喜马拉雅地区国际河流信息提取与分析

以公开发布的水资源数据以及人口、GDP等社会经济数据为主要数据源,以ARCGIS为技术平台,提取喜马拉雅地区印度河、恒河、雅鲁藏布江-布拉马普特拉河及其主要跨国支流的河流长度、流域面积、年降雨量、年地表径流量、人口、耕地面积和GDP等水资源以及社会经济信息。结果表明,中国境内的水资源量以及人口、耕地、GDP等社会经济量在3大河流系统中所占的比例都很小。印度河、恒河和雅鲁藏布江-布拉马普特拉河的天然径流量分别为2.07×1011m3/a、5.50×1011m3/a和8.28×1011m3/a,其中中国境内的产流量分别为1.00×1011m3/a、0.14×1011m3/a和1.21×1011m3/a,仅占三大河流总径流量的4.83%、2.55%和14.61%。对于包括恒河、布拉马普特拉河和梅克纳河在内的恒河三角洲水系,中国境内产水量的比例只有8.88%。     

“一带一路”东南亚及南亚跨界河流问题分析

阐述了\"一带一路\"东南亚及南亚主体水资源区涉及的7条跨界河流存在的用水争端问题,分析了该区域跨界河流用水争端问题对\"一带一路\"的潜在影响,并提出该区域跨界河流用水争端问题的研究思路和解决\"一带一路\"东南亚及南亚地区跨界河流用水争端的应对措施,以期为\"一带一路\"倡议在东南亚及南亚地区的推进提供支持。     

Saline Groundwater Management and Optimal Cropping Pattern

ABSTRACT

In areas having scarce canal water and poor quality groundwater, an opportunity exists to use the two sources conjunctively for irngation water supply. However, the use of saline water, either in isolation or by mixing with canal water, threatens soil salinization, unless steps are taken to protect the salt balance in the root zone. A deterministic linear programming model has been developed, incorporating both leaching requirements and the salinity response function of crops, to find the optimal cropping pattern and optimum use of saline groundwater. The model was applied to a canal command area.     

An ecological perspective on a river’s rights: a recipe for more effective water quality governance?

ABSTRACT

In several countries, the transfer of legal rights to rivers is being discussed as an approach for more effective water resources management. But what could this transfer mean in terms of a healthy river? We address this question by identifying the ecological requirements for naturally functioning rivers and then explore the demands which these requirements impose on society, the current policy responses to these requirements and whether the transfer of rights to the river could facilitate the preservation of healthy freshwater ecosystems.     

黄河水资源可持续利用与南水北调西线工程

黄河是我国西北、华北地区的重要水源。随着流域经济社会的发展 ,对黄河水资源的需求不断增加 ,供需矛盾日趋尖锐。 90年代以来 ,黄河下游断流现象日趋严重 ,引起了各级领导的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注。展望 2 1世纪 ,黄河水资源将成为流域经济发展、社会进步的制约因素。建设南水北调西线工程 ,促进黄河水资源的可持续利用 ,对黄河流域乃至西北及华北地区经济社会的可持续发展和生态环境的改善具有重大的战略意义     

南方地区河流系统生态需水量系统组成分析

针对南方地区河流的特点,论述了南方地区河流系统生态需水量组成和分类,指出河流系统的生态需水量,是在一定生态环境标准条件下为了维持和改善河流系统正常的生态结构与功能所必须保障的需水量。研究河流系统的生态需水将对节约水资源,提高水资源利用率,控制河流污染,改善生态环境有着重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

南水北调穿黄工程总体布置研究

穿黄工程系南水北调中线引汉总干渠跨越黄河干流的交叉建筑物，是总干渠上规模最大、技术最复杂、工期最长的关键工程。总干渠过黄河设计流量为每秒５００立方米，穿黄区黄河河宽７．０～９．５公里，河床覆盖层为粉、细砂、中砂及粘土，厚度达４１．０～９４．０米。对于总干渠穿黄线路及穿黄工程型式进行过８个方案的比较。重点介绍牛口峪线双渡槽方案与孤柏咀线全盾构法双隧道方案的设计原则及工程布置，并就工程的技术可行性进行     

Progress beyond policy making? Assessing the performance of Dutch-German cross-border cooperation in Deltarhine

ABSTRACT

This longitudinal study assesses the performance of the Dutch-German cross-border water regime using a combination of performance indicators. The regime has, despite many efforts over five decades, rarely progressed beyond policy making and hardly contributed to actual problem-solving for issues such as water pollution or river restoration. Stakeholder satisfaction is nevertheless high, showing that combined performance indicators are needed to assess cross-border cooperation, and performance cannot simply be equated with problem-solving and goal attainment. Practical policy advice is provided to progress beyond policy making, focusing on policy design, network management and the adequacy of resources (financial, human, legal) for policy implementation.     

乌兹别克斯坦水资源变化及其对供给压力的影响

梳理文献资料,结合农业、遥感和气象水文产品数据,分析乌兹别克斯坦水资源变化及水资源供给压力。分析表明:自1980年以来,乌兹别克斯坦年平均取水量由59亿m~3增至102亿m~3,灌溉农业消耗了90%以上的水资源;尽管1992年以来耕地面积总体呈下降态势(200km~2/a),且高耗水作物种植比重下降(-3.24%),但受气候变暖的影响(0.31℃/(10a)),单位面积作物需水量持续增加(3.27mm/a),导致总的需水量仍呈增加态势(2.75亿m~3/a);与此同时,上游来水量减少以及上游国家用水的增加,将进一步加剧区域水资源短缺及供给压力。为应对水资源问题,乌兹别克斯坦需加强水管理,改进灌溉技术,提高用水效率,同时,需寻求完善跨境河流水资源分配与管理的途径。该研究有助于增进对乌兹别克斯坦水资源问题的认识,并为应对该问题提供科学依据,以及为\"一带一路\"合作发展提供支撑。     

湿周法确定河流生态环境需水量临界点的应用

湿周法是河流生态环境需水量的确定方法之一。文章针对其应用中对多组实测数据确定临界点困难的实际情况,对该法进行了改进。提出了湿周法确定临界点理论公式,并利用实测数据对选定的西南岔河流域的三个河段进行生态环境需水量计算。     

Transboundary water cooperation on the Yarlung Zangbo/Brahmaputra – a legal analysis of riparian state practice

The Yarlung Zangbo/Brahmaputra, shared by China, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh, lacks a comprehensive legal framework. Following an overview of the basin, the paper analyses state and treaty practice through a legal lens, comparing the riparian state positions, based on their approaches to sovereignty. Finding fragmented transboundary water cooperation across the basin, two possible approaches that might help are explored. Taking inspiration from the hydropower projects on parts of the watercourse, and from existing multilateral environmental agreements, it is queried whether future cooperation might be fostered through legal arrangements for joint exploitation, or through joint protection under multilateral environmental agreements.     

大通河可外调水量的分析研究

在对调水量有关概念认识的基础上，确定了大通河外调水量分析的基本思路和研究方法。经分析计算，上游武权他拉断面多年平均每年可向引大济黑、引大济湖两工程供水４．０１亿ｍ＾３，流域５项调水工程每年共可外调水量１８．２９亿ｍ＾３，着重介绍了基于调水工程综合社会评价结果的需水规模的分析及供水引水过程的处理方法。同时还介绍了影响外调水量规模的水质问题的简单处理办法。     

对城市河道综合治理的思考

本文以北京市门头沟区永定河及其支流河道的治理工程为例,分析了旧河道治理模式中存在的问题,提出了河道治理建设的新思路,并介绍了这些新思路在河道治理工程中的应用方法。     

A Decision Tool for Allocating the Waters of the Jordan River Basin between all Riparian Parties

Shared water resources are strong sources of conflict in the Jordan River basin shared by Israel, Jordan, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon. The control and allocation of water has been explicitly made a part of the ongoing peace negotiations. This article calls for the application of international water law in the resolution of water disputes in the negotiating process. The challenging task for negotiators is to translate water law principles into operating rules and procedures for the equitable apportionment of waters from shared water resources. The negotiators need a decision tool based upon objective criteria or standards to reach equitable entitlements to shared water resources by all parties. This paper introduces a multi-criteria decision tool as a possible approach to the problem of allocating the waters of the Jordan River between all riparian parties. The prime principle of the criteria is equitable allocation factors identified by water law. A general mathematical model was derived in which the proportional entitlements of the Jordan River basin waters were determined to the five riparians. It is hoped that, waternegotiators review this approach.     

太湖流域省际边界地区入河污染物总量控制

通过评价太湖流域省际边界地区水环境状况,分析区域污染源情况。在此基础上,采用水量水质模型核算该地区水功能区纳污能力。结果表明:该区域现状COD、NH3-N污染负荷量分别为11.07万t/a7、124 t/a,而该区域COD和NH3-N的纳污能力分别为8.07万t/a和4 009 t/a,现状COD和NH3-N的污染负荷分别是水域纳污能力的1.4倍和1.8倍,超过该区域水环境的承载能力。最后确定了污染物限制排污总量,提出了水资源保护建议。     

还乡河鸦鸿桥段河道治理及防渗处理措施

在总结了还乡河鸦鸿桥段河道存在主要问题的基础上,着重分析了膨润土防水毯（GCL）在性能、施工方法、使用寿命、环境保护等方面比传统防水防渗材料的优越性,并详细阐述了针对还乡河鸦鸿桥段河道的防渗处理方案。