矢量聚类及其在稀疏分量分析中的应用

针对传统聚类分析不能有效处理矢量数据聚类的问题,提出矢量聚类算法。该算法以点到矢量的距离最小化为分类依据,所得类簇中心为一矢量。根据稀疏信号的分布特性,用矢量聚类方法估计系统的混合矩阵,再利用估计的混合矩阵分离混合信号,从而得到稀疏信源的估计,简化了传统的混合信号分离过程。实验结果表明该矢量聚类方法能比传统的标量聚类方法更有效地估计矢量数据的中心,能在稀疏的处理域中很好地分离出稀疏信源。     

密度空间与密度峰值聚类的欠定混合矩阵估计

针对欠定盲源分离问题, 提出了增强信号稀疏性的方法,并把具有噪声的基于密度空间聚类与寻找密度峰值聚类相结合用于估计混合矩阵。首先,把时域观测信号变换成时频域的稀疏信号,通过单源点检测突出信号的线性聚类特性,并采用镜像映射将线性聚类转变成致密聚类以便于进行密度基的聚类分析;然后,利用密度空间聚类搜寻密集数据堆中高密度的点和与之相应的邻域,以自动形成聚类簇的数量和初步聚类中心;最后,把获得的聚类数量作为密度峰值聚类的输入参数,在数据簇的范围内搜索其密度峰值以实现对聚类中心位置的进一步修正。以上方法不仅可提高混合矩阵的估计精度,而且估计量具有较高的一致性。     

欠定条件下弱稀疏源信号混合矩阵盲估计

针对源信号的稀疏性影响欠定混合矩阵的估计精度, 在源信号单源频率及非单源频率分量分析的基础上,通过对观测信号频率峰值的幅值比值所 构成的列向量聚类,提出欠定条件下弱稀疏源信号混合矩阵的盲估计方法。鉴于经典聚类算 法的局部收敛性带来聚类结果的不稳定性,采用全局收敛特性较好的遗传模拟退火聚类算法 提高聚类结果的鲁棒性。仿真实验表明,本文提出的混合矩阵估计方法及采用的聚类算法 在不同欠定条件及噪声环境下具有较强的估计性能。     

欠定条件下的盲分离算法

盲信号分离中当源信号个数大于观测信号个数，且源信号不是足够稀疏时，如果利用聚类算法进行分离，分离效果将会变差。为此提出一种在此欠定条件下新的盲信号分离算法。利用源信号的“稀疏性”估计混合矩阵，然后简化混合矩阵构造新的混合模型。由于源信号间具有的独立性，使得可以在新的混合模型中从观察信号的自相关函数中估计出源信号的频谱，从而达到分离出源信号的目的，且分离效果优于聚类算法。最后给出仿真试验实例，试验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

蚁群聚类的欠定盲源分离方法

利用欠定盲源分离情况下稀疏源信号具有直线聚类的特点,提出了一种估计混叠矩阵的新方法。通过对混叠信号进行标准化处理,使混叠信号形成球形簇,将线性聚类转变成致密聚类;利用蚁群聚类算法对其进行搜索得到聚类中心,从而获得对混叠矩阵的精确估计。该方法能实现源信号数目未知情况下的欠定盲源分离,且能推广到三路或更多路观测信号的情况。对语音信号的仿真结果证明,该方法能精确地分离和恢复原始信号。     

基于K-均值聚类的多雷达数据融合算法研究

应用K-均值聚类的方法区分源于不同目标的观测数据,通过类间数据融合,实现对多目标的实时跟踪。研究了观测数据K-均值聚类的基本思想、聚类处理过程及算法实现,讨论了对机动目标跟踪的Kalman滤波方程及空管系统中易于计算的各参数矩阵理论依据及相应的初值。发现通过K-均值聚类能很好区分不同目标,聚类后再进行跟踪融合更加准确。仿真结果表明,经K-均值聚类处理后的滤波跟踪航迹效果较好。     

病态混叠下语音信号的盲源分离

针对稀疏信号盲源分离势函数法需要过多参数,以及聚类算法需要知道源信号个数的缺陷,采用基于拉普拉斯模型的势函数法估计源信号数目和混合矩阵。将混合信号重新聚类,对每一类信号的协方差矩阵进行奇异值分解,混合矩阵得到更精确的估计,进而源信号也得到更精确的估计。通过计算机仿真,表明了该算法的优越性。     

K-近邻估计协同系数的协同模糊C均值算法

针对现有协同模糊C均值算法（CFC）的协同系数不能充分描述数据子集间协同关系的问题,提出K-近邻估计协同系数的协同模糊C均值算法[(βK-CFC)]。用模糊C均值算法（FCM）求出各数据子集的隶属度和聚类中心;其次设定近邻数,求出子集在各聚类中心处的密度,形成密度矩阵;根据密度矩阵的相关性设定变化的协同系数;最后用变化的协同系数进行协同聚类。实验证明K-近邻估计协同系数的协同模糊C均值算法[(βK-CFC)]能够充分描述数据子集间的协同关系,聚类性能较好。     

基于Seed集的半监督核聚类

提出了一种新的半监督核聚类算法——SKK-均值算法。算法利用一定数量的标记样本构成seed集,作为监督信息来初始化K-均值算法的聚类中心,引导聚类过程并约束数据划分;同时还采用了核方法把输入数据映射到高维特征空间,并用核函数来实现样本之间的距离计算。在UCI数据集上进行了数值实验,并与K-均值算法和核-K-均值算法进行了比较。     

基于密度峰值和模糊聚类的欠定混叠矩阵估计

传统聚类算法进行混叠矩阵估计时存在的聚类中心个数不确定和初始聚类中心的随机选取导致陷入局部最优的问题,为此提出一种基于密度峰值的改进模糊聚类算法进行欠定盲源分离的混叠矩阵估计。通过短时傅里叶变换提取信号在频域中的稀疏特性,利用寻找密度峰值聚类算法(clustering by fast search and find of density peaks, CFSFDP)自动获取聚类簇的数目和初始聚类中心;将获得的聚类数目和聚类结果作为模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means clustering, FCM)的初始输入参数,提高FCM聚类结果的精度。实验结果表明,该算法可以准确估计源信号的数目,相比传统FCM、层次聚类、基于密度峰值改进的粒子群等聚类算法,可以有效提高欠定盲源分离的混叠矩阵估计精度。     

基于GASA-FCM混合聚类与霍夫变换的欠定混合矩阵估计

针对模糊C-均值聚类(fuzzy C-means clustering,FCM)算法在欠定混合矩阵估计中精度低、鲁棒性差的缺点,提出一种基于遗传模拟退火优化FCM(GASA-FCM)混合聚类和霍夫变换的欠定混合矩阵估计算法。该算法首先结合了模拟退火算法(simulated annealing algorithm,SA)全局搜索、高精度的优点和遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)强大的空间搜索能力,将经遗传模拟退火算法得到的聚类中心点赋给FCM,避免了初值选择的随机性。再利用霍夫变换对聚类得到的每一类数据的中心进行修正,提高混合矩阵的估计精度。实验结果表明,提出的算法明显改善了算法的稳定性和混合矩阵估计精度,具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

Source number estimation and separation algorithms of underdetermined blind separation

Recently, sparse component analysis （SCA） has become a hot spot in BSS research. Instead of independent component analysis （ICA）, SCA can be used to solve underdetermined mixture efficiently. Two-step approach （TSA） is one of the typical methods to solve SCA based BSS problems. It estimates the mixing matrix before the separation of the sources. K-means clustering is often used to estimate the mixing matrix. It relies on the prior knowledge of the source number strongly. However, the estimation of the source number is an obstacle. In this paper, a fuzzy clustering method is proposed to estimate the source number and mixing matrix simultaneously. After that, the sources are recovered by the shortest path method （SPM）. Simulations show the availability and robustness of the proposed method.     

Searching-and-averaging method of underdetermined blind speech signal separation in time domain

Underdetermined blind signal separation (BSS) (with fewer observed mixtures than sources) is discussed. A novel searching-and-averaging method in time domain (SAMTD) is proposed. It can solve a kind of problems that are very hard to solve by using sparse representation in frequency domain. Bypassing the disadvantages of traditional clustering (e.g., K-means or potential-function clustering), the durative- sparsity of a speech signal in time domain is used. To recover the mixing matrix, our method deletes those samples, which are not in the same or inverse direction of the basis vectors. To recover the sources, an improved geometric approach to overcomplete ICA (Independent Component Analysis) is presented. Several speech signal experiments demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method.     

基于傅里叶变换和连通图的聚类分析方法

聚类是假设数据在具有某种群聚结构的前提下根据观察到的无标记的样本发现数据的最优划分。针对已有的聚类算法存在的缺点,假设数据样本的结果簇是密集的,且簇与簇之间区别明显,基于该假设提出一种基于傅里叶变换和连通图的聚类分析方法 FGClus。首先针对每个样本点计算k阶距离矩阵并序列化作为离散傅里叶变换的输入信号;然后抽取频域内幅值最小的复数项并构造输入序列进行傅里叶逆变换,得到在时域空间中的最佳阈值;最后利用该阈值结合连通图指导最终的聚类过程。实验表明,FGClus算法克服了K-means算法聚类前需确定聚类个数、聚类结果对初始代表点的选取敏感、只能聚类球状数据等缺点,取得了良好的聚类效果。     

Underdetermined Convolutive Blind Source Separation via Time–Frequency Masking

In this paper, we consider the problem of separation of unknown number of sources from their underdetermined convolutive mixtures via time-frequency (TF) masking. We propose two algorithms, one for the estimation of the masks which are to be applied to the mixture in the TF domain for the separation of signals in the frequency domain, and the other for solving the permutation problem. The algorithm for mask estimation is based on the concept of angles in complex vector space. Unlike the previously reported methods, the algorithm does not require any estimation of the mixing matrix or the source positions for mask estimation. The algorithm clusters the mixture samples in the TF domain based on the Hermitian angle between the sample vector and a reference vector using the well known k -means or fuzzy c -means clustering algorithms. The membership functions so obtained from the clustering algorithms are directly used as the masks. The algorithm for solving the permutation problem clusters the estimated masks by using k-means clustering of small groups of nearby masks with overlap. The effectiveness of the algorithm in separating the sources, including collinear sources, from their underdetermined convolutive mixtures obtained in a real room environment, is demonstrated.     

基于线性阵列的欠定盲源分离几何分析

采用线性阵列对欠定盲源分离问题进行建模,研究源信号的空间分布对欠定盲源分离的影响.利用二步法和稀疏分量分析解决欠定盲源分离问题,其中,混合矩阵的估计主要利用稀疏源信号的线性混合信号沿混合矩阵列向量方向线性聚类的特性.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,当源信号在空间处于某些特定区域时,若采用线性聚类方法,混合矩阵是不可估计的,...     

Analysis of sparse representation and blind source separation

In this letter, we analyze a two-stage cluster-then-l(1)-optimization approach for sparse representation of a data matrix, which is also a promising approach for blind source separation (BSS) in which fewer sensors than sources are present. First, sparse representation (factorization) of a data matrix is discussed. For a given overcomplete basis matrix, the corresponding sparse solution (coefficient matrix) with minimum l(1) norm is unique with probability one, which can be obtained using a standard linear programming algorithm. The equivalence of the l(1)-norm solution and the l(0)-norm solution is also analyzed according to a probabilistic framework. If the obtained l(1)-norm solution is sufficiently sparse, then it is equal to the l(0)-norm solution with a high probability. Furthermore, the l(1)- norm solution is robust to noise, but the l(0)-norm solution is not, showing that the l(1)-norm is a good sparsity measure. These results can be used as a recoverability analysis of BSS, as discussed. The basis matrix in this article is estimated using a clustering algorithm followed by normalization, in which the matrix columns are the cluster centers of normalized data column vectors. Zibulevsky, Pearlmutter, Boll, and Kisilev (2000) used this kind of two-stage approach in underdetermined BSS. Our recoverability analysis shows that this approach can deal with the situation in which the sources are overlapped to some degree in the analyzed domain and with the case in which the source number is unknown. It is also robust to additive noise and estimation error in the mixing matrix. Finally, four simulation examples and an EEG data analysis example are presented to illustrate the algorithm's utility and demonstrate its performance.