Puissance critique de l’enfant prépubère et de l’adulte

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare aerobic and anerobic abilities of prepubertal children and adults with the critical power concept.

Methods

Sixteen children (10.3 ± 0.9 years) and 15 adults (23.5 ± 3.6 years) performed five tests: a maximal-graded test and four constant load exercises until exhaustion. Critical power (CP) and anaerobic-work capacity (CTA) were determined from the power-1/time (P-t) linear relationship.

Results

Determination coefficients for P-t were 0.94 ± 0.05 in children and 0.96 ± 0.04 in adults. PC values were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in children (2.7 ± 0.4 W/kg) than in adults (3.1 ± 0.3 W/kg). CTA values were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in children (136.4 ± 50.8 J/kg) than in adults (247.1 ± 45.7 J/kg).

Conclusion

Satisfying determination coefficients for CP and CTA were found in children and adults. Children have a lower CP and CTA than adults. This result is in accordance with literature.     

Técnicas de recanalización vertebrobasilar antes de la introducción de las endoprótesis recuperadoras: la reapertura no es sinónimo de buena evolución

Objectives

To evaluate the recanalization rate and clinical outcome three months after endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar occlusion before the placement of stentrievers.

Material and methods

We reviewed all cases of basilar thrombosis treated with endovascular techniques at our center. We reviewed the clinical outcomes with the main objective of determining the recanalization rate and the secondary objective of evaluating the outcome using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) three months after treatment. We assessed clinical and angiographic variables and correlated them with outcome and complications.

Results

We reviewed a total of 27 consecutive patients (mean age, 58.1 ± 15.5 y; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), 21, interquartile range, 18-29; median Glasgow coma score (GCS) 7, interquartile range, 4-9.5). The mean time between the onset of symptoms and endovascular treatment was 26.3 ± 41.7 hours. Complete or partial recanalization was achieved in 23 (85.1%) patients. Three months after treatment, 16 (59.2%) had died and 6 (22.2%) had good outcome (mRS ≤ 2).

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment achieved a high rate of recanalization of occlusions of the basilar artery. Nevertheless, a high percentage of the patients did not have a good outcome. New materials might improve the prognosis in these patients.     

Effets d'une restriction hydrique et alimentaire prolongée (ramadan) sur la performance et les réponses cardiovasculaires au cours d'un exercice incrémental en milieu tropical chaud

Backgroung

Previous studies showed that maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were not different during prolonged fasting (ramadan) compared to normal feeding period. However, the effect of ramadan on the blood pressure response during incremental exercise has not been investigated.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of blood pressure during incremental trial in ramadan period.

Methods

Twelve young trained male aged 24 ± 4 yrs participated as voluntary subjects. Their anthropometric parameters, maximal aerobic power and maximal heart were measured in fasting and in normal feeding periods during incremental trial on cycle ergometer.

Results

No significant difference was observed in any anthropometric parameter. Maximal aerobic power of fasting period was significantly less (P < 0,05) compared to normal feeding. Heart rate at rest, at maximal exercise and during a 15 min period of recovery was not significantly affected. Systolic blood pressure of fasting period at maximal power was significantly lower than during the control period (P < 0,05).

Conclusion

Ramadan negatively influences the capacity of maximal power and cardiovascular response at maximal power.     

Effets psychologiques d’une administration de courte durée de prednisolone

Introduction

The aim of the study is to assess the psychological effects of a short-term therapeutical prednisolone intake.

Synthesis

We studied, according to a double-blind, randomized cross-over protocol, the effects of a seven day prednisolone intake (60 mg/day) in 10 healthy male subjects on global health and mood state. No significant change was found between the treatments (prednisolone/placebo) in the 15 variables investigated. However, tendencies appeared revealing an increase of self-esteem, personal accomplishment and athletic identification, as well as a decrease in negative affect for the subjects under treatment.

Conclusion

These results could reveal a psychological impact of glucocorticoid intake and should be confirmed by a further study with athletes submitted to a more intense physical activity.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

Uchi-komi avec charge,une approche physiologique d'un nouveau test spécifique au judo

Objective

The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a specific test to evaluate the physical condition of judo players.

Subjects and methods

Twenty-three volunteers, males, aged 22 ± 3.62 years old took part in our experiment. They did the progressive test of Leger et al. (1984), vertical Jump test (Sargent test), Australian shuttle run test and a specific judo test.

Results

The observed results showed significant correlations between muscular power and the number of Uchi-komi on the judo test reference scale (R = 0.52, P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were other correlations between the number of Uchi-komi at the two first sets of specific judo test and the anaerobic power represented by the distance covered in 30s at the Australian shuttle test (R = 0.86, P < 0.01), also between the anaerobic capacity represented by the whole distance covered and the total number of Uchi-komi achieved at the judo test (R = 0.88, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The test reproduces the physiological characteristics of judo fight. It is a good indicator of the judoka's physical fitness and their cardiovascular adaptation in a physical effort.     

Effets d'une complémentation nutritionnelle en vitamines et minéraux sur la chute de force et les marqueurs biologiques consécutifs à un exercice excentrique chez des personnes âgées

Purpose

The effects of vitamins and minerals complex supplementation on maximal voluntary contraction decrease (FMV) and biological markers following an eccentric exercise at old people.

Method

Sixteen elderly subjects took either placebo (Pl group) or vitamins and minerals (Isoxan Senior, NHS, Rungis, France) (group S) for 21 d before an eccentric exercise and for 3 d after the exercise. The FMV and surface EMG activity (RMS) of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus médialis (VM) and rectus fémoris (RF) were recorded before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 24 h (Post 24) and 48 h (Post 48) after the exercise. CCVThe creatine kinase (CK), lactate déshydrogénase, malondialdéhyde, and tumor necrosis Factor (TNFα) levels were analyzed.

Results

The reduced MVC (S: 11,2 ± 4,8%; Pl: 17,8 ± 10,4%, P < 0,01) after exercise was associated with a significant reduction in RMS VL, RMS VM and RMS RF values for both groups. A faster FMV recovery appeared at 48 h for the S group (P < 0.05). CK and TNFα values increased in post-exercise.

Conclusion

A dietary supplementation of a vitamin and mineral complex does not attenuate the loss of contractile function immediately after the running exercise, and it may accelerate the recovery of maximal force capacity after 48 h by limiting the post-exercise pro-inflammatory processes.     

Effet d'un entraînement en endurance sur les concentrations de l'IGF-1 plasmatique chez le rat

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endurance training on IGF-1, corticosterone and insulin levels in male sedentary and trained rats.

Facts

IGF-1 concentrations decrease after training (p < 0.05), those of corticosterone increase (p < 0.01) whereas insulin levels remain stable.

Conclusion

A short period of endurance training leads to catabolic state with a decrease in IGF-1 concentrations and increase in corticosterone levels.     

30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test et répétition de sprints

Introduction

The maximal running velocity (V_IFT) reached at the end of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Tests (30-15_IFT) is very well related to most physiologic determinants of team-sport performance: explosive power of lower limbs, speed, maximal aerobic power and the ability to recover between exercise bouts. Nevertheless, its relationship with repeated sprint ability (RSA) was unknown.

Synthesis of the facts

Present results in 84 team-sport athletes show that V_IFT is very well related to mean sprint time during a RSA test (p > 0.001).

Conclusion

We conclude that V_IFT is highly representative of most physiologic determinants of performance in team-sports, and could thus been used to monitor athletic performance of team-sport players.     

Energía dual y angioTC de carótidas: calidad,eliminación de hueso y dosis de radiación de 80/140 kV frente a 100/140 kV

Objective

To study the differences in vascular image quality, bone subtraction, and dose of radiation of dual energy CT angiography of the supraaortic trunks using different tube voltages.

Material and methods

We reviewed the CT angiograms of the supraaortic trunks in 46 patients acquired with a 128-slice dual source CT scanner using two voltage protocols (80/140 kV and 100/140 kV). The “head bone removal” tool was used for postprocessing. We divided the arteries into 15 segments. In each segment, we evaluated the image quality of the vessels and the effectiveness of bone removal in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) and in maximum intensity projections (MIP) with each protocol, analyzing the trabecular and cortical bones separately. We also evaluated the dose of radiation received.

Results

Of the 46 patients, 13 were studied using 80/140 kV and 33 with 100/140 kV. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age or sex. Image quality in four segments was better in the group examined with 100/140 kV. Cortical bone removal in MPR and MIP and trabecular bone removal in MIP were also better in the group examined with 100/140 kV. The dose of radiation received was significantly higher in the group examined with 100/140 kV (1.16 mSv with 80/140 kV vs. 1.59 mSv with 100/140 kV).

Conclusion

Using 100/140 kV increases the dose of radiation but improves the quality of the study of arterial segments and bone subtraction.     

Overtraining syndrome : la piste de la suractivité ?

Introduction

Overtraining is clearly a multifactorial disturbance. We aimed at evaluating the relative importance of overactivity and nutritional imbalances.

Methods

A comparison of 17 footballers with seven subjects with a diagnosis of overtraining evidenced that the two groups differ by energy expenditure resulting from physical activity (1573 ± 378.6 kcal/d from 804.7 ± 184.7 kcal/d) while food intake does not exhibit significant differences.

Conclusion

In this sample of subjects, inadequate food intake is found in both groups, so that overtraining appears rather characterized by a higher level of physical activity. Therefore, a relative energy deficit resulting from overactivity rather than dietary mistakes appears to explain the syndrome in these athletes, who are thus truly “overtrained”.     

Qualités physiques requises pour la performance en sprint avec changements de directions types sports collectifs

Purpose

To explore qualities necessary to succeed in (swerve-sprinting) sprints with changes of direction.

Method

Two biometric measurements (body mass (MC); lean body mass (MM)) and three tests (20 m sprint two-point start 20 Da, 20 m swerve-sprint: 20Dc on track equipped with a force platform, and half squat) are carried out by nine players of team sports.

Results

The multiple linear regression shows that 44% of 20Dc performance are explained by relative maximum force (developed on the 20 Da) and the MM relative.

Conclusion

Coordination could represent 50% of unexplained 20Dc performance.     

MMP2 and MMP9 plasma levels as markers of bone remodeling: a study on young male tennis players

Introduction

Our goal is to study the effects of tennis practice in pre-pubescent boys on bone remodeling, by means of enzyme activity involved in balance of matrix remodeling (MMP2 and MMP9).

Results

Mineral bone density has been found higher in the dominant arm (P < 0.0001) as well as MMP2 and MMP9 levels in plasma (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tennis practice in children increases bone remodeling, which can be assessed by MMP dosage, in addition of densitometry technique.     

Reproducibilidad y exactitud en la cuantificación morfométrica y mecánica del hueso trabecular a partir de imágenes de resonancia magnética de Tesla

Objective

We used an animal model to analyze the reproducibility and accuracy of certain biomarkers of bone image quality in comparison to a gold standard of computed microtomography (μCT).

Material and methods

We used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and μCT to study the metaphyses of 5 sheep tibiae. The MR images (3 Teslas) were acquired with a T1-weighted gradient echo sequence and an isotropic spatial resolution of 180 μm. The μCT images were acquired using a scanner with a spatial resolution of 7.5 μm isotropic voxels. In the preparation of the images, we applied equalization, interpolation, and thresholding algorithms. In the quantitative analysis, we calculated the percentage of bone volume (BV/TV), the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), the trabecular index (Tb.N), the 2 D fractal dimension (D^2D), the 3 D fractal dimension (D^3D), and the elastic module in the three spatial directions (Ex, Ey and Ez).

Results

The morphometric and mechanical quantification of trabecular bone by MR was very reproducible, with percentages of variation below 9% for all the parameters. Its accuracy compared to the gold standard (μCT) was high, with errors less than 15% for BV/TV, D^2D, D^3D, and E_appx, E_appy and E_appz.

Conclusions

Our experimental results in animals confirm that the parameters of BV/TV, D^2D, D^3D, and E_appx, E_appy and E_appz obtained by MR have excellent reproducibility and accuracy and can be used as imaging biomarkers for the quality of trabecular bone.     

Effets d’un exercice de type anaérobie sur le statut antioxydant enzymatique au cours de la récupération chez les judokas

Aim

To evaluate the effect of the anaerobic exercise on the enzymatic antioxidant statute in judokas’ regional level, because the effects of anaerobic exercise on the free radicals and antioxidants are relatively rare and have some divergences.

Materials and methods

We made this study on ten male judokas (age = 18.1 ± 1.6 years; weight = 77.2 ± 11.6 kg; height = 176.4 ± 4.6 cm), which carried out 30 seconds anaerobic capacity test (Wingate test). Blood samples were taken, by an intravenous catheter, at rest (R), immediately after the Wingate test (P0) then five minutes later (P5), 10 minutes later (P10) then 20 minutes later (P20). The measured parameters are: the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and the total antioxidant statute (SAT).

Results

The concentration of the SOD increases significantly (p < 0.05) at (P0); and regains the baseline values at (P20). The concentration of GPx increases significantly (p < 0.05) in (P0); in (P10) GPx reaches the baseline values. No significant effect of the anaerobic exercise was observed on the concentration of the SAT. Positive correlation was observed between the SOD and GPx to p < 0.05.

Conclusion

The anaerobic exercise modifies the activity of the antioxidant enzymes with different kinetics.     

Analyse de variables permettant la détermination du niveau d'un cycliste

Aims

We aimed to define a mathematical model allowing to foresee the level of a cyclist.

Methods

One hundred (and) six cyclists were classified according to their level and some of their physiological characteristics were measured with the threshold (4 mmol of lactate) and with the maximum values of their oxygen flow.

Results

To the threshold, power, lactatemy, age and size allow to foresee the level with an error rate of 27% ; to the maximum values, the criteria are development, flow in oxygen, lactatemy and age (error rate of 31%).

Conclusion

These results indicate that our mathematical model allows to envisage the level.     

Effet d’une hyperventilation volontaire préexercice sur la performance lors de l’épreuve de Wingate

Aim

To determine the effect of a preexercise hyperventilation (HV) on performance measured during the Wingate test.

Protocol

Seven subjects realized the Wingate test whether in normal condition or after the realization of six maximal respiration cycles realized in 30 s. Gas exchanges were recorded breath by breath throughout the test.

Results

Pic power measured during the test was not significantly different after HV. In opposite, the fatigability index (FI) was significantly higher after HV.

Conclusion

A HV does not affect maximal power, but seems to reduce aerobic contribution, which may explain the higher FI observed after HV.     

Propriétés psychométriques d'un questionnaire de mesure de l'activité physique chez l'enfant scolarisé âgé de six à dix ans : QAPE-semaine

Aims

To elaborate a physical activity questionnaire for school children aged between 6 and 10 years (QAPE-semaine) and to study the psychometric properties (face validity, acceptability, test-retest reproducibility, criterion validity).

Methods

The questionnaire measures physical activities at school, during leisure-time and other activities. Three scores are calculated: variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary. The questionnaire was pre-tested to study the content validity, and was administered twice to 185 children from two elementary schools. The validity was studied by comparing the results of the questionnaire outcomes with a one day-recall (QAPE-hier) filled out in two occasions (to measure activities during a non school-day and a school-day). The statistic used was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The QAPE-semaine was acceptable. The ICC for the reproducibility of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores were 0.54, 0.47 and 0.68, respectively; and 0.54, 0.56 and 0.64 for the criterion validity of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores, respectively. All the ICC were significant (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The psychometric properties of the QAPE-semaine are satisfactory (moderate to good). Its administration in classes with school professor's help seems however essential.