广西烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性检测

【目的】研究广西烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性,为烟草黑胫病药剂防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用菌落生长速率法对从广西主要烟区采集分离到的196株烟草黑胫病菌株进行对甲霜灵的敏感性测定。【结果】甲霜灵对196株菌株的EC50在0.0691~1.0243 μg/mL,平均EC50为0.3618±0.0297 μg/mL;来自田林县的菌株TL05为最敏感菌株,EC50为0.0691 μg/mL;来自靖西县画洞镇的菌株ZXHD12为最耐药菌株,EC50为1.0243 μg/mL;各烟区烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性有一定差异,其中南丹、田林县的菌株较敏感,而隆林、靖西、德保、富川县的部分菌株较耐药;196株菌株中,敏感型、一般耐药型和耐药型菌株分别占1.53%、66.84% 和31.63%。【结论】广西烟草黑胫病菌已对甲霜灵产生不同程度的抗性,甲霜灵作为生产上防治烟草黑胫病的主要药剂具有较大的风险,建议生产上甲霜灵与其他杀菌剂进行轮换使用。     

毕节地区烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵抗药性的初步检测

为了解烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵产生的抗药性,采用菌落生长测定法,对从贵州省毕节地区5个县分离的9株烟草黑胫病菌进行了抗性测定.结果表明:烟草黑胫病菌菌丝生长对甲霜灵均存在不同程度的敏感性,EC50值平均为0.7 158μg/mL,其中,CGch-2的耐药性最强,EC50值为1.225 3 μg/mL.毕节地区的烟草黑胫病菌...     

银法利和烯酰吗啉对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力测定及田间防治试验

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了银法利(氟吡菌胺+霜霉威盐酸盐)、烯酰吗啉对7株来自广西不同烟区、对甲霜灵敏感性不同的烟草黑胫病菌的毒力,结果表明银法利、烯酰吗啉对7个烟草黑胫病菌株均具有很好的抑制作用,EC50值范围分别为1.1090～1.9661、0.6218～1.0625 mg/L,两者对甲霜灵敏感型、一般耐药型、耐药型的菌株的毒力无明显差异,说明它们与甲霜灵没有交互抗性.盆栽试验表明银法利和烯酰吗啉对耐甲霜灵菌株引起的黑胫病有良好的防治效果.2008 ～2010年的田间防治试验结果显示,68.75％银法利悬浮剂和50％烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂对烟草黑胫病具有很好的防效,显著优于常用药剂68％精甲霜灵·代森锰锌水分散粒剂的防效.     

攀西地区烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性

为了评估攀西地区烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性,对从不同地点采集的89个黑胫病菌菌株进行甲霜灵抗药性检测。结果表明,供试菌株中有3株对甲霜灵敏感,22株对甲霜灵敏感性处于中间状态,64株抗甲霜灵。敏感菌株、中间菌株和抗性菌株分别占总体的3.37%、24.72%和71.91%。不同地区的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性存在差异,其中以仁和地区的菌株最为敏感,EC50值最低0.676 2 mg/L,平均为1.478 4 mg/L;而其他地区的菌株表现出一定的抗药性,平均EC50为3.085 7 mg/L,最高达6.318 1 mg/L。     

我国三烟区烟草黑胫病菌对霜霉威的敏感性测定

从我国主要烟区云南、贵州和山东烟草病株上分离到38个烟草黑胫病菌Phytophthora nicotianae var.nic-otianae菌株,采用菌落生长速率法测定了这些菌株对霜霉威的敏感性.结果表明:霜霉威对38个菌株的EC50值呈连续双峰(主峰明显)频次分布,分布在2493.3～19625μg/mL之间,均值为9688.7±1396.4 μ/mL;在离体条件下,烟草黑胫病菌对霜霉威的敏感性高,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体.频次分析表明,霜霉威对组成连续双峰频次分布主峰的25个菌株的EC50均值为7136.1±929.93μg/mL,可作为烟草黑胫病菌对霜霉威的敏感性基线.     

烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性测定

为合理防治烟草黑胫病,减少抗药性产生,从云南省6个地州分离烟草黑胫病菌菌株34个,就分离菌株对甲霜灵的抗药性进行了测定,结果表明,供试34个菌株中中高抗菌株12个,中抗菌株比例较高5个,低抗菌株17个。不同来源的烟草黑胫病原菌株的抗药性存在差异,以文山、玉溪的菌株抗药性最高,昭通、曲靖菌株抗药性最低,抗性倍数最高达16倍,其余地州抗药性居中。不同地州分离菌株高、中、低抗菌株的比例存在明显差别。分离自楚雄双柏县雨龙乡的113#菌株抗药性最强,来自大理巍山县大仓镇的218#菌株抗药性最低。34株烟草黑胫病菌菌株对甲霜灵的EC50值平均为0.0148μg/ml,范围在0￣0.053μg/ml。     

烟草野火病菌对春雷霉素的敏感性测定及敏感基线建立

从黑龙江和吉林两省烟草主要种植区获得烟草野火病菌(Pseudomonas syringaepv.tabaci)菌株61株,采用抑菌圈法对4％春雷霉素可湿性粉剂进行了敏感性测定.结果表明,不同地理来源的烟草野火病菌对细菌杀星敏感性有一定差异,EC5o值分布在0.41～6.54μg/mL之间,平均为2.18μg/mL;黑龙江省虎林的菌株h16为最敏感菌株,其EC50为0.41μg/mL,而黑龙江亚布力菌株h22敏感性最低,其EC50为6.54μg/mL.确定了两省烟草野火病菌对春雷霉素的敏感基线为2.18μg/mL,可用于烟草野火病菌对春雷霉素的抗药性监测.     

辣椒疫霉菌对甲霜灵的敏感性测定

采用菌丝生长速率法测定江西省不同地区108株辣椒疫霉病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性.其结果表明,EC50值为0.189 0～0.741 3μg/mL,平均EC50为(0.418 3±0.012 0)μg/mL,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.92倍.108株菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性分布呈单峰曲线,末出现抗药性病原菌亚群体.根据总体一平...     

番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性检测

 【目的】研究广西番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,以期为该病的综合治理提供科学依据。【方法】用菌落生长直径法测定病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,并用叶盘漂浮法加以比较。【结果】2000～2006年,从广西8个冬春植番茄区采集分离了239个菌株,测定结果表明,对甲霜灵表现为敏感型、中间型和抗性型的频率分别为42.26%、35.98%和23.53%,不同地区和年份的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性差异很大。来自田林县、武宣县的菌株均为甲霜灵敏感性菌株,但在田阳县,抗甲霜灵菌株占优势,抗性频率高达51.35%,一些菌株的EC50值在500 µg•ml-1以上,抗性水平超过105倍。虽然霜脲氰在广西使用了近10年,烯酰吗啉也已应用了5～6年,但并未检测到番茄晚疫病菌对它们的敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,病菌的敏感性接近正态分布,因此可以采用它们的平均EC50值（霜脲氰0.1647±0.0255 µg•ml-1,烯酰吗啉0.0970±0.0052 µg•ml-1）作为抗药性监测的敏感性基线。叶盘漂浮法测定结果与菌落生长直径法一致。【结论】广西田林县、武宣县和南宁市番茄晚疫病菌尚未出现抗甲霜灵菌株,仍可用甲霜灵来防治该病,而其它地区则应减少或不使用甲霜灵,改用霜脲氰或烯酰吗啉。     

不同药剂对陆良县烟草黑胫病的防治效果研究

为了筛选出能有效防治烟草黑胫病的药剂,减少烟草黑胫病对烟草生产的危害,2016年4—7月在曲靖市陆良县新甲乡进行了不同药剂对烟草黑胫病的防效试验。结果表明:参试的6种试剂中,以70%甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂对烟草黑胫病的防治效果最好,其次是50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和50亿活芽孢/g多粘类芽孢杆菌。这3种药剂可以作为烟草生产中防治陆良烟区烟草黑胫病的首选药剂。     

甲霜灵与其他杀菌剂复配对烟草黑胫病菌联合毒力测定

[目的]为克服烟草黒胫病对甲霜灵的抗药性,有效控制其危害,研究开发新型甲霜灵高效复配剂。[方法]采用生长速率法测定了9种杀菌剂对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力,并在此基础上选取效果较好的杀菌剂与甲霜灵进行复配,确定最佳复配比。[结果]甲霜灵的毒力最强,EC50为2.1305μg/ml,其次为多菌灵、代森锰锌和烯酰吗啉,EC50分别为2.3579、2.6398、2.7788μg/ml。氰霜唑的效果最差,EC50为6.2788μg/ml。效果较好的烯酰吗啉、多菌灵、代森锰锌3种杀菌剂与甲霜灵的最佳复配比分别为40：60、30：70和20：80,其共毒系数分别为138.80、124.25和115.00。[结论]复配剂具有推广应用的价值,可进一步开展大田试验。     

Sensitivities of Phytophthora infestans to Metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, and Dimethomorph

The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were determined for the sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph to give the basic information for integrating disease management. Sensitivities were tested by measuring the radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. 239 isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000-2006. The testing results indicated that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates to metalaxyl were 42.26, 35.98, and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities amongst isolates from different areas or different years were very high for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of certain isolates from Tianyang were higher than 500 μg mL-1 and their resistance levels were over 100000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used for nearly 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, there was no decrease in sensitivity of P. infestans populations and the sensitivities of the pathogen were nearly normally distributed. Hence, their mean EC50 value [cymoxanil (0.1647±0.0255) μg mL-1, dimethomorph (0.0970±0.0052) μg mL-1] could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the field resistance development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicates that both the techniques provided equivalent results. These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan, and Nanning due to the resistant isolates that have not been found, while for those areas with resistant isolate, the use of metalaxyl should be reduced or alternated, and cymoxanil or dimethomorph was recommended for controlling late blight disease of tomato.     

三种药剂对烟草黑胫病防治效果研究

[目的]探讨有效防治烟草黑胫病的药剂。[方法]比较寡雄腐霉菌、烯酰吗啉和精甲霜灵·代森锰锌对烟草黑胫病的防治效果。[结果]用菌丝生长速率法测定寡雄腐酶菌对烟草黑胫病菌丝EC50为0.113μg/ml,烯酰吗啉EC50为0.713μg/ml;田间防治效果显示,寡雄腐霉菌显示出良好的防治效果(64.07%),与精甲霜·锰锌(65.35%)差异不显著,且略高于烯酰吗啉(63.85%)。[结论]寡雄腐霉菌能显著降低烟草黑胫病的发病率和病情指数,显示出良好的防治效果。     

Sensitivities of Phytophthora infestans to Metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, and Dimethomorph

The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were determined for the sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph to give the basic information for integrating disease management. Sensitivities were tested by measuring the radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. 239 isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000-2006. The testing results indicated that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates to metalaxyl were 42.26, 35.98, and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities amongst isolates from different areas or different years were very high for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of certain isolates from Tianyang were higher than 500 μg·mL^-1 and their resistance levels were over 100 000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used for nearly 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, there was no decrease in sensitivity of P. infestans populations and the sensitivities of the pathogen were nearly normally distributed. Hence, their mean ECs0 value [cymoxanil （0.1647 ±0.0255） μg·mL^-1, dimethomorph （0.0970 ± 0.0052） μg·mL^-1 could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the field resistance development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicates that both the techniques provided equivalent results. These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan, and Nanning due to the resistant isolates that have not been found, while for those areas with resistant isolate, the use of metalaxyl should be reduced or alternated, and cymoxanil or dimethomorph was recommended for controlling late blight disease of tomato.     

烟草黑胫病菌对7种杀菌剂的敏感性

采用7种杀菌剂对烟草黑胫病菌室内毒力,并通过对比EC_(50)的方法得出烟草黑胫病菌的抗性水平。结果表明:在7种杀菌剂中,1%的申嗪霉素SC对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力最强,其EC_(50)值为0.0684μg/m L;其次为40%氟硅唑EC,EC_(50)值为0.1276μg/m L。70%丙森锌WP对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力最差,其EC_(50)值为85.4334μg/m L。根据结果得出烟草黑胫病菌对1%的申嗪霉素SC和40%氟硅唑EC表现敏感且抗性水平范围均小于1μg/m L;对70%丙森锌WP已达到高抗水平且抗性水平范围大于100μg/m L。     

芥菜提取物对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌活性及抑菌谱测定

[目的]研究芥菜提取物的抑菌活性,为开发芥菜作为杀菌剂应用于农业生产奠定基础,为芥菜资源的合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,测定芥菜提取物对西瓜枯萎病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、葡萄座腔菌和烟草黑胫菌等植物病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。[结果]结果表明,采用不同有机溶剂获得的芥菜提取物对西瓜枯萎病均有一定抑制作用,以95%乙醇提取的抑菌效果最好,其提取物的抑菌率可达90%以上。最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC)分别为0.5 g/mL和1.0 g/mL,通过毒力方程的测定,它的半抑菌浓度(EC50)为0.2212 g/mL。通过试验对其他10种植物病原菌的抑菌活性表明：芥菜乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯菌、葡萄座腔菌、烟草黑胫菌、辣椒菌核病菌等4种病原菌的抑菌效果较强,其EC50分别为0.0898 g/mL、0.1265 g/mL、0.1679 g/mL、0.1685 g/mL,对葡萄炭疽病菌的抑制效果最弱,EC50为0.5833 g/mL。[结论]芥菜提取物具有很强的抑菌活性,并且具有较广的杀菌谱,值得进一步深入研究。