锁定加压钢板治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨锁定加压钢板(locking compression plate,LCP)治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折( distal radial fractures,DRF)的效果。方法 自2006年1月至2008年12月收治不稳定型桡骨远端骨折82例,其中男33例（2例为双侧）,女49例;年龄17～74岁,平均51岁。45岁以上患者中骨质疏松29例,骨量减少21例。骨折根据AO/OTA分型标准：A3型7例,B1型4例,B2型12例,B3型10例,C1型16例,C2型21例,C3型12例。本组61例单纯掌侧入路LCP固定,12例单纯背侧入路LCP固定,5例掌、背侧联合入路掌侧LCP桡侧1/3管状钢板固定,4例掌、背侧联合入路双侧LCP固定。其中辅助外固定支架或克氏针固定19例,尺骨骨折固定7例,骨移植恢复骨缺损39例。结果 术后随访12 ～ 48个月,平均20.7个月。术后并发症包括切口周围出现水泡3例,感染1例,正中神经损伤3例,螺钉过长穿入伸肌间隔4例,骨折复位丢失,螺纹穿入桡腕关节2例,排异反应1例,骨折不愈合1例,创伤性关节炎7例。根据Cooney腕关节评分标准：优56例,良19例,可6例,差1例,优良率为91％。结论 LCP治疗不稳定型DRF安全有效,能够坚强固定,允许早期功能锻炼,尤其适用于骨折压缩粉碎性骨质疏松患者。     

经掌侧入路斜T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经掌侧入路斜T型锁定加压钢板内固定对于治疗老年患者桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法选择2012年9月~2014年9月收治的85例桡骨远端骨折的老年患者,随机数字表法分为观察组45例和对照组40例,观察组采用经掌侧入路斜T型锁定加压钢板内固定,对照组采用经掌侧入路普通钢板内固定治疗,根据术后尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度、桡腕关节面平整度参数和手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间评估手术效果。结果观察组骨折愈合时间显著短于对照组(P0.05);两组尺偏角、掌倾角和桡腕关节面平整度等影像学参数差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而桡骨高度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组优良率高于对照组优良率(P0.05)。结论经掌侧入路斜T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗老年患者桡骨远端骨折,功能恢复时间短、功能恢复较好,值得临床推广与应用。     

Screw impingement on the extensor tendons in distal radius fractures treated by volar plating: sonographic appearance

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to analyze the sonography examinations of nine consecutive patients with a history of distal radius fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation of the volar plate who were referred by hand surgeons for sonography of the dorsal aspect of the wrist. CONCLUSION: We postulate that impingement of the extensor tendons in patients with distal radius fracture treated by volar plating starts with local hyperemia and is followed by tenosynovitis and, finally, by partial and complete tendon tears. Sonography is an effective, dynamic, and noninvasive technique with which to diagnose and evaluate damage to the extensor tendons and their synovial sheaths.     

锁定加压接骨板联合同种异体骨治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨应用锁定加压接骨板联合同种异体骨治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法2003年1月～2008年4月收治桡骨远端C型骨折22例,年龄28～73岁,平均58岁。按AO分型：C1型12例,C2型6例,C3型4例。采用切开复位掌侧T型锁定加压接骨板内固定、骨折端同种异体骨植骨治疗,术后早期功能锻炼。结果术后随访6～18个月,骨折均愈合,时间12～24周,平均16周。根据X线片测量,掌倾角5°～14°,平均7．9°;尺偏角15～°23°,平均18．3°。根据Gartland和Werley评分标准：优13例,良6例,中2例,差1例;优良率86．4％,均无并发症出现。结论锁定加压接骨板联合同种异体骨可以有效预防桡骨远端关节面的塌陷,治疗桡骨远端C型骨折临床疗效满意。     

Treatment of acute scaphoid fractures in the athlete

Scaphoid fractures in athletes can be very disabling and may limit successful and early return to play. Typically, the mechanism of injury is a fall onto an outstretched hand or a direct blow; the patient will present with swelling, limited motion, and snuffbox tenderness. Multiple-view plain images will very often reveal the diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic modalities such as CT scanning and MRI are helpful in better defining the architecture of the fracture and vascularity of the scaphoid, and diagnosing occult fractures. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to help ensure appropriate treatment and optimal outcome. Traditional treatment of stable nondisplaced fractures remains cast immobilization. However, if early return to play is desired operative fixation may be warranted. For nondisplaced fractures operative techniques include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and percutaneous fixation through a dorsal or volar approach. Arthroscopy can be used as an adjunct to the percutaneous technique. For displaced fractures, the preferred technique remains ORIF through either a volar or dorsal approach. Considerations in treatment type are based on the stability and location of the fracture as well as patient issues such as compliance and the need for return to play. With appropriate diagnosis and individualization of treatment, scaphoid fractures can be successfully managed in most athletes with few or no long-term sequelae.     

CT后处理成像在Barton''s骨折评价中的应用

目的：研究Barton's骨折发病机制及CT容积扫描和工作站后处理成像的应用价值。方法：23例均摄腕关节正侧位片。其中5例行CT容积扫描及表面遮盖技术（surface shaded display，SSD）、透明技术（Raysum）成像。结果：掌侧型22例，背侧型1例。桡骨远端骨折，骨折块及桡腕关节分别向上、向掌/背侧移位。SSD、Raysum法能更清晰显示骨折及脱位。结论：Barton's骨折系不稳定性骨折，掌侧型多见。CT容积扫描及SSD、Raysum法成像是一种新的有价值的成像方法。     

Hand injury patterns in softball players using a 16 inch ball

Softball is a popular recreational and competitive sport among both men and women. The injury rate in softball players is as high as that in baseball and basketball players. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 119 hand injuries in 108 patients treated at the University of Chicago hand clinic. All of the injuries were caused by the impact of a 16 inch circumference softball. Of the 119 injuries, 87 (73%) had bone involvement. Operative treatment was required in 26 (22%) injuries, 23 involving fractures and 3 involving soft tissue only. There was one (3.8%) operative complication. Of all injuries, 101 (86%) involved the finger joints, including 46 (39%) injuries to the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, 48 (40%) to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, and 7 (6%) to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The most common DIP joint injury was a mallet injury. This fracture, the most common single type of injury in our series, accounted for 27% of all injuries. Of all mallet injuries, 86% were fractures. The most common PIP joint injury was a volar plate fracture, the second most common injury in our series. Variables such as the patient's sex, dominance or nondominance of hands, and early or late season play were not associated with a higher risk of injury. Certain parts of the hand, such as the more ulnar digits and the DIP and PIP joints, were at particularly high risk of injury.     

Volar dislocation of the capitate

In this report we describe a case of volar dislocation of the capitate associated with dislocation of the ulnar side of the carpometacarpal joint. Forced dorsiflexion of the wrist caused the rotation and volar displacement of the proximal portion of the capitate. Dislocation of the capitate is rare and may be seen in more complex injuries. An awareness of this type of injury may contribute to prompt diagnosis and treatment.     

Extension of growth-plate cartilage into the metaphysis: a sign of healing fracture in abused infants

The present study was carried out to determine if healing metaphyseal injury in abused infants is accompanied by an increase in the thickness of the growth-plate zone of hypertrophic cartilage and if a radiolucent extension from the growth plate into the metaphysis correlates with this histologic indicator of healing fracture. The radiologic studies of 13 infants who died with evidence of inflicted injury were reviewed. Thirteen distal metaphyseal fractures were identified. Histologically, nine of these fractures were noted to be healing and four showed no evidence of healing. The nine healing injuries were accompanied by statistically significant thickening of the zone of hypertrophic cartilage. Seven of these demonstrated localized areas of hypertrophic cartilage extension; in six of these, corresponding radiolucent extensions of the growth plate into the metaphysis were seen. The extensions tended to be single and focal with minimal osseous injury and broad and multiple with extensive injury. No similar extension was visible in the four acute injuries. Because metaphyseal injuries are notoriously difficult to date, the presence of a reliable radiologic indicator of healing metaphyseal fracture can be important in the evaluation of infant abuse. Because the radiologic findings reflect the histologic alterations, extension of the growth-plate cartilage into the metaphysis may have implications for estimating fracture age.     

Ultrasonographic localization of a displaced screw in the carpal canal. A case report

We present a case of a 65-year-old patient with a surgically treated distal radius fracture. At 5-month follow-up, conventional radiography revealed breakage of the plate and a screw displaced into the volar soft tissue. Preoperative ultrasonography including dynamic assessment of the tendons showed the screw intratendinously as a hyperechogenic structure with repetitive echoes. This unusual localization was proven by surgery. Dynamic ultrasonography played an important diagnostic role in the localization of the loosened and displaced osteosynthetic material.     

Stress changes of the distal radial growth plate. A radiographic survey and review of the literature.

We conducted a radiographic survey to determine skeletal age and the nature and prevalence of stress-related changes affecting the distal radial growth plate in 60 young competitive gymnasts (39 females, 21 males). Comparison of results for chronological and skeletal age revealed a significant delay in maturation for girls (P less than 0.001). Radiographic evaluation revealed 5 gymnasts (4 girls and 1 boy) with stress-related changes of the left wrist, and four of these were considered to be minimal. These results, in conjunction with our previous findings and the review of related literature, reveal three important observations. First, the widening and irregularities of the distal radial physis that we described previously appear to be the first in a spectrum of abnormal changes secondary to overuse and probably represent a stress fracture of the distal radial growth plate. The radiographic changes associated with this injury are not the normal adaptive changes seen in young, competitive gymnasts. Secondly, more serious long-term abnormality may result even though the injury may initially resemble a Salter-Harris type I or II stress fracture. Long-term complications may include symmetrical or asymmetrical retardation or halted growth at the affected site, positive ulnar variance, and associated pathoanatomic sequelae. Thirdly, the incidence of distal radial growth plate stress injury remains unclear; we recommend a further, large-scale prospective epidemiologic study involving both male and female gymnasts. We urge that physicians and other health professionals associated with gymnastics clubs educate coaches about the possibility of significant injury to the distal radial physis, risk factors, and suggested preventive measures.     

成人创伤性Madelung样畸形合并掌、背侧成角的外科矫治

目的 探讨成人创伤性Madelung样畸形合并掌、背侧成角的矫治方法及其疗效.方法 分别以掌侧钢板或外固定支架结合植骨等技术治疗陈旧性桡骨远端骨折后合并背、掌侧成角的Madelung样畸形47例,比较研究手术前后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩及关节活动范围等,初步评价其临床疗效. 结果 经随访6～27个月(平均16个月),掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩、关节面塌陷及腕关节功能均获明显改善(P<0.05). 结论 合并背侧成角的Madelung畸形,应首选掌侧入路、截骨矫形、植骨、钢板内固定;而对于合并掌侧成角者,背侧小切口截骨矫形、植骨、动力型外支架固定当为理想选择.     

钛质跟骨钢板内固定治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折临床研究

目的：探讨切开复位可塑形钛质跟骨钢板治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折的疗效。方法：对24例30足跟骨粉碎性骨折行切开复位钛质跟骨铜板内固定加一期植骨术。按Sanders分型：II型10例,III型12例,IV型8例。结果：全部病例均随访6～15个月,平均12个月,按Margland足部评分标准评价：优10足,良13足,中5足,差2足,优良率76．7％。结论：切开复位可塑钛质跟骨钢板治疗粉碎性跟骨骨折疗效肯定,治疗结果与软组织的损伤程序、骨折类型、复位质量有关。     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的诊断分型和内固定治疗

报告我院１９８０年２月－１９９３年７月收治４６例胸腰椎爆裂骨折，涉及椎体４９个，笔者将骨折的诊断分为上终板损伤型，上下终板损伤型，上终板及侧方挤压型，爆裂旋转型及多椎体损伤型。提出治疗早期应行切开复位减压及内固定术；在不伴神经损伤或严重爆裂型骨折，早期可行保守观察。     

Low back pain in young athletes. A practical approach.

Lumbar spine pain accounts for 5 to 8% of athletic injuries. Although back pain is not the most common injury, it is one of the most challenging for the sports physician to diagnose and treat. Factors predisposing the young athlete to back injury include the growth spurt, abrupt increases in training intensity or frequency, improper technique, unsuitable sports equipment, and leg-length inequality. Poor strength of the back extensor and abdominal musculature, and inflexibility of the lumbar spine, hamstrings and hip flexor muscles may contribute to chronic low back pain. Excessive lifting and twisting may produce sprains and strains, the most common cause of low back pain in adolescents. Blows to the spine may create contusions or fractures. Fractures in adolescents from severe trauma include compression fracture, comminuted fracture, fracture of the growth plate at the vertebral end plate, lumbar transverse process fracture, and a fracture of the spinous process. Athletes who participate in sports involving repeated and forceful hyperextension of the spine may suffer from lumbar facet syndrome, spondylolysis, or spondylolisthesis. The large sacroiliac joint is also prone to irritation. The signs and symptoms of disc herniation in adolescents may be more subtle than in adults. Disorders simulating athletic injury include tumours and inflammatory connective tissue disease. Often, however, a specific diagnosis cannot be made in the young athlete with a low back injury due to the lack of pain localisation and the anatomic complexity of the lumbar spine. A thorough history and physical examination are usually more productive in determining a diagnosis and guiding treatment than imaging techniques. Diagnostic tests may be considered, though, for the adolescent athlete whose back pain is severe, was caused by acute trauma, or fails to improve with conservative therapy after several weeks. Radiographs, bone scanning, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may help identify, or exclude serious pathology. Fortunately, the majority of cases of low back pain in adolescents respond to conservative therapy. Immediate treatment of an acute injury, such as a sprain or strain, includes cryotherapy, electrogalvanic stimulation, anti-inflammatory medications and gentle exercises. Prolonged bed rest should be avoided since atrophy may occur rapidly. Strong analgesics are also usually contraindicated, except for sleep, since they mask pain and may allow overvigorous activity. Early strengthening exercises include the Williams flexion exercises and/or McKenzie extension exercises. Both exercise motions may often be prescribed. Athletes with an acute disc herniation, however, should only perform extension exercises initially. Athletes with spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis and facet joint irritation should initially be limited to flexion exercises.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

锁定钢板外置治疗胫骨骨折的初步病例报告

目的观察外置锁定钢板固定一期或二期治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析三峡大学仁和医院2015年1月-2016年6月应用外置锁定钢板固定治疗的6例胫骨骨折患者,其中男性5例,女性1例;年龄17~55岁,平均34岁。开放性骨折3例,闭合骨折并腘动脉损伤1例,闭合骨折并骨筋膜室综合征2例。观察手术情况、术后创面闭合情况、骨折愈合时间、手术并发症。结果开放性骨折共3例,其中2例急诊全麻下行创面清创,直视下复位骨折断端、克氏针临时固定,1例中段骨折取胫骨锁定钢板,另1例下段骨折取胫骨远端解剖型锁定板。骨筋膜室高压2例,其中近段骨折1例、中段骨折1例,在入院6h内腰麻下行筋膜室双切口开放减压。胫骨近端闭合性骨折合并腘动脉1例,患者同时合并对侧股骨远端闭合骨折、脾破裂、胰腺挫伤,多发肋骨骨折血气胸,急诊行损害控制性手术。所有病例均获随防,平均10个月(6~12个月)。所有病例均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间6个月(3~11个月),浅表皮肤针道感染2例,伤口处理后愈合。所有病例均未发生医源性神经血管损害、深部感染或移植物断裂等并发症。结论外置锁定钢板固定胫骨骨折可作为部分软组织条件不良的胫骨骨折固定的选择之一。     

Ultrasound findings of the locked metacarpophalangeal joint

The radiographs and sonographic findings of two cases of locked metacarpophalangeal joint secondary to tethering of the volar plate are described. The presence of osteophytes and the dynamic ultrasound assessment of the volar plate have provided confirmation of the clinical diagnosis prior to surgery.     

儿童胫骨上段骨折后并发膝外翻畸形的微创治疗

目的探讨儿童胫骨上段骨折后并发膝外翻畸形的形成原因及微创治疗方法。方法对我院2008年10月～2010年10月间收治的胫骨上端骨折并发膝外翻畸形患儿进行了回顾性分析。本组患儿共12例,男性8例,女性4例,均采用"8"字钢板于胫骨上段内侧骺板行骨骺阻滞术。结果 8例随访2年。1例(11岁)单侧肢体外伤后膝外翻畸形患儿矫正术后1年不满意,后行胫骨近端截骨矫形手术;1例(6岁)单膝外翻,因钢板安置不理想,矫正不满意,1.5年后重新调整钢板;其余6例术后2年测踝间距均减少至2cm以下,已拆除"8"字钢板,膝外翻完全纠正,效果满意。4例随访1年,均按预期矫正观察中。结论应用"8"字钢板进行暂时性骨骺阻滞纠正儿童胫骨上段骨折并发膝外翻畸形是一种微创、安全、效果确切的治疗方法。为保证矫形术后效果满意,应在术后行患肢石膏固定2～3周。此类手术操作简单易行,值得推广。     

枪伤致四肢长骨干粉碎性骨折一期修复的疗效分析

目的探索枪伤致四肢长骨干严重粉碎性骨折一期修复的方法及疗效。方法18例枪伤致四肢长骨干严重粉碎性骨折,采用早期彻底清创,一期整复骨折,并采用自行设计的半环式梯形加压钢板固定。对合并的神经、血管损伤均予以一期修复。结果所有病例伤口均一期愈合。骨折随访时间5~18个月,14例获良好骨愈合,平均骨愈合时间为18周,有4例出现骨延迟愈合或骨不连,无骨髓炎发生。结论对枪伤致四肢长骨干严重粉碎性骨折,在彻底清创的基础上,一期整复骨折并内固定是可行的。半环式梯形加压钢板对该类骨折的固定具有独到的优点。     

不稳定骨盆后环损伤的手术治疗

目的 探讨如何选择不稳定骨盆后环损伤的内固定方法,为临床内固定的选择提供依据.方法 选择2003年6月-2008年3月收治的不稳定骨盆后环损伤患者53例,其中男39例,女14例;年龄10～69岁,平均39.5岁.致伤原因:交通伤36例,高处坠落伤12例,挤压伤5例.骨盆后环损伤情况:髂骨后部纵向骨折7例;不稳定骶骨骨折27例,按Denis分型标准:Ⅰ区14例,Ⅱ区11例,Ⅲ区2例;不稳定骶髂关节脱位19例,其中伴髂骨翼骨折的骶髂关节脱位7例,经耳状关节与韧带的骶髂关节脱位2例,伴骶骨翼骨折的骶髂关节脱位10例.外伤至手术时间3～28 d,平均6.7 d.采用前侧重建钢板固定7例,经皮骶髂螺钉内固定26例,经皮后方跨骶骨重建钢板内固定20例.结果 本组53例均获12～36个月(平均17.2个月)随访.无切口感染、术中血管神经损伤、内固定松动或断裂,无骨不愈合或明显双下肢不等长.术后根据Matta评分标准:优19例,良27例,可7例,优良率为87%.功能恢复根据Majeed功能评分:优19例,良27例,可7例,优良率为87%.5例骶丛损伤患者鞍区感觉减退或膀胱排尿困难的症状均基本消失,2例骶从损伤患者遗留会阴部麻木和足下垂. 结论 手术重建骨盆后环的稳定性可获得良好的功能康复.应根据骨折的类型、内固定技术的适用范围、手术者的经验、设备条件等具体情况,选择合适的内固定方法.