一种LTE与WLAN间垂直切换新算法

为提高用户在异构网络中的服务质量(QoS),减少切换产生的乒乓效应,文中提出了一种LTE和WLAN网络垂直切换新算法。该算法考虑了衰落对接收信号强度(RSS)的影响,基于RSS选出目标网络,根据用户移动速度并结合代价函数选出最佳网络,代价函数中采用了层次分析法来确定时延、资费和用户偏好等参数的权重。仿真结果表明,文中所提的垂直切换算法有效降低了“乒乓效应”,并提高了通信网络的服务质量。     

Signal Strength Ratio Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms in Integrated Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, we propose the signal strength ratio (SSR) based vertical handoff (VHO) algorithms and the averaged received signal strength (ARSS) based VHO algorithms for integrated networks of wireless local area network (WLAN) and 3G network. The performance of our proposed VHO algorithms with hysteresis and dwell timer approaches has been investigated for two different topologies of integrated heterogeneous network. Two different network topologies consider two different types of radio cell arrangement. A mobile terminal (MT) is moving within the coverage area of WLAN and 3G with constant velocity. The received signal strength at the MT of interest is measured at different sampling instant. The received signal strength with other additional parameters is used to determine the condition of VHO. We evaluate the decision delay, and the number of vertical handoffs between WLAN and 3G network using the proposed VHO algorithms. We compare the performance of our proposed VHO algorithms with existing RSS based VHO algorithm. Our proposed SSR and ARSS based VHO algorithms provide less decision delay as compared to existing RSS based VHO algorithm. Further, ARSS with dwell timer based VHO algorithm provides better performance than other VHO algorithms.     

基于运动趋势的模糊逻辑垂直切换算法

随着无线异构网络的融合,移动性管理技术成为其关键问题,而切换管理又是移动性管理的重要部分。针对垂直切换管理提出了一种基于运动趋势的模糊逻辑垂直切换算法。算法分为预判定、模糊逻辑控制及切换判决3个过程。首先,在预判定阶段根据MN的运动趋势及接收信号强度滤除掉不适宜接入WLAN的网络信息,从而有效减少不必要的数据量和系统开销;其次,将接收信号强度、网络的可用带宽和网络开销送入模糊逻辑控制器,通过参数的归一量化最终得到网络综合性能值(VCPN);最后,通过综合考虑VCPN和驻留时间来进行网络切换判决。仿真结果显示,该算法能够有针对性地做出切换判决,有效消除乒乓效应,提高网络切换性能。     

一种基于异构网络的自适应垂直切换算法

提出一种基于WSN与WLAN异构网络环境下无缝移动通信的垂直切换算法。该算法针对日益普及的传感器网络自身特点与室内应急通信应用的特殊性,提出网络选取优先级参数。针对传感器网络在应急通信等特殊场合的应用．制定了专门的切换判决策略。实验分析表明,该算法可以一定程度地提高通信网络对现场场景变化的适应程度,满足室内环境下异构网络通信的需求。     

基于层次分析法的WLAN/蜂窝网络切换判决算法

针对WLAN/蜂窝异构网络的特点,提出了基于层次分析法的网络切换判决算法。算法综合考虑了网络状态及用户业务特征,分别采用SAW法和TOPSIS法对网络组合权向量进行了计算,仿真表明基于层次分析法的TOPSIS法与SAW法相比,更适合时延敏感业务的网络切换判决。     

无线异构网络的垂直切换算法研究

以通用移动通信系统(UMTS)与无线局域网(WLAN)融合为例,研究无线异构网络的垂直切换算法。由于垂直切换算法应考虑因素的复杂性以及不同网络性能的各异性,有必要对现有算法作出归纳总结比较,并据此提出新的垂直切换算法。该算法以代价函数为基础,将稳定周期与切换目标网络和当前服务网络的效用函数联系起来,实现移动节点自适应的切换判决。提出的算法能有效减少不必要的切换,增强异构网络的适应性。     

Performance of handoff algorithm based on distance and RSSI measurements

The performance of a proposed handoff algorithm based on both the distance of a mobile station to neighboring base stations and the relative signal strength measurements is evaluated. The algorithm performs handoff when the measured distance from the serving base station exceeds that from the candidate base station by a given threshold and if the measured signal strength of the adjacent base station exceeds that of the serving base station by a given hysteresis level. The average handoff delay and average number of handoffs are used as criteria for performance. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the distance-based handoff algorithm, including results for an additional criterion based on relative signal strength. The proposed algorithm is compared with an algorithm based on absolute and relative signal strength measurements and with a solely distance-based algorithm. It is found that the proposed handoff algorithm performs well in a log-normal fading environment when the distance estimate error is modeled by wide-sense stationary additive white Gaussian noise.     

一种基于模糊逻辑的预判决辅助垂直切换算法

针对全IP核心网络的不同无线接入技术,提出一种基于预判决模糊逻辑的垂直切换算法.引入预判决方法有效减少不必要的数据量和系统开销.采用前向差分预测能够较准确地预测出下一时刻的信号强度,提高了切换触发速度和切换判决精度.采用模糊逻辑的方法,以接收信号强度、预测信号强度及可用带宽作为网络参量设计模糊逻辑控制器,进而采用归一量化的方法改进模糊逻辑系统,得到网络的综合性能值进行垂直切换判决.仿真分析表明,本文提出的算法能够较准确做出切换判决,有效消除乒乓效应,提高系统性能.     

车辆异构网络中预测垂直切换算法

在车辆异构网络中,针对垂直切换决策时刻之后网络状态的动态变化,提高切换性能问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫过程的预测垂直切换(M-VHO)算法。算法考虑了切换决策后网络状态的动态变化对车辆终端服务质量(QoS)的影响。其基本思路是:在需要垂直切换时,利用马尔可夫过程的转移概率预测未来网络状态的变化;另外,采用模糊逻辑方法确定评价属性参数权重;最后,比较切换决策、切换执行和切换之后时刻的总收益来优化选择最佳切换网络。仿真结果证明,该算法在确保较高负载均衡的情况下,可有效改进车辆终端的平均阻塞率及丢包率,降低乒乓效应,确保了车辆终端的QoS。     

一种基于模糊逻辑的切换算法

针对蜂窝移动系统的越区切换,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的切换判决算法.通过仿真与只以信号强度为指标的传统切换算法进行了性能比较,结果表明:采用多指标判决的模糊逻辑切换算法能够有效降低系统的掉话率和切换数量,提高服务等级.     

Spectrum handoff in cognitive radio with fuzzy logic control

The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio (CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication. When Primary Users (PU) who own the spectrum appear, spectrum handoff is needed to maintain the communications of Secondary Users. But the decision making of spectrum handoff is a challenge issue for CR network, because the input of decision making, which obtain through spectrum sensing, is heterogeneous and inexact. In this paper we will use fuzzy logic control theory to solve this issue and make use of new information for handoff operation: the probability of PU’s occupancy at a certain channel. Our new algorithm can make more intelligent decision compared to simple traditional spectrum handoff decision making and reduce the probability of spectrum handoff, also the performance of SU’s communication can be enhanced.     

Vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous networks for reducing interference

A vertical handoff decision algorithm in heterogeneous networks composed of CDMA Cell Networks (CN) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed to minimize the total interference in CDMA. The scope of WLAN is determined by minimizing interference and each communicating node shall handoff to WLAN as soon as it enters the scope. We first propose a model for heterogeneous networks, and based on it we obtain the close-form expression of interference. In order to minimize interference, we use simulation annealing method to get the WLAN radius, which is called basic algorithm. In order to reduce the interference further, we improve the basic and get the enhanced algorithm. Through numerical computing, we analyze the interference in condition of different call arrive rates, and results show that the enhanced can reduce interference more greatly than the basic.     

Immune optimization algorithm for solving vertical handoff decision problem in heterogeneous wireless network

In heterogeneous wireless network environment, wireless local area network (WLAN) is usually deployed within the coverage of a cellular network to provide users with the convenience of seamless roaming among heterogeneous wireless access networks. Vertical handoffs between the WLAN and the cellular network maybe occur frequently. As for the vertical handoff performance, there is a critical requirement for developing algorithms for connection management and optimal resource allocation for seamless mobility. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for vertical handoff decision problem, and propose a multi-objective optimization immune algorithm-based vertical handoff decision scheme. The proposed scheme can enable a wireless access network not only to balance the overall load among all base stations and access points but also maximize the collective battery lifetime of mobile terminals. Results based on a detailed performance evaluation study are also presented here to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.     

Seamless vertical handoff using modified weed optimization algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks

In the global scenario, a variety of wireless access networks are available. Different types of applications such as real time, nonreal time, and high bandwidth availability are used for heterogeneous wireless networks. Therefore, it is necessary for a service provider to make an appropriate connection support. For better performance, connections are to be exchanged among the different networks using seamless vertical handoff (VHO). The proposed algorithm shows the effect of optimization technique, which involves handoff decision process using vertical handoff triggering and selection of the network. The handoff triggering is initiated by using the received signal strength (RSS). In traditional method, handoff triggering is initiated by using RSS only. This method, modified weed optimization (M-WO) algorithm, reduces the unnecessary handoff by considering both RSS and velocity of the mobile node in handoff triggering. The parameters such as battery lifetime, handoff call dropping rate, load, dynamic weights adaptation and so on are to be considered individually or combined to make an effective network selection process. This paper highlights a novel effect ofM-WOalgorithm for decision making during the VHO. Our effort is to essentially optimize the system load, so that it reduces the handoff call dropping rate and the battery power consumption of the mobile node (MN). Weight of each QoS metrics is adjusted along with the networks changing conditions to trace the M-WO. Therefore, the novel VHO decision-making algorithm is superior to the existing SSF and OPTG methods. The simulation results show that the performance ofM-WOalgorithm is far better than SSF andOPTGmethods in terms of load, handoff call dropping rate and battery lifetime of MN.     

A trajectory-aware handoff algorithm based on GPS information

In this paper, we propose a trajectory-aware handoff algorithm based on position, velocity, signaling delay, and receive signal strength (RSS) of mobile terminal (MT). In order to provide seamless service in modern heterogeneous networks, handoff of the MT should be initiated with correct timing. In our algorithm, velocity of MT is divided into two parts as radial velocity and tangential velocity. For more precise handoff initiation, tangential velocity of MT is neglected, and only radial velocity of MT is considered in handoff decision making. Moreover, before handoff decision, least square line method is applied to RSS of MT to avoid unnecessary back-and-forth handoffs (ping-pong handoffs) between different services. A simulation is provided to compare the proposed algorithm with other various handoff methods, and the results prove this algorithm to have outperformed others.     

一种基于上下文感知的垂直切换技术研究

未来网络的发展趋势是各种无线接入网络共存的异构网络环境,而垂直切换技术是融合多个异构接入网络的关键技术之一,垂直切换包括三个阶段,即系统发现、切换决策和切换执行。文中主要研究了基于上下文感知的垂直切换判决策略,并与移动垂直切换技术相结合,实现了WLAN/UMTS网络间的垂直切换,通过仿真表明该方法在吞吐量和切换时延方面都得到改善。     

Analysis of handoff algorithms using both absolute and relativemeasurements

An analytic model has been previously developed for evaluating the performance of handoff algorithms based on relative signal strength measurements, i.e., the difference of signal strength from two base stations (BSs). The present authors have extended this analysis by including an additional criterion based on absolute signal strength in the handoff decision algorithm. The absolute signal strength is the averaged value of the received signal level from the current serving BS measured by the mobile unit. This value has to be below a fixed threshold to initiate a handoff (a necessary, not sufficient condition). In this way, the mobile unit should be assigned to a new BS if the absolute signal strength from the old BS drops below the threshold and the relative signal strength between the new and old BS reaches the hysteresis level. The model is proved to be sufficiently accurate by comparison with simulation. The effect of adding absolute signal strength is illustrated     

一种基于移动趋势量化的多属性垂直切换判决算法

由于对终端移动趋势的不明确,基站容易盲目发起切换,并导致较高的切换失败率。该文在LTE-WiMAX网络构成的异构无线网络环境下对现有的垂直切换算法进行了优化。该优化算法考虑了终端移动趋势,利用趋势量化参数来推断终端最终的目标区域,解决已有判决算法中存在的不必要切换过多的问题,提高切换成功率。在衰落信道下的计算机仿真结果表明,该优化算法可以减小切换中的切换失败率,从而提高网络的切换性能。     

Node to Node Performance Evaluation through RYU SDN Controller

In this paper a novel jamming technique is presented. The idea of the proposed jamming technique is based on adding inphase and quadrature impairments to the jamming signal. The jammer is simply a quadrature phase shift keying signal. The bit error rate probability (BER) of the proposed jamming signal is derived analytically and validated with the aid of the software defined radio SystemVue design software. The standard multi input multi output (MIMO) wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE802.11n communication system is chosen as the victim system. Its BER performance is simulated in the presence of the proposed jamming signal in multipath fading channel. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed jamming signal on the MIMO WLAN IEEE802.11n communication system is practically measured in the laboratory where a practical experiment is held and the efficiency of the proposed jamming signal is compared with the traditional single tone jamming signal. It will be shown practically that the proposed jamming technique outperforms the traditional single tone jamming signal by nearly 15 dBm on the impact of efficiently jam the MIMO WLAN IEEE802.11n communication system.

     

一种新的无线异构网络的自适应垂直切换算法

针对当前无线异构网络融合技术中的垂直切换机制,提出了一种以平均接收信号强度为评价指标,并由此指标判断可能的运动趋势的自适应垂直切换算法。仿真结果表明:相比于传统的固定门限的平均接收信号强度垂直切换算法,提出的方法能较好地预测并提前触发该发生的切换,改善切换性能。