其断口发现,未经超声处理的合金断裂形式为解理断裂,经过超声处理的合金断口解理台阶尺寸减小,呈准解理断裂特征。     

超声孕育处理对AS41镁合金凝固组织的影响

采用连续功率超声对AS41镁合金熔体进行孕育处理,研究超声处理功率(强度)、处理时间和处理温度等工艺条件对其凝固组织的影响规律。通过对凝固金相和低倍组织观察以及XRD和Mg2Si相的点阵常数计算,结果表明:连续功率超声孕育处理可以显著细化AS41镁合金的凝固组织,晶粒尺寸仅为无超声处理时的30%～50%;适当提高超声强度和处理温度以及适当延长处理时间均可增强细化效果。优化的处理条件如下:超声强度为30～40W/cm2,处理时间为50～80s,处理温度为650～700℃。此外,超声处理也使Mg2Si相细化和球化,Mg2Si相的点阵常数也发生明显变化。     

超声处理对Al-Si活塞合金组织和力学性能的影响

对不同温度的Al-12Si-4Cu-Mg-2Ni活塞合金熔体进行了超声处理,研究了超声处理温度和超声功率对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,超声处理细化了初生Si、共晶Si,提升了合金力学性能。熔体温度为720℃时的细化效果优于650℃和690℃。熔体温度为720℃,超声功率为0~1400W时,初生Si的平均等积圆直径从40.73μm减小到23.35μm;共晶Si的平均长度从39.6μm减小到27.1μm;第二相的形态未发生改变;与未超声处理相比,合金的室温抗拉强度和350℃高温抗拉强度分别提高了21.9%和22.8%。     

高能超声处理Al-1Si合金凝固组织分析

采用高能超声处理Al-1Si合金熔体,借助金相显微镜和电子探针进行组织分析,并测定合金的熔化潜热,分析了熔体中超声空化效应和声流效应影响凝固过程的机理。结果表明,试样晶粒平均尺寸由超声处理前的94μm减小到超声处理后的34μm;合金试样的熔化吸热量由263.90J/g降低为159.81J/g,在熔体中施加高能超声显著改善了合金成分的均匀性并细化了晶粒。     

熔体混合与电磁搅拌对Al-20Si合金中初生Si相的细化效果

采用电磁搅拌和熔体混合技术制备Al-20Si合金,研究表明,单纯采用电磁搅拌技术制备Al-20Si时,会产生偏析层,其初生Si相平均尺寸在60μm以上;而采用熔体混合+电磁搅拌复合处理可使Al-20Si合金中的初生Si相尺寸降至16μm以下,并消除在单纯电磁搅拌合金边缘出现的粗大的初生Si相的偏析层。熔体混合处理处理还可以强化过共晶Al-20Si合金的电磁搅拌效果,获得良好细化效果。     

熔体超声处理对Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用超声处理器对Al-Si合金熔体进行处理,研究超声功率对Al-12Si-4Cu-3Ni-Mg合金显微组织与力学性能的影响,并分析其作用机理。结果表明:合金熔体超声处理后,铸态组织中初晶硅相由粗大多边形变成细小且均匀分散的颗粒,α-Al细小圆整,富铁相由粗大的十字状转变为细小的块状;当熔体处理温度720℃、超声功率1.5k W、处理时间2 min时,合金的350℃抗拉强度和伸长率分别为110 MPa和5%,是未经超声处理的1.33倍和1.67倍;随超声功率的增加,初晶硅尺寸逐渐减少并呈线性关系;超声处理提高了Al-Si合金熔体凝固过程中初晶相、共晶相的析出温度,细化了合金组织。     

熔体保温条件下超声波对Al—1％Si合金凝固组织的影响

研究了Al-1%Si合金在保温条件下超声波处理对其凝固组织的影响,考察了不同保温温度、不同处理时间及不同冷却方式条件下Al-1%Si合金凝固组织的变化规律。试验表明:在不同保温温度条件下,当保温温度较高时,超声波处理熔体的晶粒细化效果不明显,晶粒粗大;随着保温温度的下降,铸锭中等轴晶的数量先呈递增趋势;当在两相区内进行超声波处理时,晶粒细化效果降低,等轴晶数量明显减少,可以认为存在一个适当的超声波处理温度。此外,坩埚材质和冷却方式对保温处理后熔体凝固组织有很大的影响。     

Al-30Cu-3P中间合金组织及其对Al-20Si合金的变质效果

采用熔体混合法制备Al-30Cu-3P中间合金,研究了熔体混合情况下制备的Al-30Cu-3P中间合金凝固组织的演变及其对Al-20Si合金的变质效果。结果表明,Al-30Cu-3P中间合金组织由初生α-Al+(α-Al+CuAl2)共晶+AlP组成。随着熔体搅拌时间延长,Al-30Cu-3P合金的组织中,初生α-Al相数量逐渐减少,AlP数量逐渐增多,尺寸逐渐增大。熔体搅拌时间为20 min时制备的Al-30Cu-3P中间合金中形成的AlP尺寸最小,将其加入到Al-20Si合金中进行变质,初生Si的尺寸由61.36μm细化到20.24μm。     

Si对往复挤压Mg-Al-Si再结晶组织和力学性能的影响

利用往复挤压细化了Mg-4Al-2Si、Mg-4Al-4Si和Mg-6Al-6Si合金组织,分析了Si含量对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Si含量增加,基体晶粒和Mg2Si颗粒粗化,拉伸强度降低。基体组织细化受Mg2Si相的形态和均匀性控制,为再结晶和Mg2Si相阻碍晶界移动的复合机制,力学性能主要由基体晶粒尺寸决定。     

电脉冲孕育处理Al-22Si合金衰退性的研究

研究了电脉冲孕育处理后不同静置时间对Al-22Si合金凝固组织中初生相形态、大小、分布的影响。结果表明，电脉冲处理后立刻浇注对Al-22Si合金有较明显的变质作用，初生Si相形态由粗大板条状变为块状，其平均尺寸由153．15μm降至77．35μm，分布也较均匀；但电脉冲处理也存在着较明显的衰退性，即随着熔体静置时间的延长孕育效果逐渐消失，当静置时间为80min时，其组织形态与未经电脉冲处理的组织相似，其平均尺寸由77．35μm升至143．67μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.