蓝光诱导的苋红素合成—隐花色素的作用

蓝光对尾穗苋黄化苗苋红素的合成有明显的诱导效应.不同苗龄的幼苗对蓝光的敏感性不同:萌发22小时起开始合成苋红素,42小时达到高峰,92小时后趋向消失.苋红素合成带后期为3—4小时,蓝光诱导18小时后色素积累进入饱和期.吸收蓝光的隐花色素和吸收红光的光敏色素有协同调节作用.红光预处理能增强其后的光诱导效应,蓝光预处理抑制种子的萌发.隐花色素可能是黄素类物质.     

G-蛋白和cGMP在光敏色素介导的尾穗苋苋红素合成中的作用

以尾穗苋幼苗为材料 ,对G 蛋白和cGMP在红光诱导、光敏色素介导的苋红素合成过程中的作用进行了研究 ,结果表明G 蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素可在暗中诱导苋红素合成 ,其抑制剂百日咳毒素则抑制红光诱导的合成 ;cGMP可以在暗中诱导苋红素合成 ,而Genistein抑制红光、CTX及外源cGMP诱导的苋红素合成 ;鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂LY 835 83可以抑制红光及CTX诱导的苋红素合成 ,却不能抑制由外源cGMP诱导的苋红素合成 .上述结果表明G 蛋白、鸟苷酸环化酶及cGMP可能都参与了苋红素合成过程中红光信号的转导 ,并且红光信号传递链的顺序可能是红光→光敏色素→G 蛋白→鸟苷酸环化酶→cGMP .     

Ca~(2 )和CaM抑制剂在尾穗苋幼苗苋红素形成中的效应

光和BA均可促进尾穗苋幼苗苋红素的形成。Ca~(2 )专一性螯合剂EGTA,Ca~(2 )通道竞争性抑制剂 La~(3 )以及 CaM拮抗剂氯丙嗪(CPZ)都能明显地抑制光、暗下苋红素的形成。增加培养介质中Ca~(2 )不但可以促进苋红素形成,而且能部分逆转La~(3 )的抑制效应。La~(3 )和 CPZ亦可抑制 BA促进苋红素的形成。     

植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究——Ⅴ.PAL活性与尾穗苋黄化苗中苋红素积累的相关性

用不同因素诱导与抑制的方法较系统地探讨了尾穗苋黄化苗PAL活性与苋红素积累之间的关系。根据激动素诱导的时间曲线表明。PAL活性高峰较早于苋红素积累高峰;PAL活性及苋红素积累都随激动素浓度上升而上升。 光对激动素诱导的PAL活性有增效作用,对苋红素积累也有同样的增效作用。不同光质(蓝、红)对PAL活性的诱导结果表明:蓝光大于红光,同时蓝光下苋红素积累也大于红光。 用环己亚胺、放线菌素D及反式肉桂酸等处理激动素诱导的材料时,发现在各种抑制条件下PAL活性受抑的同时,苋红素合成也受抑制,且随着抑制剂浓度增加受抑程度也增加,可见PAL活性与苋红素积累之间有密切关系。本文提出了PAL可能参与苋红素双氢吲哚部分合成的设想,这与目前一般认为多巴是双氢吲哚直接前体的观点不同。     

中国苋科苋属新记录种——鲍氏苋和布氏苋

我国有记录的苋属植物20余种,主要为外来杂草。苋属植物形态相近,常被误鉴。作者从送检的误鉴的标本中发现2个新外来种,根据拉丁文名种加词释义,分别命名为鲍氏苋(Amaranthus powellii S. Watson)和布氏苋(A. bouchonii Thell.)。鲍氏苋和布氏苋形态相近,分别产自美国西南部和欧洲,雌雄同株,具3～5雌花花被片,花被片不等长,等于或短于胞果,胞果开裂或不开裂。鲍氏苋和布氏苋可通过花被片数目和形态、胞果是否开裂、苞片大小相区分。该文还提供了鲍氏苋和布氏苋的中文形态描述及彩色图片,并对其分布、生境和危害状况进行了报道。     

高温下花红苋和绿叶苋叶片生理特性变化的比较

40℃连续6 d处理苋菜(Amaranthus tricolor)两个栽培品种花红苋和绿叶苋,探讨热胁迫下它们生理特性的改变.结果表明:与绿叶苋相比,高温下花红苋叶中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量明显增加,PPO(多酚氧化酶)和POD(过氧化物酶)活性增强,苋菜红素显著积累.绿叶苋对高温表现敏感,苋菜红素含量在处理2 d后明显降低,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛和质膜透性均高于花红苋,叶片呈现较明显的氧化漂白症状.与常温对照相比,高温下两种苋菜的总酚含量变化不大.热胁迫下花红苋积累较多的苋菜红素和渗透调节物质,酶活性提高,可能是其对高温逆境具有较好耐受能力的生理基础.     

圆叶洋苋红色素稳定性研究

研究了温度、光照(可见光、紫外光)、酸碱溶液、维生素C、氧化剂(过氧化氢)、还原剂(亚硫酸钠)、防腐剂(苯甲酸钠)等对圆叶洋苋红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,此色素是抗氧化还原、耐酸碱、耐糖、耐光热的天然色素,具有良好的开发价值。     

基于ITS序列的中国外来苋属植物系统关系分析

通过ITS序列对21种中国外来苋属植物进行系统进化关系研究。通过ITS序列种间、种内遗传距离分析,发现苋属种间变异为0~0.055 1,种内变异为0~0.009 2。使用TAXON DNA软件分析ITS序列种间、种内变异的分布图看出规律,结果表明苋属ITS序列的种间变异适中,种间变异明显大于种内变异。采用最大似然法(ML)构建的系统树将中国苋属分为5或6个进化支(根据自展支持率取值不同)。异株苋亚属长芒苋和苋亚属刺苋聚类在一起,西部苋和糙果苋单独成为一个进化支。苋亚属中苋组苋亚组反枝苋和绿穗苋亚组鲍氏苋有着更近的亲缘关系,苋组苋亚组尾穗苋和绿穗苋亚组绿穗苋、繁穗苋等亲缘关系更近。白苋亚属分为2或3个类群,根据自展支持率取值不同,合被苋可以和白苋、北美苋并为一支,也可以单独成为一支。综上所述,该文认为苋属经典分类体系中3亚属或2~3组的分类地位不成立,建议中国苋属采取5组2亚组或6组2亚组的分类体系。5组2亚组分别由长芒苋组、糙果苋组、苋组(苋亚组和绿穗苋亚组)、白苋组和凹头苋组组成。其中,合被苋也可从白苋组分出,单独构成1组,形成6组2亚组的分类体系。表明该序列对苋属大部分种类分类效果较好,对西部苋和糙果苋复合群,绿穗苋复合群以及白苋亚属的分类价值不高。     

国产十四种苋属植物的染色体数目

报道了国产14种苋属植物的染色体数目。部分种的染色体数目为2n=34,即反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus,刺苋A．spinosus,红苋A．cruentus,腋花苋A．roxburghianus,合被苋A．polygonoides,皱果苋A． viridis,凹头苋A．lividus,苋A．tricolor。其他种的染色体数目为2n=32,即尾穗苋A．caudatus,绿穗苋A． hybridus,千穗谷A．hypochendriacus,繁穗苋A．paniculatus,北美苋A．blitoides,白苋A．albus。其中腋花 苋的染色体数目为首次报道。该属染色体基数为x=16,17。两种染色体基数在苋属2个组(sect．Ama- ranthus和sect．Blitopsis)中均存在。由于苋属植物染色体大多为小型染色体,因此对苋属植物目前尚不 能进行详尽的核型分析。     

双磷酸核酮糖羧化酶和果糖双磷酸酯酶合成的光调节

用红光(650nm)或远红光(740nm)照射后,测定了黄化芥菜子叶中活化状态下核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase,E.C.4.1.1,39),果糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶(FBPase,E.C.3.1.3.11)和景天庚酮糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶(SBPase,E.C.3,1.3.37)的酶活性。叶片对光的反应表明存在光敏感期。在光敏感期的红光可使 RuBPCase 和 FBPase 合成,但对 SBPase 的合成没有影响。红光的这种作用可被远红光逆转,所以红光对这两种酶的合成的启动是通过光敏色素而实现的。在超过阈值的光下,酶合成的量与光量子数无关,光敏色素只影响酶合成的启动,但是酶的持续合成还要依赖其它因素。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细